Microbiology Commons^™

Amelioration Of Root Disease Of Subterranean Clover (Trifolium Subterraneum) By Mineral Nutrients, Tim Scanlon, Tiernan A. O’Rourke, Megan H. Ryan, Martin J. Barbetti, Krishnapillai Sivasithamparam

Journal articles

Subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) is a key pasture legume across southern Australia and elsewhere. Decline in subterranean clover pastures was first recognised in Australia during the 1960s and manifests as an increase in weeds and a decrease in desirable legume species. While both root disease and poor nutrition contribute to subterranean clover pasture decline, the relationships between root disease and nutrition have not been determined. The objective of this study was to define these relationships. Field experiments were undertaken to determine the nutritional and pathogen status of soils and subterranean clover from three Western Australian field sites. Subsequently, …

Severity Of Root Rot In Mature Subterranean Clover And Associated Fungal Pathogens In The Wheatbelt Of Western Australia, Tim Scanlon, Tiernan A. O’Rourke, Martin J. Barbetti, Megan H. Ryan, Len J. Wade, Alan C. Mckay, Ian T. Riley, Hua Li, Krishnapillai Sivasithamparam

Journal articles

Pasture decline is considered to be a serious challenge to agricultural productivity of subterranean clover across southern Australia. Root disease is a significant contributing factor to pasture decline. However, root disease assessments are generally carried out in the early part of the growing season and in areas predominantly sown to permanent pastures. For this reason, in spring 2004, a survey was undertaken to determine the severity of root disease in mature subterranean clover plants in pastures located in the wheatbelt of Western Australia. DNA-based soil assays were used to estimate population density in the soil of a variety of soil-borne …

Downy Mildew In Vineyards, Diana Fisher, Andrew Taylor, Colin Gordon, Peter Magarey

Bulletins 4000 -

Downy mildew, caused by Plasmopara viticola, is a major fungal disease of grapevines that originates from North America. This disease was first detected in a commercial Western Australian vineyard in October 1998 and has since been found in most grape growing areas within the State. It is found in all other grape growing areas of Australia.

Plasmopara viticola is specific to grapevines (e.g. Vitis vinifera), although not all Vitis spp. are susceptible. The American rootstock species and hybrids are less susceptible or are resistant (refer to ‘Varietal susceptibility’). Other species of downy mildew, such as those found on …

Powdery Mildew In Wine Grapes In Western Australia, Diana Fisher, Trevor Wicks Dr

Bulletins 4000 -

Powdery mildew is caused by the fungal pathogen Uncinula necator. It is the most persistent fungal problem of grapes in WA and one of the most widespread fungal diseases of grapevines in the world. It is characterised by ash-grey to white powdery growth on green tissue of the vine. If uncontrolled it can cause serious crop losses and impair wine quality.

Virus Diseases Of Subterranean Clover Pastures And Their Management, David Ferris, Roger Jones

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

In Western Australia and southern Australia generally, subterranean clover mottle (SCMV) and bean yellow mosaic (BYMV) are the most damaging virus diseases of subterranean clover pastures.

Although infected plants cannot be cured of virus infection, pastures can be managed to reduce both virus spread and persistence from year to year. Management options depend on which virus is present and include reseeding with resistant varieties; changing the pasture composition so that non-host species predominate; altering grazing practices to limit spread; and application of pesticide sprays to kill aphids.

Plant Viruses., R. A.C. Jones

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Cucumber mosaic virus in legumes, 85A024, 85A122, 85A123, 85A153, 85A163, 85A217, 85A219. Alfalfa mosaic virus in annual medics.

Rhizoctonia Patch Of Cereals, G C. Macnish

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Rhizoctonia patch is now widespread within Western Australia, having been recorded on all cereals and on a wide variety of other crops and pasture plants. Although the disease-as its name implies - looks spectacular in the field, the overall reduction in crop yield is probably small. However, its increasing frequency is causing considerable concern as the disease appears to be associated with minimum or reduced tillage systems.

Root Rot Of Subterranean Clover In W.A, G C. Macnish, M. J. Barbetti, D. Gillespie, K. Hawley

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Root rot of subterranean clover has occurred sporadically in the south west of Western Australia for a number of years.

In most seasons the disease has affected the clover paddocks of only a few farms, but in 1973 there was widespread pasture decline due to root rot in the South-West and south coastal districts.

At present the most promising approaches for minimising the effect of root rot appear to be the use of cultivation techniques and eventually the use of resistant varieties, or other pasture species.

Lupinosis, M R. Gardiner

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

In spite of many years of intensive investigation lupinosis remains a remarkably complex and baffling problem. Current research is throwing new light on the disease and it is now much better understood— although far from beaten.

Lupinosis research is co-ordinated by the Department of Agriculture's Lupinosis Committee, on which are represented all groups working on the disease. These include veterinary surgeons and pathologists, chemists, plant pathologists and animal husbandry specialists.

Chairman of the Committee is Dr M. R. Gardiner, Chief of the Department's Animal Division and a veteran of lupinosis research.

In this article Dr Gardiner summarises the current state …

Phomopsis : The Causal Fungus Of Lupinosis, P Mcr Wood, A. G. P. Brown

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

It is now well known that lupinosis of sheep and cattle follows ingestion of lupin stubble colonised by the fungus Phomopsis rossiana. The fungus infects green lupins but persists on the stubble and under certain conditions apparently produces a toxin which causes the disease.

As Phomopsis is now widespread on lupins in Western Australia its ecology has been studied in detail as a basis for possible control measures.

This article outlines what is known so far of the disease and its control.

Sturt Pea Hosts Collar Rot Fungus, M D. Marcley

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Evidence that Western Australia's Sturt Pea can be attacked by collar rot fungus suggests a reason for the occurrence of collar rot in places where the fungus should not survive.

At Carnarvon for instance, in spite of the hot, dry conditions, the collar rot fungus has been found on eggplants and Tuart trees.

Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus In Western Australia, W A. Shipton

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

BARLEY yellow dwarf virus disease was first positively identified in Western Australia in 1961.

Records indicate that symptoms approximating those later found to be caused by this disease were reported as early as 1936.

Pressurised Soil Fumigation Equipment For Control Of Eelworm, C W. Robartson

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

THE treatment of soil infested with eelworms involves the use of chemical fumigants usually in the form of volatile liquids.

This article gives details for the construction of a simple pressurised fumigator which could be easily made by most orchardists, vignerons and market gardeners.

Legume Inoculants For 1967, W A. Shipton

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

PERIODIC changes are made in the strains of rhizobia released for the inoculation of various legume groups.

These changes are made when it is evident from experimental data that better strains of rhizobia are available, or that the old ones are no longer effective.

New strains of rhizobia may give improved nodulation of legume seedlings or increase dry matter yields.

Inoculation And Pelleting Of Lupin And Serradella Seed, W A. Shipton, C. A. Parker

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

LUPINS AND SERRADELLA are not as extensively grown in Western Australia as some other legumes, but they are useful pasture species, particularly on poorer sandy soils.

Virgin soils may contain rhizobial bacteria capable of nodulating some members of the lupin group, but none of these bacteria have been found to nodulate serradella (Lange, 1961).

The use of inoculated seed is imperative except where lupins have been grown before.

Plant Diseases : Angular Leaf Spot Of Cucurbits, O M. Goss

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

ANGULAR leaf spot caused by the bactterium Pseudomonas lachrymans (E.F.Sm. & Bryan) Carsner, is common on cucumbers and gherkins grown late in the season.

The same disease has been recorded on rockmelons, watermelons and pumpkins but rarely occurs on these hosts in Western Australia.

Light Lands In Western Australia. 3. Microbiological Problems In The Establishment Of Legumes On Light Lands, C A. Parker

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

EXPERIENCE has shown that the establishment of leguminous pastures is essential for successful economic development of Western Australian light lands.

Subterranean clover is the preferred legume in most light land areas, with lupins holding an important place in the more northerly districts, and on the deeper sands.

Sclerotinia Rot Of Vegetables, S C. Chambers, M. Hardie

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

SCLEROTINIA ROT, caused by the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, is now one of the most serious vegetable diseases in metropolitan market gardens.

Over the past decade it has been steadily increasing in prevalence and if present trends continue, many growers may be forced to abandon certain crops.

Although most vegetables are susceptible, the greatest losses are occurring in the autumn planting of beans, cauliflowers and lettuce and in the production of cauliflower seed.

Common Bean Mosaic, W P. Cass Smith

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

COMMON bean mosaic is a widespread disease which attacks both dwarf and pole bean varieties.

The disease is caused by an infective principle or virus which spreads throughout the sap of affected plants, and causes both delayed maturity and drastic reduction in yield.

Bacterial Wilt Of Potatoes, Department Of Agriculture, Western Australia

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

EACH season, Bacterial Wilt causes heavy losses to individual growers in several of the potato districts throughout the South-West of the State.

The disease is incited by the bacterium Pseudomonas solanacearum E.F.Sm. and is most prevalent in the districts of Donnvbrook. Pemberton and Manjimup as well as in the area between Waroona and Dardanup.

It is a tuber-borne disease which is extremely difficult to eradicate, once it has been introduced on to a property.

The Use Of Seed Inoculum For Subterranean Clover In The Jerramungup, Gairdner River Areas, William John Toms

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

IT is unlikely that benefits will be obtained from inoculating Dwalganup or Bacchus Marsh subterranean clover seed sown in the Jerramungup or Gairdner River districts other than on the fine sands of different geological origin (Miocene) occurring in some southern areas of the Gairdner River District.

Sclerotinia Rot Of Beans, S C. Chambers, M. Hardie

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

INVESTIGATIONS over the past three years suggest trenching is the most important practice for controlling Sclerotinia rot in market gardens.

None of the remaining measures under test gave satisfactory control of the disease, although some reduced its incidence significantly.