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Full-Text Articles in Microbiology
Genotypes And Phenotypes Of Staphylococci On Selected Dairy Farms In Vermont, Robert Mugabi
Genotypes And Phenotypes Of Staphylococci On Selected Dairy Farms In Vermont, Robert Mugabi
Graduate College Dissertations and Theses
The genus Staphylococcus contains at least 47 species and 23 subspecies. Bacteria in this genus are ubiquitous; many are commensals on human and animal skin and can be opportunistic pathogens. In dairy cattle, staphylococci are the leading cause of intramammary infections (IMI) and mastitis. Mastitis is the inflammation of the mammary gland, and is one of the leading infectious diseases causing production losses in the dairy industry. Based on the ability to clot blood plasma in vitro, members of the genus can be divided into two groups: coagulase positive staphylococci (CPS) and coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS). In the dairy industry, …
An Analysis Of Between-Cow Variation In Innate Immunity In Relation To Mastitis Severity, Filiz Korkmaz
An Analysis Of Between-Cow Variation In Innate Immunity In Relation To Mastitis Severity, Filiz Korkmaz
Graduate College Dissertations and Theses
Bovine mastitis remains one of the costliest diseases affecting the dairy industry. Individual susceptibility to mastitis and severity of infection varies between animals and can only be partially explained by genetics. As such, understanding how genetic predisposition coordinately interacts with epigenetic modifications and environmental exposures is necessary to bridge the gap in missing heritability. The role of DNA methylation in regulating the response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was first determined by performing reduced representation bisulfite sequencing on fibroblasts isolated from heifers at 5- and 16-months of age that exhibit an age-dependent up-regulation in LPS-responsiveness. More than 14,000 differentially methylated sites …
Methods To Identify And Develop Drugs For Cryptosporidiosis, Rajiv Satish Jumani
Methods To Identify And Develop Drugs For Cryptosporidiosis, Rajiv Satish Jumani
Graduate College Dissertations and Theses
Cryptosporidiosis is a common diarrheal disease caused by intestinal infection with the apicomplexan parasite Cryptosporidium, in humans usually either with C. hominis or C. parvum. Unfortunately, given a large burden of disease in children and immunocompromised people like AIDS patients, the only currently approved treatment, nitazoxanide, is unreliable for these patient populations. To address the urgent need for new drugs for the most vulnerable populations, large phenotypic screening efforts have been established to identify anti-Cryptosporidium growth inhibitors in vitro (hits). However, in the absence of a gold standard drug, the in vitro and in vivo characteristics that should be used …
Detection Of The Lung Environment By Multi-Drug Resistant Gram-Negative Bacterial Pathogens, Graham Geier Willsey
Detection Of The Lung Environment By Multi-Drug Resistant Gram-Negative Bacterial Pathogens, Graham Geier Willsey
Graduate College Dissertations and Theses
Nosocomial lung infections are a growing concern in the United States, with more than 300,000 cases reported annually. More than 30 % of which are caused by the Gram-negative bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Similarly, Gram-negative bacteria establish chronic infections in individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF) that are difficult or impossible to eradicate.P. aeruginosa has historically been one of the most prevalent pathogens of adults with CF. However, as antipseudomonal therapy has improved, more antibiotic resistant species have taken hold, including Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, which now colonizes more than 10 % of individuals with CF. Regardless of …
Evaluating The Resistome And Microbial Composition During Food Waste Feeding And Composting On A Vermont Poultry Farm, Korin Eckstrom
Evaluating The Resistome And Microbial Composition During Food Waste Feeding And Composting On A Vermont Poultry Farm, Korin Eckstrom
Graduate College Dissertations and Theses
While commonly thought of as a waste product, food scraps and residuals represent an important opportunity for energy and nutrient recapture within the food system. As demands on production continue to increase, conservation of these valuable resources has become a priority area. In the wake of new legislation in Vermont, Act 148, the Universal Recycling Law, the fate of microbial species in food waste, scraps and residuals is increasingly important. The presence of antimicrobial resistance genes in all types of foods calls for an increased need to estimate risk of antibiotic resistance transfer and maintenance across all segments of food …
Identification And Characterization Of Gatase1-Like Arac-Family Transcriptional Regulators In Burkholderia Thailandensis., Adam Michael Nock
Identification And Characterization Of Gatase1-Like Arac-Family Transcriptional Regulators In Burkholderia Thailandensis., Adam Michael Nock
Graduate College Dissertations and Theses
The ability of bacteria to detect their surroundings and enact an appropriate response is critical for survival. Translation of external signals into a coherent response requires specific control over the transcription of DNA into RNA. Much of the regulation at this step is accomplished by transcriptional regulators, proteins that bind to DNA and alter gene expression. A wide-spread variety of regulators in bacteria is the AraC-family. These regulators are divided into two conserved domains and respond to a variety of compounds owing to different N-terminal domains. A subfamily of these regulators, GATase1-like AraC-family transcriptional regulators (GATRs), is described. These proteins …