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Articles 1 - 10 of 10
Full-Text Articles in Microbiology
Diversity Of Oligotrichia And Choreotrichia Ciliates In Coastal Marine Sediments And In Overlying Plankton, Jan A.C. Vriezen Dr., Mary Doherty Dr., Maiko Tamura Dr., George B. Mcmanus Dr.
Diversity Of Oligotrichia And Choreotrichia Ciliates In Coastal Marine Sediments And In Overlying Plankton, Jan A.C. Vriezen Dr., Mary Doherty Dr., Maiko Tamura Dr., George B. Mcmanus Dr.
Jan A.C. Vriezen Dr.
Elucidating the relationship between ciliate communities in the benthos and the plankton is critical to understanding ciliate diversity in marine systems. Although data for many lineages are sparse, at least some members of the dominant marine ciliate clades Oligotrichia and Choreotrichia can be found in both plankton and benthos, in the latter either as cysts or active forms. In this study, we developed a molecular approach to address the relationship between the diversity of ciliates in the plankton and those of the underlying benthos in the same locations. Samples from plankton and sediments were compared across three sites along the …
Effects Of Tillage On Microbial Populations Associated To Soil Aggregation In Dryland Spring Wheat System, Andrew W. Lenssen, Thecan Caesar-Tonthat, Anthony J. Caesar, Upendra M. Sainju, John F. Gaskin
Effects Of Tillage On Microbial Populations Associated To Soil Aggregation In Dryland Spring Wheat System, Andrew W. Lenssen, Thecan Caesar-Tonthat, Anthony J. Caesar, Upendra M. Sainju, John F. Gaskin
Andrew W. Lenssen
Tillage may influence the microbial populations involved in soil aggregation.We evaluated the effects of no till (NT) and conventional tillage (CT, tillage depth about 7 cm) continuous spring wheat system on culturable heterotrophic bacterial communities predominant in microaggregates (0.25e0.05 mm) and on soil-aggregating basidiomycete fungi in aggregate-size classes (4.75e2.00, 2.00e0.25, and 0.25e0.05 mm) at 0e20 cm depth of a Williams loam (fine-loamy, mixed, Typic Argiustolls) in dryland Montana, USA. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay used to quantify antigenic response to basidiomycete cellwalls,was higher in NT than in CT in 4.75e2.00 mm size class in 2007 and higher in all classes and years …
Quantitativepcrmethods Forrna Anddnainmarine Sediments: Maximizing Yieldwhile Overcoming Inhibition, Karen Lloyd, Barbara J. Macgregor, Andreas Teske
Quantitativepcrmethods Forrna Anddnainmarine Sediments: Maximizing Yieldwhile Overcoming Inhibition, Karen Lloyd, Barbara J. Macgregor, Andreas Teske
Karen Lloyd
For accurate quantification of DNA and RNA from environmental samples, yield loss during nucleic acid purification has to be minimized. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) and reverse transcription (RT)-qPCR require a trade-off between maximizing yield and removing inhibitors. We compared DNA and RNA yield and suitability for quantitative SYBR Green PCR and RT-PCR using the UltraClean and PowerSoil extraction kits and a bead-beating protocol with phenol/chloroform extraction steps. Purification methods included silica-column-based procedures from the MoBio kits, RNeasy MinElute, WizardPlus miniprep columns, and an acrylamide gel extraction. DNA and RNA purification with WizardPlus and RNeasy, respectively, led to significant losses of nucleic …
Spatial Structure And Activity Of Sedimentary Microbial Communities Underlying A Beggiatoa Spp. Mat In A Gulf Of Mexico Hydrocarbon Seep, Karen Lloyd, Daniel B. Albert, Jennifer F. Biddle, Jeffrey P. Chanton, Oscar Pizarro, Andreas Teske
Spatial Structure And Activity Of Sedimentary Microbial Communities Underlying A Beggiatoa Spp. Mat In A Gulf Of Mexico Hydrocarbon Seep, Karen Lloyd, Daniel B. Albert, Jennifer F. Biddle, Jeffrey P. Chanton, Oscar Pizarro, Andreas Teske
Karen Lloyd
Background Subsurface fluids from deep-sea hydrocarbon seeps undergo methane- and sulfur-cycling microbial transformations near the sediment surface. Hydrocarbon seep habitats are naturally patchy, with a mosaic of active seep sediments and non-seep sediments. Microbial community shifts and changing activity patterns on small spatial scales from seep to non-seep sediment remain to be examined in a comprehensive habitat study. Methodology/Principal Findings We conducted a transect of biogeochemical measurements and gene expression related to methane- and sulfur-cycling at different sediment depths across a broad Beggiatoa spp. mat at Mississippi Canyon 118 (MC118) in the Gulf of Mexico. High process rates within the …
Determining Rates Of Virus Production In Aquatic Systems By The Virus Reduction Approach,, M.G. Weinbauer, J.M. Rowe, Steven Wilhelm
Determining Rates Of Virus Production In Aquatic Systems By The Virus Reduction Approach,, M.G. Weinbauer, J.M. Rowe, Steven Wilhelm
Steven Wilhelm
The reduction approach to assess virus production and the prokaryotic mortality by viral lysis stops new infection by reducing total virus abundance (and thus virus–host contacts). This allows for easy enumeration of viruses that originate from lysis of already infected cells due to the decreased abundance of free virus particles. This reoccurrence can be quantified and used to assess production and cell lysis rates. Several modifications of the method are presented and compared. The approaches have great potential for elucidating trends in virus production rates as well as for making generalized estimates of the quantitative effects of viruses on marine …
The Construction And Analysis Of Marker Gene Libraries, S.M. Short, F. Chen, Steven Wilhelm
The Construction And Analysis Of Marker Gene Libraries, S.M. Short, F. Chen, Steven Wilhelm
Steven Wilhelm
Marker genes for viruses are typically amplified from aquatic samples to determine whether specific viruses are present in the sample, or to examine the diversity of a group of related viruses. In this chapter, we will provide an overview of common methods used to amplify, clone, sequence, and analyze virus marker genes, and will focus our discussion on viruses infecting algae, bacteria, and heterotrophic flagellates. Within this chapter, we endeavor to highlight critical aspects and components of these methods. To this end, instead of providing a detailed experimental protocol for each of the steps involved in examining virus marker gene …
Early Cranial Patterning In The Direct-Developing Frog Eleutherodactylus Coqui Revealed Through Gene Expression, Ryan Kerney, Joshua Gross, James Hanken
Early Cranial Patterning In The Direct-Developing Frog Eleutherodactylus Coqui Revealed Through Gene Expression, Ryan Kerney, Joshua Gross, James Hanken
Ryan Kerney
Genetic and developmental alterations associated with the evolution of amphibian direct development remain largely unexplored. Specifically, little is known of the underlying expression of skeletal regulatory genes, which may reveal early modifications to cranial ontogeny in direct-developing species. We describe expression patterns of three key skeletal regulators (runx2, sox9, and bmp4) along with the cartilage-dominant collagen 2a1 gene (col2a1) during cranial development in the direct- developing anuran, Eleutherodactylus coqui. Expression patterns of these regulators reveal transient skeletogenic anlagen that correspond to larval cartilages, but which never fully form in E. coqui. Suprarostral anlagen in the frontonasal processes are detected through …
Synthetic Genome: Now That We’Re Creators, What Should We Create?, Frederick M. Cohan
Synthetic Genome: Now That We’Re Creators, What Should We Create?, Frederick M. Cohan
Frederick M. Cohan
No abstract provided.
The Ecology Of Speciation In Bacillus, Nora Connor, Johannes Sikorski, Alejandro P. Rooney, Sarah Kopac, Alexander F. Koeppel, Andrew Burger, Scott G. Cole, Elizabeth B. Perry, Danny Krizanc, Nicholas C. Field, Michele Slaton, Frederick M. Cohan
The Ecology Of Speciation In Bacillus, Nora Connor, Johannes Sikorski, Alejandro P. Rooney, Sarah Kopac, Alexander F. Koeppel, Andrew Burger, Scott G. Cole, Elizabeth B. Perry, Danny Krizanc, Nicholas C. Field, Michele Slaton, Frederick M. Cohan
Frederick M. Cohan
No abstract provided.
Regulatory Elements Of Xenopus Col2a1 Drive Cartilaginous Gene Expression In Transgenic Frogs, Ryan Kerney, Brian K. Hall, James Hanken
Regulatory Elements Of Xenopus Col2a1 Drive Cartilaginous Gene Expression In Transgenic Frogs, Ryan Kerney, Brian K. Hall, James Hanken
Ryan Kerney
This study characterizes regulatory elements of collagen 2α1 (col2a1) in Xenopus that enable transgene expression in cartilage-forming chondrocytes. The reporters described in this study drive strong cartilage-specific gene expression, which will be a valuable tool for further investigations of Xenopus skeletal development. While endogenous col2a1 mRNA is expressed in many embryonic tissues, its expression becomes restricted to tadpole and adult chondrocytes. This chondrocyte-specific expression is recapitulated by col2a1 reporter constructs, which were tested through I-SceI meganuclease-mediated transgenesis. These constructs contain a portion of the Xenopus tropicalis col2a1 intron, which aligns to a cartilage-specific intronic enhancer that has been well characterized …