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Articles 1 - 30 of 43
Full-Text Articles in Marine Biology
A Rapid Phenotype Change In The Pathogen Perkinsus Marinus Was Associated With A Historically Significant Marine Disease Emergence In The Eastern Oyster, Ryan Carnegie, Susan E. Ford, Rita K. Crockett, Peter R. Kingsley-Smith, Lydia M. Bienlien, Lucia S.L. Safi, Laura A. Whitefleet-Smith, Eugene M. Burreson
A Rapid Phenotype Change In The Pathogen Perkinsus Marinus Was Associated With A Historically Significant Marine Disease Emergence In The Eastern Oyster, Ryan Carnegie, Susan E. Ford, Rita K. Crockett, Peter R. Kingsley-Smith, Lydia M. Bienlien, Lucia S.L. Safi, Laura A. Whitefleet-Smith, Eugene M. Burreson
VIMS Articles
The protozoan parasite Perkinsus marinus, which causes dermo disease in Crassostrea virginica, is one of the most ecologically important and economically destructive marine pathogens. The rapid and persistent intensification of dermo in the USA in the 1980s has long been enigmatic. Attributed originally to the effects of multi-year drought, climatic factors fail to fully explain the geographic extent of dermo’s intensification or the persistence of its intensified activity. Here we show that emergence of a unique, hypervirulent P. marinus phenotype was associated with the increase in prevalence and intensity of this disease and associated mortality. Retrospective histopathology of …
A Decade Of Incorporating Social Sciences In The Integrated Marine Biosphere Research Project (Imber): Much Done, Much To Do?, Ingrid Van Putten, Rachel Kelly, (...), Kevin Weng, Et Al
A Decade Of Incorporating Social Sciences In The Integrated Marine Biosphere Research Project (Imber): Much Done, Much To Do?, Ingrid Van Putten, Rachel Kelly, (...), Kevin Weng, Et Al
VIMS Articles
Successful management and mitigation of marine challenges depends on cooperation and knowledge sharing which often occurs across culturally diverse geographic regions. Global ocean science collaboration is therefore essential for developing global solutions. Building effective global research networks that can enable collaboration also need to ensure inter- and transdisciplinary research approaches to tackle complex marine socio-ecological challenges. To understand the contribution of interdisciplinary global research networks to solving these complex challenges, we use the Integrated Marine Biosphere Research (IMBeR) project as a case study. We investigated the diversity and characteristics of 1,827 scientists from 11 global regions who were attendees at …
Modeling Changes In Baleen Whale Seasonal Abundance, Timing Of Migration, And Environmental Variables To Explain The Sudden Rise In Entanglements In California, Kaytlin Ingman, Ellen Hines, Piero L. F. Mazzini, Et Al
Modeling Changes In Baleen Whale Seasonal Abundance, Timing Of Migration, And Environmental Variables To Explain The Sudden Rise In Entanglements In California, Kaytlin Ingman, Ellen Hines, Piero L. F. Mazzini, Et Al
VIMS Articles
We document changes in the number of sightings and timing of humpback (Megaptera novaeangliae), blue (Balaenoptera musculus), and gray (Eschrichtius robustus) whale migratory phases in the vicinity of the Farallon Islands, California. We hypothesized that changes in the timing of migration off central California were driven by local oceanography, regional upwelling, and basin-scale climate conditions. Using 24 years of daily whale counts collected from Southeast Farallon Island, we developed negative binomial regression models to evaluate trends in local whale sightings over time. We then used linear models to assess trends in the timing of …
Variation In Seagrass-Associated Macroinvertebrate Communities Along The Gulf Coast Of Peninsular Florida: An Exploration Of Patterns And Ecological Consequences, Savanna C. Barry, A. Challen Hyman, Charles A. Jacoby, Laura K. Reynolds, Mark Kowalewski, Thomas K. Frazer
Variation In Seagrass-Associated Macroinvertebrate Communities Along The Gulf Coast Of Peninsular Florida: An Exploration Of Patterns And Ecological Consequences, Savanna C. Barry, A. Challen Hyman, Charles A. Jacoby, Laura K. Reynolds, Mark Kowalewski, Thomas K. Frazer
VIMS Articles
Seagrasses form vast meadows of structurally complex habitat that support faunal communities with greater numbers of species and individuals than nearby unstructured habitats. The Gulf coast of peninsular Florida represents a natural laboratory ideally suited to the study of processes that shape seagrass-associated invertebrate and fish communities within meadows of a single species of seagrass, Thalassia testudinum. This suitability arises from a pronounced structural and chemical gradient that exists over ecologically relevant spatial and temporal scales, as revealed by extensive monitoring of water quality and seagrass. We hypothesized that seagrass-associated invertebrate communities would vary across five estuarine systems spread …
Spatiotemporal Distribution Of Phycotoxins And Their Co-Occurrence Within Nearshore Waters, Michelle D. Onofrio, Todd A. Egerton, Kimberly S. Reece, Sarah K.D. Pease, Marta P. Sanderson, William Jones Iii, Evan Yeargan, Amanda Roach, Caroline Dement, William G. Reay, Allen R. Place, Juliette L. Smith
Spatiotemporal Distribution Of Phycotoxins And Their Co-Occurrence Within Nearshore Waters, Michelle D. Onofrio, Todd A. Egerton, Kimberly S. Reece, Sarah K.D. Pease, Marta P. Sanderson, William Jones Iii, Evan Yeargan, Amanda Roach, Caroline Dement, William G. Reay, Allen R. Place, Juliette L. Smith
VIMS Articles
Harmful algal blooms (HABs), varying in intensity and causative species, have historically occurred throughout the Chesapeake Bay, U.S.; however, phycotoxin data are sparse. The spatiotemporal distribution of phycotoxins was investigated using solid-phase adsorption toxin tracking (SPATT) across 12 shallow, nearshore sites within the lower Chesapeake Bay and Virginia's coastal bays over one year (2017-2018). Eight toxins, azaspiracid-1 (AZA1), azaspiracid-2 (AZA2), microcystin-LR (MC-LR), domoic acid (DA), okadaic acid (OA), dinophysistoxin-1 (DTX1), pectenotoxin-2 (PTX2), and goniodomin A (GDA) were detected in SPATT extracts. Temporally, phycotoxins were always present in the region, with at least one phycotoxin group (i.e., consisting of OA and …
Ribbed Mussel Geukensia Demissa Population Response To Living Shoreline Design And Ecosystem Development, Donna M. Bilkovic, Robert Isdell, Amanda G. Guthrie, Molly Mitchell, Randolph M. Chambers
Ribbed Mussel Geukensia Demissa Population Response To Living Shoreline Design And Ecosystem Development, Donna M. Bilkovic, Robert Isdell, Amanda G. Guthrie, Molly Mitchell, Randolph M. Chambers
VIMS Articles
Coastal communities increasingly invest in natural and nature-based features (e.g., living shorelines) as a strategy to protect shorelines and enhance coastal resilience. Tidal marshes are a common component of these strategies because of their capacity to reduce wave energy and storm surge impacts. Performance metrics of restoration success for living shorelines tend to focus on how the physical structure of the created marsh enhances shoreline protection via proper elevation and marsh plant presence. These metrics do not fully evaluate the level of marsh ecosystem development. In particular, the presence of key marsh bivalve species can indicate the capability of the …
Comparative Study Of The Hemolymph Microbiome Between Live And Recently Dead American Lobsters Homarus Americanus, Jibom Jung, Patrick M. Gillevet, Masoumeh Sikaroodi, Jamal Andrews, Bk Song, Jeffrey D. Shields
Comparative Study Of The Hemolymph Microbiome Between Live And Recently Dead American Lobsters Homarus Americanus, Jibom Jung, Patrick M. Gillevet, Masoumeh Sikaroodi, Jamal Andrews, Bk Song, Jeffrey D. Shields
VIMS Articles
Lobsters and other crustaceans do not have sterile hemolymph. Despite this, little is known about the microbiome in the hemolymph of the lobster Homarus americanus. The purpose of this study was to characterize the hemolymph microbiome in lobsters. The lobsters were part of a larger study on the effect of temperature on epizootic shell disease, and several died during the course of the study, providing an opportunity to examine differences in the microbiomes between live and recently dead (1−24 h) animals. The hemolymph microbiomes of live lobsters was different from those in dead animals and both were different from the …
Changes In Plant Communities Of Low-Salinity Tidal Marshes In Response To Sea-Level Riselow-Salinity Tidal Marshes In Response To Sea-Level Rise, Abbey Humphreys, Adrianna L. Gorsky, Donna M. Bilkovic, Randolph M. Chambers
Changes In Plant Communities Of Low-Salinity Tidal Marshes In Response To Sea-Level Riselow-Salinity Tidal Marshes In Response To Sea-Level Rise, Abbey Humphreys, Adrianna L. Gorsky, Donna M. Bilkovic, Randolph M. Chambers
VIMS Articles
As sea-level rises, low-salinity tidal marshes experience greater flooding with more saline water. In the Chesapeake Bay estuary, we compared the 1980 and 2014 tidal marsh inventories (TMIs) of plant communities from James City County, Virginia, USA, with respect to the spatial distribution of two species—the invasive reed Phragmites australis and native salt marsh grass Spartina alterniflora–plus overall species richness. Since the 1980 TMI, the total area of low-salinity tidal marshes in which P. australis occurred increased from 0.46 km2 to 6.30 km2 in 2014. Between TMIs, however, the total area of low-salinity marshes occupied by …
Molecular Mechanism Of Oil Induced Growth Inhibition In Diatoms Using Thalassiosira Pseudonana As The Model Species, Manoj Kamalanathan, Savannah Mapes, Jessica Hillhouse, Et Al
Molecular Mechanism Of Oil Induced Growth Inhibition In Diatoms Using Thalassiosira Pseudonana As The Model Species, Manoj Kamalanathan, Savannah Mapes, Jessica Hillhouse, Et Al
VIMS Articles
The 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil-spill exposed the microbes of Gulf of Mexico to unprecedented amount of oil. Conclusive evidence of the underlying molecular mechanism(s) on the negative effects of oil exposure on certain phytoplankton species such as Thalassiosira pseudonana is still lacking, curtailing our understanding of how oil spills alter community composition. We performed experiments on model diatom T. pseudonana to understand the mechanisms underpinning observed reduced growth and photosynthesis rates during oil exposure. Results show severe impairment to processes upstream of photosynthesis, such as light absorption, with proteins associated with the light harvesting complex damaged while the pigments were …
Advancing The Sea Ice Hypothesis: Trophic Interactions Among Breeding Pygoscelis Penguins With Divergent Population Trends Throughout The Western Antarctic Peninsula, Kristen B. Gorman, Kate E. Ruck, Tony D. Williams, William R. Fraser
Advancing The Sea Ice Hypothesis: Trophic Interactions Among Breeding Pygoscelis Penguins With Divergent Population Trends Throughout The Western Antarctic Peninsula, Kristen B. Gorman, Kate E. Ruck, Tony D. Williams, William R. Fraser
VIMS Articles
We evaluated annual and regional variation in the dietary niche of Pygoscelis penguins including the sea ice-obligate Adélie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae), and sea ice-intolerant chinstrap (Pygoscelis antarcticus) and gentoo (Pygoscelis papua) penguins, three species that nest throughout the western Antarctic Peninsula (AP) to test the sea ice trophic interaction hypothesis, which posits that penguin breeding populations with divergent trends, i.e., declining or increasing, are reliant on differing food webs. Our study relies on values of naturally occurring carbon (13C/12C, δ13C) and nitrogen (15N/14N, δ15N) stable isotopes as integrated proxies of penguin food webs measured
over three years at three different …
The Extent Of Seasonally Suitable Habitats May Limit Forage Fish Production In A Temperate Estuary, Mary C. Fabrizio, Troy D. Tuckey, Aaron J. Bever, Michael L. Macwilliams
The Extent Of Seasonally Suitable Habitats May Limit Forage Fish Production In A Temperate Estuary, Mary C. Fabrizio, Troy D. Tuckey, Aaron J. Bever, Michael L. Macwilliams
VIMS Articles
The sustained production of sufficient forage is critical to advancing ecosystem-based management, yet factors that affect local abundances and habitat conditions necessary to support aggregate forage production remain largely unexplored. We quantified suitable habitat in the Chesapeake Bay and its tidal tributaries for four key forage fishes: juvenile spotted hake Urophycis regia, juvenile spot Leiostomus xanthurus, juvenile weakfish Cynoscion regalis, and bay anchovy Anchoa mitchilli. We used information from monthly fisheries surveys from 2000 to 2016 coupled with hindcasts from a spatially interpolated model of dissolved oxygen and a 3-D hydrodynamic model of the Chesapeake Bay …
Temporal And Spatial Variability Of Phytoplankton And Mixotrophs In A Temperate Estuary, Nicole C. Millette, Marcella Da Costa, Jordan W. Mora, Rebecca J. Gast
Temporal And Spatial Variability Of Phytoplankton And Mixotrophs In A Temperate Estuary, Nicole C. Millette, Marcella Da Costa, Jordan W. Mora, Rebecca J. Gast
VIMS Articles
A significant proportion of phototrophic species are known to be mixotrophs: cells that obtain nutrients through a combination of photosynthesis and prey ingestion. Current methods to estimate mixotroph abundance in situ are known to be limited in their ability to help identify conditions that favor mixotrophs over strict autotrophs. For the first time, we combine microscopic analysis of phototrophic taxa with immunoprecipitated bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)labeled DNA amplicon sequencing to identify and quantify active and putative mixotrophs at 2 locations in a microtidal temperate estuary. We analyze these data to examine spatial and temporal variability of phytoplankton and mixotrophs. Microscopy-based phototrophic diversity …
Environmentally-Determined Production Frontiers And Lease Utilization In Virginia's Eastern Oyster Aquaculture Industry, Jennifer Beckensteiner, Andrew M. Scheld, Pierre St-Laurent, Marjorie A.M. Friedrichs, David M. Kaplan
Environmentally-Determined Production Frontiers And Lease Utilization In Virginia's Eastern Oyster Aquaculture Industry, Jennifer Beckensteiner, Andrew M. Scheld, Pierre St-Laurent, Marjorie A.M. Friedrichs, David M. Kaplan
VIMS Articles
During the last decade, oyster aquaculture has rebounded in Virginia and has been associated with an increase in subaqueous leased area. Production levels remain historically low, however, and many leases are thought to be underutilized. This study uses a novel approach leveraging high-resolution environmental data to evaluate lease utilization and identify constraints on aquaculture development. Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) were used to define environmentally-determined production frontiers, i.e. production possibilities based on empirical observations of aquaculture production, available space, and environmental conditions. Both methods estimated Lease Capacity Utilization (LCU, from 0 to 1) for leases producing …
Effects Of Climate Change On Metabolite Accumulation In Freshwater And Marine Cyanobacteria, I-Shuo Huang, Xinping Hu, Hussain Abdulla, Paul V. Zimba
Effects Of Climate Change On Metabolite Accumulation In Freshwater And Marine Cyanobacteria, I-Shuo Huang, Xinping Hu, Hussain Abdulla, Paul V. Zimba
VIMS Articles
Global climate change and anthropogenic nutrient inputs are responsible for increased frequency of cyanobac- terial blooms that potentially contain 55 classes of bioactive metabolites. This study investigated the effects of CO2 availability and concomittant pH levels on two cyanobacteria that produce microcystins: a marine cf. Syne- chocystis sp. and a freshwater Microcystis aeruginosa. Cyanobacterial strains were semi-continuously cultured in mesotrophic growth media at pH 7.5, 7.8, 8.2, and 8.5 via a combination of CO2 addition and control of alkalinity. The cell concentration between treatments was not significantly different and nutrient availability was not lim- ited. Concentration of most known cyanobacterial …
Krill Availability In Adjacent Adélie And Gentoo Penguin Foraging Regions Near Palmer Station, Antarctica, Schuyler C. Nardelli, Megan A. Cimino, John A. Conroy, William R. Fraser, Deborah K. Steinberg, Oscar Schofield
Krill Availability In Adjacent Adélie And Gentoo Penguin Foraging Regions Near Palmer Station, Antarctica, Schuyler C. Nardelli, Megan A. Cimino, John A. Conroy, William R. Fraser, Deborah K. Steinberg, Oscar Schofield
VIMS Articles
The Palmer Deep canyon along the West Antarctic Peninsula is a biological hotspot with abundant phytoplankton and krill supporting Adélie and gentoo penguin rookeries at the canyon head. Nearshore studies have focused on physical mechanisms driving primary production and penguin foraging, but less is known about finer-scale krill distribution and density. We designed two acoustic survey grids paired with conductivity–temperature–depth profiles within adjacent Adélie and gentoo penguin foraging regions near Palmer Station, Ant-arctica. The grids were sampled from January to March 2019 to assess variability in krill availability and associations with oceanographic properties. Krill density was similar in the two …
Asymmetric Root Distributions Reveal Press–Pulse Responses In Retreating Coastal Forests, Tyler C. Messerschmidt, Amy K. Langston, Matthew L. Kirwan
Asymmetric Root Distributions Reveal Press–Pulse Responses In Retreating Coastal Forests, Tyler C. Messerschmidt, Amy K. Langston, Matthew L. Kirwan
VIMS Articles
The impacts of climate change on ecosystems are manifested in how organisms respond to episodic and continuous stressors. The conversion of coastal forests to salt marshes represents a prominent example of ecosystem state change, driven by the continuous stress of sea-level rise (press), and episodic storms (pulse). Here, we measured the rooting dimension and fall direction of 143 windthrown eastern red cedar (Juniperus virginiana) trees in a rapidly retreating coastal forest in Chesapeake Bay (USA). We found that tree roots were distributed asymmetrically away from the leading edge of soil salinization and towards freshwater sources. The length, number, …
Evaluating Optimal Removal Of Derelict Blue Crab Pots In Virginia, Us, Andrew M. Scheld, Donna M. Bilkovic, Kirk J. Havens
Evaluating Optimal Removal Of Derelict Blue Crab Pots In Virginia, Us, Andrew M. Scheld, Donna M. Bilkovic, Kirk J. Havens
VIMS Articles
Derelict fishing gear is a growing concern in many fisheries and coastal communities. Pots and traps are prevalent forms of derelict fishing gear with numerous documented harmful effects. In the Chesapeake Bay, US, a large blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) pot fishery produces high levels of derelict gear. From 2008 to 2014, 34,408 derelict pots were removed from blue crab fishing areas in Virginia. This research first evaluates whether observed increases in catch rates occurring contemporaneously with the removal program were the result of derelict gear removals. An econometric production model is then used to estimate marginal removal benefits …
Ciliate Microzooplankton From The Northeastern Gulf Of Mexico, Richard A. Snyder, Joseph A. Moss, Luciana Santoferrara, Marie Head, Wade H. Jeffrey
Ciliate Microzooplankton From The Northeastern Gulf Of Mexico, Richard A. Snyder, Joseph A. Moss, Luciana Santoferrara, Marie Head, Wade H. Jeffrey
VIMS Articles
Microzooplankton mediate a critical juncture of autotrophic and heterotrophic microbial production in the water column. Taxonomic and ecological work on this group has been substantial, yet few reports exist for the offshore waters of the Gulf of Mexico (GOM). This report focuses on protists in the phylum Ciliophora collected at stations spanning the continental shelf in the northeastern GOM. We hypothesized that patterns of spatial distribution across the region would be west–east along the coast, rather than north–south coastal to offshore, reflecting major freshwater sources. Samples were obtained by 10 µm plankton net for microscopy and by filtration of seawater …
Environmental Associations Of Cownose Ray (Rhinoptera Bonasus) Seasonal Presence Along The U.S. Atlantic Coast, Charles W. Bangley, Michelle L. Edwards, Claire Mueller, Robert A. Fisher, Et Al
Environmental Associations Of Cownose Ray (Rhinoptera Bonasus) Seasonal Presence Along The U.S. Atlantic Coast, Charles W. Bangley, Michelle L. Edwards, Claire Mueller, Robert A. Fisher, Et Al
VIMS Articles
Identifying the mechanistic drivers of migration can be crucial in shaping conservation and management policies. The cownose ray (Rhinoptera bonasus) is a relatively poorly understood elasmobranch species that occurs along the U.S. Atlantic coast and undergoes large-scale seasonal migrations. To better understand the drivers and timing of cownose ray seasonal migration in order to inform potential management measures, we analyzed telemetry detections of 51 mature cownose rays (38 female, 13 male) tagged with acoustic transmitters in the Maryland and Virginia portions of Chesapeake Bay. Detections within their summer habitat in Chesapeake Bay and winter habitat in the vicinity …
Penaeid Shrimp In Chesapeake Bay: Population Growth And Black Gill Disease Syndrome, Troy D. Tuckey, Jillian L. Swinford, Mary C. Fabrizio, Hamish J. Small, Jeffrey D. Shields
Penaeid Shrimp In Chesapeake Bay: Population Growth And Black Gill Disease Syndrome, Troy D. Tuckey, Jillian L. Swinford, Mary C. Fabrizio, Hamish J. Small, Jeffrey D. Shields
VIMS Articles
Since 1991, the number of penaeid shrimp occurring in Virginia waters of Chesapeake Bay has steadily increased, prompting an interest in developing a fishery. Although development of a shrimp fishery in the Chesapeake Bay region could bring economic benefits, the fishery may be hampered by the presence of a disease syndrome known as shrimp black gill (sBG). The objectives of our study were to (1) describe the spatial distribution and abundance patterns of shrimp in Chesapeake Bay, (2) relate relative abundance of shrimp to habitat characteristics, and (3) determine the presence and seasonality of sBG to better understand disease dynamics …
A Subtropical Nudibranch, Polycera Hummi (Abbott 1952), Described For The First Time From Virginia, Wissan A. Jawad, Stacy A. Kruger-Hadfield, Paige G. Ross
A Subtropical Nudibranch, Polycera Hummi (Abbott 1952), Described For The First Time From Virginia, Wissan A. Jawad, Stacy A. Kruger-Hadfield, Paige G. Ross
VIMS Articles
We collected an individual Polycera hummi, a subtropical nudibranch, in association with a green macroalga Ulva sp. from an intertidal oyster reef in Burtons Bay, Wachapreague, VA. The established range of P. hummi is based solely on a handful of records from Mississippi and Florida in the Gulf of Mexico and the Carolinas in the Atlantic Ocean. This finding marks the highest latitude that this species has been found, 350 km north of its previously established range from Mississippi to Beaufort, NC. We observed the individual actively navigate the Ulva thallus which had encrusting bryozoans (unidentified genus) and arborescent …
Cloud Shadows Drive Vertical Migrations Of Deep-Dwelling Marine Life, Melissa Omand, Deborah K. Steinberg, Karen Stamieszkin
Cloud Shadows Drive Vertical Migrations Of Deep-Dwelling Marine Life, Melissa Omand, Deborah K. Steinberg, Karen Stamieszkin
VIMS Articles
Our study provides evidence that, in addition to diel vertical migration, zooplankton residing at >300-m depth during the day perform high-frequency, vertical migrations due to light modulation by clouds. Using a water-following framework and measurements and modeling of the twilight zone light field, we isolated the detailed phototactic response and show that some twilight zone animals are considerably more active than previously thought, with a cumulative distance traveled of more than one-third of that for diel migration. The increased movement increases predation risk and has implications for the metabolic requirements of these animals in the food-limited deep sea.
Seagrass Recovery Following Marine Heat Wave Influences Sediment Carbon Stocks, Lillian R. Aoki, Karen J. Mcglathery, Patricia L. Wiberg, Matthew P. J. Oreska, Amelie C. Berger, Peter Berg, Robert J. Orth
Seagrass Recovery Following Marine Heat Wave Influences Sediment Carbon Stocks, Lillian R. Aoki, Karen J. Mcglathery, Patricia L. Wiberg, Matthew P. J. Oreska, Amelie C. Berger, Peter Berg, Robert J. Orth
VIMS Articles
Worldwide, seagrass meadows accumulate significant stocks of organic carbon (C),known as “blue” carbon, which can remain buried for decades to centuries. However,when seagrass meadows are disturbed, these C stocks may be remineralized, leading to significant CO2 emissions. Increasing ocean temperatures, and increasing frequency and severity of heat waves, threaten seagrass meadows and their sediment blue C. To date, no study has directly measured the impact of seagrass declines from high temperatures on sediment C stocks. Here, we use a long-term record of sediment C stocks from a 7-km2, restored eelgrass (Zostera marina) meadow to show that seagrass dieback following a …
Toward A Better Understanding Of Fish‐Based Contribution To Ocean Carbon Flux, Grace K. Saba, Adrian B. Burd, John P. Dunne, (...), Deborah K. Steinberg, Et Al
Toward A Better Understanding Of Fish‐Based Contribution To Ocean Carbon Flux, Grace K. Saba, Adrian B. Burd, John P. Dunne, (...), Deborah K. Steinberg, Et Al
VIMS Articles
Fishes are the dominant vertebrates in the ocean, yet we know little of their contribution to carbon export flux at regional to global scales. We synthesize the existing information on fish‐based carbon flux in coastal and pelagic waters, identify gaps and challenges in measuring this flux and approaches to address them, and recommend research priorities. Based on our synthesis of passive (fecal pellet sinking) and active (migratory) flux of fishes, we estimated that fishes contribute an average (± standard deviation) of about 16.1% (± 13%) to total carbon flux out of the euphotic zone. Using the mean value of model‐generated …
Rhodomonas Pe545 Fluorescence Is Increased By Glycerol, Chanoknard Karnjanapak, I-Shuo Huang, Preyanut Jaroensuk, Et Al
Rhodomonas Pe545 Fluorescence Is Increased By Glycerol, Chanoknard Karnjanapak, I-Shuo Huang, Preyanut Jaroensuk, Et Al
VIMS Articles
Phycobilins are photosynthetic pigments found in three ecologically important groups of algae: cyanobacte- ria, red algae, and cryptophytes. These compounds are covalently attached to proteins, which can be technically difficult to analyze compared with other photosynthetic pigments (e.g., chlorophylls and carotenoids). In this study, glycerol was demonstrated to uncouple PE545 (phycoerythrin 545), the phycobilin complex of Rhodomonas spp., from its role as a light-harvesting pigment: the fluorescence signal was increased 15–34 times, and ETR (electron transport rate) was no longer light-dependent at high light intensities. Glycerol induced fluorescence provided a simple and inexpensive protocol to ascertain the pool size of …
Seasonal Resource Pulses And The Foraging Depth Of A Southern Ocean Top Predator, Roxanne S. Beltran, A. Marm Kilpatrick, Greg A. Breed, (...), Walker O. Smith Jr., Et Al
Seasonal Resource Pulses And The Foraging Depth Of A Southern Ocean Top Predator, Roxanne S. Beltran, A. Marm Kilpatrick, Greg A. Breed, (...), Walker O. Smith Jr., Et Al
VIMS Articles
Seasonal resource pulses can have enormous impacts on species interactions. In marine ecosystems, air-breathing predators often drive their prey to deeper waters. However, it is unclear how ephemeral resource pulses such as near-surface phytoplankton blooms alter the vertical trade-off between predation avoidance and resource availability in consumers, and how these changes cascade to the diving behaviour of top predators. We integrated data on Weddell seal diving behaviour, diet stable isotopes, feeding success and mass gain to examine shifts in vertical foraging throughout ice break-out and the resulting phytoplankton bloom each year. We also tested hypotheses about the likely location of …
Living Shorelines Achieve Functional Equivalence To Natural Fringe Marshes Across Multiple Ecological Metrics, Robert Isdell, Donna M. Bilkovic, Amanda Guthrie, Molly Mitchell, Randolph M. Chambers, Matthias Leu, Carl Hershner
Living Shorelines Achieve Functional Equivalence To Natural Fringe Marshes Across Multiple Ecological Metrics, Robert Isdell, Donna M. Bilkovic, Amanda Guthrie, Molly Mitchell, Randolph M. Chambers, Matthias Leu, Carl Hershner
VIMS Articles
Nature-based shoreline protection provides a welcome class of adaptations to promote ecological resilience in the face of climate change. Along coastlines, living shorelines are among the preferred adaptation strategies to both reduce erosion and provide ecological functions. As an alternative to shoreline armoring, living shorelines are viewed favorably among coastal managers and some private property owners, but they have yet to undergo a thorough examination of how their levels of ecosystem functions compare to their closest natural counterpart: fringing marshes. Here, we provide a synthesis of results from a multi-year, large-spatial-scale study in which we compared numerous ecological metrics (including …
Saved By The Shell: Oyster Reefs Can Shield Juvenile Blue Crabs Callinectes Sapidus, Katherine S. Longmire, Rochelle D. Seitz, Alison Smith, Romuald N. Lipcius
Saved By The Shell: Oyster Reefs Can Shield Juvenile Blue Crabs Callinectes Sapidus, Katherine S. Longmire, Rochelle D. Seitz, Alison Smith, Romuald N. Lipcius
VIMS Articles
Juvenile blue crabs Callinectes sapidus use seagrass and other structured habitats as refuges from predation. Oyster reef habitats provide structural complexity that may offer refuge, but the value of these habitats for juvenile blue crabs has not been examined. We quantified survival of juvenile C. sapidus in structured oyster reef habitat versus unstructured soft-bottom habitat. In a field tethering experiment in the York River, lower Chesapeake Bay (USA), juvenile C.sapidus (10−50 mm carapace width [CW]) were tethered in sand (n = 40) or oyster reef (n = 39)habitats at subtidal sites 1−2 m deep. An underwater camera system was used …
Methods For Identifying Species Complexes Using A Novel Suite Of Multivariate Approaches And Multiple Data Sources: A Case Study With Gulf Of Alaska Rockfish, Kristen L. Omori, Cindy A. Tribuzo, Elizabeth A. Babcock, John M. Hoenig
Methods For Identifying Species Complexes Using A Novel Suite Of Multivariate Approaches And Multiple Data Sources: A Case Study With Gulf Of Alaska Rockfish, Kristen L. Omori, Cindy A. Tribuzo, Elizabeth A. Babcock, John M. Hoenig
VIMS Articles
International and national laws governing the management of living marine resources generally require specification of harvest limits. To assist with the management of data-limited species, stocks are often grouped into complexes and assessed and managed as a single unit. The species that comprise a complex should have similar life history, susceptibility to the fishing gear, and spatial distribution, such that common management measures will likely lead to sustainable harvest of all species in the complex. However, forming complexes to meet these standards is difficult due to the lack of basic biological or fisheries data to inform estimates of biological vulnerability …
Wap-1d-Var V1.0: Development And Evaluation Of A One-Dimensional Variational Data Assimilation Model For The Marine Ecosystem Along The West Antarctic Peninsula, Hyewon Heather Kim, Ya-Wei Luo, Hugh W. Ducklow, Oscar M. Schofield, Deborah K. Steinberg, Scott C. Doney
Wap-1d-Var V1.0: Development And Evaluation Of A One-Dimensional Variational Data Assimilation Model For The Marine Ecosystem Along The West Antarctic Peninsula, Hyewon Heather Kim, Ya-Wei Luo, Hugh W. Ducklow, Oscar M. Schofield, Deborah K. Steinberg, Scott C. Doney
VIMS Articles
The West Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) is a rapidlywarming region, with substantial ecological and biogeochemical responses to the observed change and variability for the past decades, revealed by multidecadal observations
from the Palmer Antarctica Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) program. The wealth of these long-term observations provides an important resource for ecosystem modeling, but there has been a lack of focus on the development of numerical models that simulate time-evolving plankton dynamics over the austral growth season along the coastal WAP. Here, we introduce a one dimensional variational data assimilation planktonic ecosystem model (i.e., the WAP-1D-VAR v1.0 model) equipped with a model …