Microbiology Commons^™

Isolation Of A Rhodococcus Soil Bacterium That Produces A Strong Antibacterial Compound., Ralitsa Bogomilova Borisova

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Rhodococci are notable for their ability to degrade a variety of natural and xenobiotic compounds. Recently, interest in Rhodococcus has increased due to the discovery of a large number of genes for secondary metabolism. Only a few secondary metabolites have been characterized from the rhodococci (including 3 recently described antibiotics). Twenty-four new Rhodococcus strains were isolated from soils in East Tennessee using acetonitrile enrichment culturing and identified using 16S rRNA analysis. Forty-seven Rhodococcus strains were screened for antibiotic production using a growth inhibition assay. One strain, MTM3W5.2, had 90% similarity to the Rhodococcus opacus 16S rRNA gene sequence and produced …

Synthesis Of An Antimicrobial Textile Coating, William M. Morris

Chemistry and Biochemistry

A titania nanosol was synthesized and coated onto nylon/cotton blended textile substrates. The substrates were characterized via SEM for adhesion and nanoparticle formation, then subjected to antimicrobial efficacy tests. The titania nanosol was successfully coated on to textiles samples. Particles were observed to be around 2 by 3 micrometers and formed between the interstitial space of textile fibers. Although larger than typical nanoparticles, the coatings exhibited what seemed to be antimicrobial activity. Titania nanosol coated textile samples were subjected to Kirby Bauer Assay in the presence of S. aureus. The coated textile sample exhibited an inhibition of growth around its …

Detection Of Two Pathogens Of High Importance To The National Poultry Improvement Plan: Salmonella Spp. And Mycoplasma Spp., Robin Levi Jarquin

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

In 1935, the National Poultry Improvement Plan (NPIP) was created to control Salmonella gallinarum and Salmonella pullorum . These two pathogens were devastating economically for poultry producers. Through cooperative efforts using vaccination and strict biosecurity, these two pathogens were eradicated from the United States. Currently, the NPIP program is targeting two other poultry pathogens, Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis and Mycoplasma . In the broiler industry it targets 2 specific Mycoplasma species (synoviae, gallisepticum). Vaccinations for these bacteria are available, but are not fully effective at controlling all strains and serovars. Thus, constant monitoring systems and strict biosecurity measures are necessary …

Trematode Gill Parasite Infection In Brachyrhaphis Episcopi, Kara Million

Honors Capstone Projects and Theses

No abstract provided.

Structure-Function Analysis Of Enzymes Of The Polyisoprenyl-Phosphate Hexose-1-Phosphate Transferase Family, Kinnari B. Patel

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Enzymes of the polyisoprenyl-phosphate hexose-1-phosphate transferase (PHPT) family are integral membrane proteins that initiate the synthesis of glycans by catalyzing the transfer of a hexose-1-phosphate sugar from UDP-hexose to the lipid carrier undecaprenyl phosphate (Und-P). These glycans such as O antigen and exopolysaccharide (EPS) provide bacteria with protection and adaptation to the environment and host immune factors. The role of PHPT proteins in initiation and the absence of any eukaryotic homologues make them an attractive target for novel antimicrobials; however study of these proteins is difficult due to the presence of multiple transmembrane helices. A requirement of the C-terminal domain …

Eluding Antibiotic Resistance: Capitalizing On Antimicrobial Peptides Interaction With The Lipid Bilayer, Danielle M. Mcgrath

Dissertations & Theses (Open Access)

It is widely accepted that the emergence of drug-resistant pathogens is the result of the overuse and misuse of antibiotics. Infectious Disease Society of America, Center for Disease Control and World Health Organization continue to view, with concern, the lack of antibiotics in development, especially those against Gram-negative bacteria.

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been proposed as an alternative to antibiotics due to their selective activity against microbes and minor ability to induce resistance. For example, the Food and Drug Administration approved Daptomycin (DAP) in 2003 for treatment of severe skin infections caused by susceptible Gram-positive organisms. Currently, there are 12 …

Expression And Function Of The Dna Damage Protein Umud Of Acinetobacter Baylyi, And Its Predicted Cleavage And Nucleophilic Activator Residue Mutants In Escherichia Coli, Sabal Adhikari

Morehead State Theses and Dissertations

A thesis presented to the faculty of the College of Science & Technology at Morehead State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science by Sabal Adhikari on July 28, 2011.

Investigation Of A Sulfur-Utilizing Perchlorate-Reducing Bacterial Consortium, Teresa Anne Conneely

Open Access Dissertations

We present research investigating how, with in depth knowledge of the community, microbial communities may be harnessed for bioremediation of hazardous water contaminants. We focused on the bacterial reduction of perchlorate, a common water contaminant. For this we studied the structure and capabilities of a novel sulfur-utilizing, perchlorate-reducing bacterial (SUPeRB) consortium. Initially, we characterized the minimal consortium that retained functional capabilities, using 16S rRNA and functional gene analysis. A diverse functional consortium dominated by Beta-Proteobacteria of the family Rhodocyclaceae and sulfur-oxidizing Epsilon-Proteobacteria was found. We also examined the optimal growth conditions under which perchlorate degradation occurred and uncovered the upper …

Genomic And Molecular Analysis Of The Exopolysaccharide Production In The Bacterium Thauera Aminoaromatica Mz1t, Ke Jiang

Doctoral Dissertations

Thauera aminoaromatica MZ1T is an exopolysaccharide (EPS)-producing Gram negative bacterium isolated from the wastewater treatment plant of a major industrial chemical manufacturer as the causal agent for poor sludge dewatering. It shares common features with other known Thauera spp. (i.e. Thauera aromatica, and Thauera selenatis), being capable of degrading aromatic compounds anaerobically and using acetate and succinate as carbon sources. It is unique among the Thauera spp. in its production of abundant EPS which results in viscous bulking and poor sludge dewaterability. In this respect, it is similar to Azoarcus sp. EbN1 and BH72. Thaueran is the proposed …

Requirement Of Ssdelseed-Motif Of Escherichia Coli F1FO Atp Synthase In Antimicrobial Peptide Binding., Junior Kom Tayou

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

F₁F_O ATP synthase is a membrane bound enzyme capable of synthesizing and hydrolyzing ATP. Lately, α-helical cationic peptides such as melittin and melittin related peptide (MRP) were shown to inhibit E. coli ATP synthase. The proposed but unconfirmed site of inhibition is βDELSEED-motif formed by the residues 380-386, located at the interface of α/β subunit of ATP synthase. This project was a mutagenic analysis of βDELSEED-motif residues to understand the binding mechanism and mode of action of peptide inhibitors. The study addressed 2 main questions: Are the antibacterial/anticancer effects of these peptides related to their inhibitory action …

Effects Of Land Use In The Ohio River Basin On The Distribution Of Coliform And Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria In The Ohio River, Gene Chou

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Recent studies indicate that antibiotic resistant bacteria can be useful as indicators of water quality (1, 2, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10). Studies in our laboratory have shown that fecal pollution did not fully explain the distribution or the frequency of antibiotic resistant bacteria in the Ohio River (27, 28). Therefore, it is important to understand the factors that affect the distribution of antibiotic resistant bacteria in aquatic habitat. The purpose of this study was to examine the correlations between land use, water quality, and concentration of antibiotic resistant bacteria in the Ohio River. Mid-channel water samples were collected at …

Evaluación De La Inclusión De Oligosacaridos Mananos Y Bacitracina De Zinc En La Dieta De Pollos De Engorde Y Su Exclusión Competitiva Frente A Salmonella Enteritidis, Victor Andres Sarmiento Jojoa, Mauricio Andres Guerra Peña

Zootecnia

Es una investigación de tipo experimental que evaluó los efectos sobre parámetros zootécnicos de pollos de engorde de la línea Ross 308, suministrándoles una dieta con inclusión de promotores del crecimiento; Oligosacaridos mananos MOS (prebiótico) y Bacitracina de zinc (antibiótico). Y su exclusión competitiva frente a Salmonella enteritidis. El estudio se realizo en las instalaciones de la Universidad de la Salle. La cepa de Salmonella enteriditis fue suministrada por la Universidad Javeriana; es una cepa no patógena, que solo produce alteraciones de tipo digestivo y los promotores de crecimiento fueron suministrados por la empresa Alttech. La cepa fue aplicada a …

Characterisation Of Bacterial Extracellular Polysaccharides (Eps) And Other Complex Carbohydrates With Prebiotic Potential, Padraigin Murphy

Theses

Prebiotics are selectively fermented ingredient that allows specific changes, both in the composition and/or activity in the gastrointestinal microbiota that confers benefits upon host well-being and health’ It is not the prebiotic by itself but rather the changes induced in microflora composition that is responsible for its effects. Several sources of prebiotic were used in this study, namely extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) originating from Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB), barley, oat. Laminaria digitata. Laminaria hyperborea and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. EPS-producing LAB were isolated from a wide variety of environmental and gastrointestinal niches. The strains were typed and classified according to their EPS-producing ability …