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- Age−frequency distribution; Age−length key; Arctica islandica; Ocean quahog; Recruitment (1)
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- CLIMATE-CHANGE MITIGATION; ECOSYSTEM DEVELOPMENT; COASTAL WETLANDS; KEEP PACE; FORESTS; ACCRETION; MARSHES; REHABILITATION; SEDIMENTATION; VULNERABILITY (1)
- CO2 system; Mertz Polynya; East Antarctica; glacier calving; ocean sink for CO2 (1)
- Callinectes sapidus; Incidence; Infection; Life cycle; Parasite (1)
- Chemical Analysis; Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy; Oyster; Crassostrea Virginica; Glycogen Concentration; Freeze-Dry (1)
- Chesapeake Bay (1)
- Climate change (1)
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- Crabs; diagnostics; diseases; electron microscopy; field collections; histolopathology; lobsters; pathogens; shrimps (1)
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- DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; COASTAL WATERS; ANOXIC WATERS; RIVER ESTUARY; CO2 SYSTEM; BIOGEOCHEMICAL PROCESSES; INDUCED DESTRATIFICATION; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; DIOXIDE SYSTEM (1)
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- EARLY-WARNING SIGNALS; CRITICAL TRANSITIONS; WETLAND STABILITY; TIPPING POINT; SALT MARSHES; ECOSYSTEMS; COLLAPSE; SHIFTS; THRESHOLDS; RESILIENCE (1)
- Eutrophication (1)
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- GUADIANA RIVER-BASIN; WATER FISH INTRODUCTIONS; IBERIAN PENINSULA; CHANNEL CATFISH; FRESH-WATERS; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; PORTUGAL; BIODIVERSITY; DISPERSAL; SELECTION (1)
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Articles 1 - 30 of 46
Full-Text Articles in Marine Biology
Comparison Of Age-Frequency Distributions For Ocean Quahogs Arctica Islandica On The Western Atlantic Us Continental Shelf, Sara M. Pace, Eric N. Powell, Roger L. Mann, M. Chase Long
Comparison Of Age-Frequency Distributions For Ocean Quahogs Arctica Islandica On The Western Atlantic Us Continental Shelf, Sara M. Pace, Eric N. Powell, Roger L. Mann, M. Chase Long
VIMS Articles
Geographic differences in the age structure of 4 populations of ocean quahogs Arctica islandica throughout the range of the stock within the US exclusive economic zone were examined. The ages of animals fully recruited to the commercial fishery (≥80 mm shell length) were estimated using annual growth lines in the hinge plate. The observed age frequency from each site was used to develop an age−length key enabling reconstruction of the population age frequency for the site. Within-site variability was high for both age-at-length and length-at-age; a single age−length key could not be applied and would not result in accurate age …
Collection Techniques For The Analyses Of Pathogens In Crustaceans, Jeffrey D. Shields
Collection Techniques For The Analyses Of Pathogens In Crustaceans, Jeffrey D. Shields
VIMS Articles
Outbreaks of diseases have been reported from a number of ecologically or commercially important crustaceans in tropical, temperature, and boreal waters. The etiology of a disease is often unknown prior to these outbreaks and the effect of the pathogen on the host population is poorly understood. Various techniques can be used to collect, identify, and monitor host populations for pathogens. These include classical methods, such as visual or histological assessment, to more refined techniques, such as simple and quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays. The strengths and weaknesses of the different methods are presented as well as some general guidelines for …
Tidal Habitats Support Large Numbers Of Invasive Blue Catfish In A Chesapeake Bay Subestuary, Troy D. Tuckey, Mary C. Fabrizio, Robert J. Latour, Alicia J. Norris, Gary C. White
Tidal Habitats Support Large Numbers Of Invasive Blue Catfish In A Chesapeake Bay Subestuary, Troy D. Tuckey, Mary C. Fabrizio, Robert J. Latour, Alicia J. Norris, Gary C. White
VIMS Articles
The introduction of a non-native freshwater fish, blue catfish Ictalurus furcatus, in tributaries of Chesapeake Bay resulted in the establishment of fisheries and in the expansion of the population into brackish habitats. Blue catfish are an invasive species in the Chesapeake Bay region, and efforts are underway to limit their impacts on native communities. Key characteristics of the population (population size, survival rates) are unknown, but such knowledge is useful in understanding the impact of blue catfish in estuarine systems. We estimated population size and survival rates of blue catfish in tidal habitats of the James River subestuary. We tagged …
Understanding Changes In Seagrass Communities, Sarah Nuss, Celeste Venolia
Understanding Changes In Seagrass Communities, Sarah Nuss, Celeste Venolia
VIMS Articles
Seagrass is an incredibly valuable habitat in the Chesapeake Bay. Students will use mock seagrass patches, modeled after a research transect along Goodwin Island, Virginia, to analyze change in seagrass percent cover during, and following, a major die-off event in 2010. Students also analyze water quality graphs from the same time period to help them determine why the die-off may have occurred.
New Insight Into The Transmission Dynamics Of The Crustacean Pathogen Hematodinium Perezi (Dinoflagellata) Using A Novel Sentinel Methodology, Jeffrey D. Shields, Juan Pablo Huchin-Mian Huchin-Mian, Pattie A. O’Leary, Hamish J. Small
New Insight Into The Transmission Dynamics Of The Crustacean Pathogen Hematodinium Perezi (Dinoflagellata) Using A Novel Sentinel Methodology, Jeffrey D. Shields, Juan Pablo Huchin-Mian Huchin-Mian, Pattie A. O’Leary, Hamish J. Small
VIMS Articles
Hematodinium perezi causes disease and mortality in several decapod crustaceans along the eastern seaboard and Gulf coast of the USA. The route of transmission of the parasite is unknown, but infections exhibit a sharp seasonal cycle in its primary host, the blue crab Callinectes sapidus, that indicates the possibility of a short transmission period in its life cycle. We developed a sentinel methodology based on the use of naïve, uninfected, early benthic juvenile crabs (instars C1 to C10) to investigate the transmission of H. perezi. Crabs were collected from a non-endemic site, held for a short period for evaluation, and …
Submersed Aquatic Vegetation In Chesapeake Bay: Sentinel Species In A Changing World, R J. Orth, William C. Dennison, Jonathan S. Lefcheck, Cassie Gurbisz, Michael Hannam, Jennifer Keisman, J. Brooke Landry, Ken Moore, Rebecca R. Murphy, Christopher J. Patrick, Jeremy Testa, Donald E. Weller, David J. Wilcox
Submersed Aquatic Vegetation In Chesapeake Bay: Sentinel Species In A Changing World, R J. Orth, William C. Dennison, Jonathan S. Lefcheck, Cassie Gurbisz, Michael Hannam, Jennifer Keisman, J. Brooke Landry, Ken Moore, Rebecca R. Murphy, Christopher J. Patrick, Jeremy Testa, Donald E. Weller, David J. Wilcox
VIMS Articles
Chesapeake Bay has undergone profound changes since European settlement. Increases in human and livestock populations, associated changes in land use, increases in nutrient loadings, shoreline armoring, and depletion of fish stocks have altered the important habitats within the Bay. Submersed aquatic vegetation (SAV) is a critical foundational habitat and provides numerous benefits and services to society. In Chesapeake Bay, SAV species are also indicators of environmental change because of their sensitivity to water quality and shoreline development. As such, SAV has been deeply integrated into regional regulations and annual assessments of management outcomes, restoration efforts, the scientific literature, and popular …
Satellite Tracking And Site Fidelity Of Short Ocean Sunfish, Mola Ramsayi, In The Galapagos Islands, Tierney M. Thys, Alex R. Hearn, Kevin C. Weng, John P. Ryan, César A Peñaherrera-Palm
Satellite Tracking And Site Fidelity Of Short Ocean Sunfish, Mola Ramsayi, In The Galapagos Islands, Tierney M. Thys, Alex R. Hearn, Kevin C. Weng, John P. Ryan, César A Peñaherrera-Palm
VIMS Articles
Ocean sunfishes, with their peculiar morphology, large size, and surface habits, are valuable assets in ecotourism destinations worldwide. This study investigates site fidelity and long-range movements of short ocean sunfish, Mola ramsayi (Giglioli 1883), at Punta Vicente Roca (PVR) off Isabela Island in the Galapagos Islands. Five individuals were tracked between 32 and 733 days using ultrasonic receivers and transmitters. Two of the 5 were also tracked with towed pop-off satellite tags. One travelled to the equatorial front covering 2700 km in 53 days, with dive depths in the upper 360 m at temperatures between 9.2°C and 22°C. During its …
Role Of Habitat And Predators In Maintaining Functional Diversity Of Estuarine Bivalves, Cassandra N. Glaspie, Rochell D. Seitz
Role Of Habitat And Predators In Maintaining Functional Diversity Of Estuarine Bivalves, Cassandra N. Glaspie, Rochell D. Seitz
VIMS Articles
Habitat loss is occurring rapidly in coastal systems worldwide. In Chesapeake Bay, USA, most historical oyster reefs have been decimated, and seagrass loss is expected to worsen due to climate warming and nutrient pollution. This loss of habitat may result in declining diversity, but whether diversity loss will equate to loss in ecosystem function is unknown. A bivalve survey was conducted in a variety of habitat types (seagrass, oyster shell, shell hash, coarse sand, detrital mud) in 3 lower Chesapeake Bay sub-estuaries from spring 2012 through summer 2013 to examine the correlation between bivalve densities, habitat type, habitat volume (of …
Climate Change Impacts On Southern Ross Sea Phytoplankton Composition, Productivity, And Export, Daniel E. Kaufman, Marjorie A. M. Friedrichs, Walker O. Smith Jr., Eileen E. Hofmann, Michael S. Dinniman, John C. P. Hemmings
Climate Change Impacts On Southern Ross Sea Phytoplankton Composition, Productivity, And Export, Daniel E. Kaufman, Marjorie A. M. Friedrichs, Walker O. Smith Jr., Eileen E. Hofmann, Michael S. Dinniman, John C. P. Hemmings
VIMS Articles
The Ross Sea, a highly productive region of the Southern Ocean, is expected to experience warming during the next century along with reduced summer sea ice concentrations and shallower mixed layers. This study investigates how these climatic changes may alter phytoplankton assemblage composition, primary productivity, and export. Glider measurements are used to force a one-dimensional biogeochemical model, which includes diatoms and both solitary and colonial forms of Phaeocystis antarctica. Model performance is evaluated with glider observations, and experiments are conducted using projections of physical drivers for mid-21st and late-21st century. These scenarios reveal a 5% increase in primary productivity …
Oyster (Crassostrea Virginica [Gmelin, 1791]) Mortality At Prolonged Exposures To High Temperature And Low Salinity, Melissa Southworth, M. Chase Long, Roger L. Mann
Oyster (Crassostrea Virginica [Gmelin, 1791]) Mortality At Prolonged Exposures To High Temperature And Low Salinity, Melissa Southworth, M. Chase Long, Roger L. Mann
VIMS Articles
Mortality of two size classes (35 mm) of eastern oysters Crassostrea virginica when exposed to combinations of low salinity (1, 2, 3, and 4) for extended periods (up to 30 days) at summer water temperatures typical of the Virginia Chesapeake Bay subestuaries was examined. A critical salinity-temperature combination of less than two at greater than 28 degrees C for more than 1 wk exposure for oyster mortality is suggested. A review of limited historical salinity-temperature tolerance data suggest selection of local populations of oysters having differing salinity tolerances. Such selection may prove critical to persistence of low-salinity populations in the …
Mutualism Between Ribbed Mussels And Cordgrass Enhances Salt Marsh Nitrogen Removal, Donna M. Bilkovic, Molly Mitchell, Robert E. Isdell, Matthew Schliep, Ashley R. Smyth
Mutualism Between Ribbed Mussels And Cordgrass Enhances Salt Marsh Nitrogen Removal, Donna M. Bilkovic, Molly Mitchell, Robert E. Isdell, Matthew Schliep, Ashley R. Smyth
VIMS Articles
Salt marsh ecosystems have declined globally and are increasingly threatened by erosion, sea level rise, and urban development. These highly productive, physically demanding ecosystems are populated by core species groups that often have strong trophic interactions with implications for ecosystem function and service provision. Positive interactions occur between ribbed mussels (Geukensia demissa) and cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora). Mussels transfer particulate nitrogen from the water column to the marsh sediments, which stimulates cordgrass growth, and cordgrass provides predator and/or heat stress refuge for mussels. Here, we test mussel facilitation of two functions in salt marshes that relate to N removal: microbial denitrification …
Population And Reproductive Biology Of The Channeled Whelk, Busycotypus Canaliculatus, In The Us Mid-Atlantic, Robert A. Fisher, David Rudders
Population And Reproductive Biology Of The Channeled Whelk, Busycotypus Canaliculatus, In The Us Mid-Atlantic, Robert A. Fisher, David Rudders
VIMS Articles
Channeled whelks, Busycotypus canaliculatus, support commercial fisheries throughout their range along the US Atlantic seaboard. Given the modest amounts of published information available on channeled whelk, this study focuses on understanding the temporal and spatial variations in growth and reproductive biology in the Mid-Atlantic region. Channeled whelks were sampled from three inshore commercially harvested resource areas in the US Mid-Atlantic: Ocean City, MD (OC); Eastern Shore of Virginia (ES); and Virginia Beach, VA (VB). The largest whelk measured 230-mm shell length (SL) and was recorded from OC. Mean SL was largest in OC site (158.1 mm), followed by ES (137.6 …
Preliminary Estimate Of Contribution Of Arctic Nitrogen Fixation To The Global Nitrogen Budget, Rachel E. Sipler, Donglai Gong, Se Baer, Mp Sanderson, Qn Roberts, M Mulholland, Da Bronk
Preliminary Estimate Of Contribution Of Arctic Nitrogen Fixation To The Global Nitrogen Budget, Rachel E. Sipler, Donglai Gong, Se Baer, Mp Sanderson, Qn Roberts, M Mulholland, Da Bronk
VIMS Articles
Dinitrogen (N-2) fixation is the source of all biologically available nitrogen on earth, and its presence or absence impacts net primary production and global biogeochemical cycles. Here, we report rates of 3.5-17.2 nmol N L-1 d(-1) in the ice-free coastal Alaskan Arctic to show that N-2 fixation in the Arctic Ocean may be an important source of nitrogen to a seasonally nitrogen-limited system. If widespread in surface waters over ice-free shelves throughout the Arctic, N-2 fixation could contribute up to 3.5 Tg N yr(-1) to the Arctic nitrogen budget. At these rates, N-2 fixation occurring in ice-free summer waters would …
Redox Reactions And Weak Buffering Capacity Lead To Acidification In The Chesapeake Bay, Wei-Jun Cai, Wei-Jen Huang, George W. Luther Iii, Denis Pierrot, Ming Li, Jeremy Testa, Ming Xue, Andrew Joesoef, Roger L. Mann, Jean Brodeur, Yuan-Yuan Xu, Baoshan Chen, Najid Hussain, George G. Waldbusser, Jeffery Cornwell, W. Michael Kemp
Redox Reactions And Weak Buffering Capacity Lead To Acidification In The Chesapeake Bay, Wei-Jun Cai, Wei-Jen Huang, George W. Luther Iii, Denis Pierrot, Ming Li, Jeremy Testa, Ming Xue, Andrew Joesoef, Roger L. Mann, Jean Brodeur, Yuan-Yuan Xu, Baoshan Chen, Najid Hussain, George G. Waldbusser, Jeffery Cornwell, W. Michael Kemp
VIMS Articles
The combined effects of anthropogenic and biological CO2 inputs may lead to more rapid acidification in coastal waters compared to the open ocean. It is less clear, however, how redox reactions would contribute to acidification. Here we report estuarine acidification dynamics based on oxygen, hydrogen sulfide (H2S), pH, dissolved inorganic carbon and total alkalinity data from the Chesapeake Bay, where anthropogenic nutrient inputs have led to eutrophication, hypoxia and anoxia, and low pH. We show that a pH minimum occurs in mid-depths where acids are generated as a result of H2S oxidation in waters mixed upward from the anoxic depths. …
Microbial Community Response To Terrestrially Derived Dissolved Organic Matter In The Coastal Arctic, Rachel E. Sipler, Colleen T. E. Kellogg, Tara L. Connelly, Qn Roberts, Patricia L. Yager, Deborah A. Bronk
Microbial Community Response To Terrestrially Derived Dissolved Organic Matter In The Coastal Arctic, Rachel E. Sipler, Colleen T. E. Kellogg, Tara L. Connelly, Qn Roberts, Patricia L. Yager, Deborah A. Bronk
VIMS Articles
Warming at nearly twice the global rate, higher than average air temperatures are the new 'normal' for Arctic ecosystems. This rise in temperature has triggered hydrological and geochemical changes that increasingly release carbon-rich water into the coastal ocean via increased riverine discharge, coastal erosion, and the thawing of the semipermanent permafrost ubiquitous in the region. To determine the biogeochemical impacts of terrestrially derived dissolved organic matter (tDOM) on marine ecosystems we compared the nutrient stocks and bacterial communities present under ice-covered and ice-free conditions, assessed the lability of Arctic tDOM to coastal microbial communities from the Chukchi Sea, and identified …
Human Indoor Exposure To Airborne Halogenated Flame Retardants: Influence Of Airborne Particle Size, M. J. La Guardia, Erika D. Schreder, Nancy Uding, Robert C. Hale
Human Indoor Exposure To Airborne Halogenated Flame Retardants: Influence Of Airborne Particle Size, M. J. La Guardia, Erika D. Schreder, Nancy Uding, Robert C. Hale
VIMS Articles
Inhalation of halogenated flame-retardants (HFRs) released from consumer products is an important route of exposure. However, not all airborne HFRs are respirable, and thus interact with vascular membranes within the gas exchange (alveolar) region of the lung. HFRs associated with large (> 4 mu m), inhalable airborne particulates are trapped on the mucosal lining of the respiratory tract and then are expelled or swallowed. The latter may contribute to internal exposure via desorption from particles in the digestive tract. Exposures may also be underestimated if personal activities that re-suspend particles into the breathing zone are not taken into account. Here, …
Contrasting Photo-Physiological Responses Of The Haptophyte Phaeocystis Antarctica And The Diatom Pseudonitzschia Sp. In The Ross Sea (Antarctica), Sasha Tozzi, Walker O. Smith Jr.
Contrasting Photo-Physiological Responses Of The Haptophyte Phaeocystis Antarctica And The Diatom Pseudonitzschia Sp. In The Ross Sea (Antarctica), Sasha Tozzi, Walker O. Smith Jr.
VIMS Articles
The Antarctic is a unique environment in which substantial variations in irradiance occur over a number of time scales, and as a result phytoplankton need to acclimate and adapt to these changes. We conducted field and laboratory manipulations in the Ross Sea, Antarctica to examine photophysiological differences between Phaeocystis antarctica and Pseudonitzschia sp. a diatom that commonly occurrs in the Ross Sea, since these are the two functional groups that dominate abundance and productivity. Both exhibited reduced quantum yields due to high irradiances. P. antarctica, a haptophyte, displays a distinct photophysiological response to irradiance when compared to diatoms. P. antarctica …
Mesozooplankton Graze On Cyanobacteria In The Amazon River Plume And Western Tropical North Atlantic, Bj Conroy, Deborah K. Steinberg, Bk Song, Et Al
Mesozooplankton Graze On Cyanobacteria In The Amazon River Plume And Western Tropical North Atlantic, Bj Conroy, Deborah K. Steinberg, Bk Song, Et Al
VIMS Articles
Diazotrophic cyanobacteria, those capable of fixing di-nitrogen (N2), are considered one of the major sources of new nitrogen (N) in the oligotrophic tropical ocean, but direct incorporation of diazotrophic N into food webs has not been fully examined. In the Amazon River-influenced western tropical North Atlantic (WTNA), diatom diazotroph associations (DDAs) and the filamentous colonial diazotrophs Trichodesmium have seasonally high abundances. We sampled epipelagic mesozooplankton in the Amazon River plume and WTNA in May-June 2010 to investigate direct grazing by mesozooplankton on two DDA populations: Richelia associated with Rhizosolenia diatoms (het-1) and Hemiaulus diatoms (het-2), and on Trichodesmium using highly …
Assessing The Impact Of Local And Regional Influences On Nitrogen Loads To Buzzards Bay, Ma, Shanna C. Williamson, Jennie E. Rheuban, Et Al
Assessing The Impact Of Local And Regional Influences On Nitrogen Loads To Buzzards Bay, Ma, Shanna C. Williamson, Jennie E. Rheuban, Et Al
VIMS Articles
Nitrogen and chlorophyll-a concentrations in estuarine systems often correlate positively with increased nitrogen input. To determine the interactions between nitrogen load, physical drivers, and water quality indicators, we estimated nitrogen inputs to 28 estuaries within the Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts (USA) watershed from 1985 to 2013. Estimates were derived by combining parcel specific wastewater disposal, point source wastewater discharge, land use, and atmospheric nitrogen deposition data with a previously verified nitrogen loading model. Linear regression analysis was used to quantify temporal trends in individual data sets and characterize relationships between variables. The land-use data indicated that fractional coverage of impervious surfaces …
Direct And Indirect Impacts Of Shoreline Development On Shallow-Water Benthic Communities In A Depauperate Estuarine System, Cassie D. Lovall, Rochelle D. Seitz, Kathleen E. Knick
Direct And Indirect Impacts Of Shoreline Development On Shallow-Water Benthic Communities In A Depauperate Estuarine System, Cassie D. Lovall, Rochelle D. Seitz, Kathleen E. Knick
VIMS Articles
Modification of natural coastlines is prevalent as human coastal populations swell and effects of global climate change become clearer. We investigated effects of shoreline hardening and environmental factors on benthic infauna and trophic structure in the Patuxent River, Maryland, a stressed mesohaline Chesapeake Bay tributary. We characterized differences in density, diversity, biomass, and trophic structure for large (>3 mm) and small (>500 μm) infauna adjacent to natural marsh, riprap, and bulkhead (i.e., seawall) shores throughout the river. Akaike information criterion model comparisons were used to assess the evidence for differences in benthic infaunal structure using primary (shoreline type) …
Valuing Ecosystem Services: Oysters, Denitrification, And Nutrient Trading Programs, Gs Depiper, Dw Lipton, Rn Lipcius
Valuing Ecosystem Services: Oysters, Denitrification, And Nutrient Trading Programs, Gs Depiper, Dw Lipton, Rn Lipcius
VIMS Articles
As part of their strategy to meet total maximum daily load restrictions in the Chesapeake Bay, managers have developed nutrient trading markets to curb nitrogen and phosphorus flows into the estuarine system. Historically, nutrient trading programs have been restricted to credits between point sources or for agricultural mitigation technologies, such as the planting of cover crops. However, the denitrification and nutrient sequestration associated with oyster reefs has recently been a topic of much biological research. We investigate the role that nutrient credits for ecosystem services provided by restored oyster reefs can play in optimally managing oyster reef complexes by developing …
A Synergistic Approach For Evaluating Climate Model Output For Ecological Applications, Rochelle Cavanaugh, Ej Murphy, Et Al, Walker O. Smith Jr., Et Al
A Synergistic Approach For Evaluating Climate Model Output For Ecological Applications, Rochelle Cavanaugh, Ej Murphy, Et Al, Walker O. Smith Jr., Et Al
VIMS Articles
Increasing concern about the impacts of climate change on ecosystems is prompting ecologists and ecosystem managers to seek reliable projections of physical drivers of change. The use of global climate models in ecology is growing, although drawing ecologically meaningful conclusions can be problematic. The expertise required to access and interpret output from climate and earth system models is hampering progress in utilizing them most effectively to determine the wider implications of climate change. To address this issue, we present a joint approach between climate scientists and ecologists that explores key challenges and opportunities for progress. As an exemplar, our focus …
Interactive Effects Of Elevated Temperature And Co2 On Nitrate, Urea, And Dissolved Inorganic Carbon Uptake By A Coastal California, Usa, Microbial Community, Jl Spackeen, Rachel E. Sipler, K Xu, Et Al, Da Bronk
Interactive Effects Of Elevated Temperature And Co2 On Nitrate, Urea, And Dissolved Inorganic Carbon Uptake By A Coastal California, Usa, Microbial Community, Jl Spackeen, Rachel E. Sipler, K Xu, Et Al, Da Bronk
VIMS Articles
Average global temperatures and carbon dioxide (CO2) levels are expected to increase in the coming decades. Implications for ocean ecosystems include shifts in microbial community structure and subsequent modifications to nutrient pathways. Studying how predicted future temperature and CO2 conditions will impact the biogeochemistry of the ocean is important because of the ocean’s role in regulating global climate. We determined how elevated temperature and CO2 affect uptake rates of nitrate, urea, and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) by 2 size classes (0.7-5.0 and >5.0 µm) of a microbial assemblage collected from coastal California, USA. This microbial community was incubated for 10 …
Differential Effects Of Bivalves On Sediment Nitrogen Cycling In A Shallow Coastal Bay, Ashley Smyth, Anna E. Murphy, Iris C. Anderson, Bk Song
Differential Effects Of Bivalves On Sediment Nitrogen Cycling In A Shallow Coastal Bay, Ashley Smyth, Anna E. Murphy, Iris C. Anderson, Bk Song
VIMS Articles
In coastal ecosystems, suspension-feeding bivalves can remove nitrogen though uptake and assimilation or enhanced denitrification. Bivalves may also retain nitrogen through increased mineralization and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA). This study investigated the effects of oyster reefs and clam aquaculture on denitrification, DNRA, and nutrient fluxes (NOx, NH4 6 +, O2). Core incubations were conducted seasonally on sediments adjacent to restored oyster reefs (Crassostrea virginica), clam aquaculture beds (Mercenaria mercenaria) which contained live clams, and bare sediments from Smith Island Bay, Virginia, USA. Denitrification was significantly higher at oyster reef sediments and clam aquaculture site than bare sediment in …
Forensic Reconstruction Of Ictalurus Punctatus Invasion Routes Using On-Line Fishermen Records, Filipe Banha, Ana Verissimo, Filipe Ribeiro, Anastacio Filipe
Forensic Reconstruction Of Ictalurus Punctatus Invasion Routes Using On-Line Fishermen Records, Filipe Banha, Ana Verissimo, Filipe Ribeiro, Anastacio Filipe
VIMS Articles
In this work, the presence of the channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus in the Portuguese section of the Guadiana drainage (Iberian Peninsula) is confirmed based on morphological and molecular species identification. The spatial and temporal dispersal of this non-native catfish was also reconstructed for the Guadiana drainage, based mostly on online fishermen records with minor contributions from the few scientific reports available. The obtained records (mainly from angling fora) span the period since the species' first reported presence in Iberia (1980s) up to the present, and support a westward invasion pattern of non-native fish (NNF) reported for the Iberian fish invasion …
Transmission Routes Maintaining A Viral Pathogen Of Steelhead Trout Within A Complex Multi-Host Assemblage, Rachel Breyta, Ilana Brito, Paige Ferguson, Gael Kurath, Kerry Naish, Maureen Purcell, Ar Wargo, Shannon Ladeau
Transmission Routes Maintaining A Viral Pathogen Of Steelhead Trout Within A Complex Multi-Host Assemblage, Rachel Breyta, Ilana Brito, Paige Ferguson, Gael Kurath, Kerry Naish, Maureen Purcell, Ar Wargo, Shannon Ladeau
VIMS Articles
This is the first comprehensive region wide, spatially explicit epidemiologic analysis of surveillance data of the aquatic viral pathogen infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) infecting native salmonid fish. The pathogen has been documented in the freshwater ecosystem of the Pacific Northwest of North America since the 1950s, and the current report describes the disease ecology of IHNV during 2000-2012. Prevalence of IHNV infection in monitored salmonid host cohorts ranged from 8% to 30%, with the highest levels observed in juvenile steelhead trout. The spatial distribution of all IHNV-infected cohorts was concentrated in two sub-regions of the study area, where historic …
Denitrification Potential Of The Eastern Oyster Microbiome Using A 16s Rrna Gene Based Metabolic Inference Approach, Ann Arfken, Bk Song, Jeff S. Bowman, Michael Piehler
Denitrification Potential Of The Eastern Oyster Microbiome Using A 16s Rrna Gene Based Metabolic Inference Approach, Ann Arfken, Bk Song, Jeff S. Bowman, Michael Piehler
VIMS Articles
The eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) is a foundation species providing significant ecosystem services. However, the roles of oyster microbiomes have not been integrated into any of the services, particularly nitrogen removal through denitrification. We investigated the composition and denitrification potential of oyster microbiomes with an approach that combined 16S rRNA gene analysis, metabolic inference, qPCR of the nitrous oxide reductase gene (nosZ), and N-2 flux measurements. Microbiomes of the oyster digestive gland, the oyster shell, and sediments adjacent to the oyster reef were examined based on next generation sequencing (NGS) of 16S rRNA gene amplicons. Denitrification potentials of the microbiomes …
Oyster Toadfish (Opsanus Tau) Boatwhistle Call Detection And Patterns Within A Large-Scale Oyster Restoration Site, Shannon W. Ricci, Delwayne R. Bohnenstiehl, David B. Eggleston, M. Lisa Kellogg, R. Patrick Lyon
Oyster Toadfish (Opsanus Tau) Boatwhistle Call Detection And Patterns Within A Large-Scale Oyster Restoration Site, Shannon W. Ricci, Delwayne R. Bohnenstiehl, David B. Eggleston, M. Lisa Kellogg, R. Patrick Lyon
VIMS Articles
During May 2015, passive acoustic recorders were deployed at eight subtidal oyster reefs within Harris Creek Oyster Sanctuary in Chesapeake Bay, Maryland USA. These sites were selected to represent both restored and unrestored habitats having a range of oyster densities. Throughout the survey, the soundscape within Harris Creek was dominated by the boatwhistle calls of the oyster toadfish, Opsanus tau. A novel, multi-kernel spectral correlation approach was developed to automatically detect these boatwhistle calls using their two lowest harmonic bands. The results provided quantitative information on how call rate and call frequency varied in space and time. Toadfish boatwhistle fundamental …
World Without Borders-Genetic Population Structure Of A Highly Migratory Marine Predator, The Blue Shark (Prionace Glauca), Ana Verssimo, Iris Sampaio, Jan Mcdowell, Paulo Alexandrino, Gonzalo Mucientes, Nuno Queiroz, Charlene Da Silva, Catherine S. Jones, Leslie R. Noble
World Without Borders-Genetic Population Structure Of A Highly Migratory Marine Predator, The Blue Shark (Prionace Glauca), Ana Verssimo, Iris Sampaio, Jan Mcdowell, Paulo Alexandrino, Gonzalo Mucientes, Nuno Queiroz, Charlene Da Silva, Catherine S. Jones, Leslie R. Noble
VIMS Articles
Highly migratory, cosmopolitan oceanic sharks often exhibit complex movement patterns influenced by ontogeny, reproduction, and feeding. These elusive species are particularly challenging to population genetic studies, as representative samples suitable for inferring genetic structure are difficult to obtain. Our study provides insights into the genetic population structure one of the most abundant and wide-ranging oceanic shark species, the blue shark Prionace glauca, by sampling the least mobile component of the populations, i.e., young-of-year and small juveniles (year; N = 348 individuals), at three reported nursery areas, namely, western Iberia, Azores, and South Africa. Samples were collected in two different time …
Vegetation Recovery In Tidal Marshes Reveals Critical Slowing Down Under Increased Inundation, Jim Van Belzen, Johan Van De Koppel, Matthew L. Kirwan, Daphne Van Der Wal, Peter M.J. Herman, Vasilis Dakos, Sonia Kefi, Marten Scheffer, Glenn R. Guntenspergen, Tjeerd J. Bouma
Vegetation Recovery In Tidal Marshes Reveals Critical Slowing Down Under Increased Inundation, Jim Van Belzen, Johan Van De Koppel, Matthew L. Kirwan, Daphne Van Der Wal, Peter M.J. Herman, Vasilis Dakos, Sonia Kefi, Marten Scheffer, Glenn R. Guntenspergen, Tjeerd J. Bouma
VIMS Articles
A declining rate of recovery following disturbance has been proposed as an important early warning for impending tipping points in complex systems. Despite extensive theoretical and laboratory studies, this 'critical slowing down' remains largely untested in the complex settings of real-world ecosystems. Here, we provide both observational and experimental support of critical slowing down along natural stress gradients in tidal marsh ecosystems. Time series of aerial images of European marsh development reveal a consistent lengthening of recovery time as inundation stress increases. We corroborate this finding with transplantation experiments in European and North American tidal marshes. In particular, our results …