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- Biological Sciences Peer-Reviewed Articles (15)
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- ACIPENSER-OXYRINCHUS; SUWANNEE RIVER; SOUTH-CAROLINA; GULF STURGEON; NORTH-AMERICA; LIFE-HISTORY; JAMES RIVER; MANAGEMENT; VIRGINIA; ESTUARY (1)
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- Boosted regression trees; Eubalaena; historical distribution; right whale; species distribution models; whaling (1)
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- Chlorophyll a · Primary production · Continental shelf · Stratification · Remote sensing · Empirical model (1)
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- Eastern North America; nitrogen export; climate change; land use; land-ocean interface (1)
- Estuarine systems · Young-of-the-year · Community composition · Temporalvariability · Ichthyoplankton · Middle Atlantic Bight (1)
- Eusociality; reproductive skew; reproductive conflict; reproductive suppression; sterility; totipotency (1)
- Functional diversity; gap analysis; marine-protected area; Mediterranean fishes; (1)
- GEORGES BANK; NORTHEAST ATLANTIC; DASYATIS SABINA; PISCES-RAJIDAE; FISH COMMUNITY; RAJA-CLAVATA; DIET; SHARK; COAST; FOOD (1)
- GRASSLAND COMMUNITIES; MULTIPLE FUNCTIONS; FUNCTIONAL-ROLE; FOOD-WEB; DIVERSITY; SERVICES; REDUNDANCY; IMPACTS (1)
- Growth rate; Ross Sea; Phytoplankton; Dilution method; C-14; Temperature (1)
- Hypoxia; vertical exchange time; DO consumption rate; nutrient loading; climate variation; estuary (1)
- IUCN RED LIST; EXTINCTION RISK; CHEILINUS-UNDULATUS; PROTECTED AREAS; HOME-RANGE; INTERNATIONAL-TRADE; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; SITE FIDELITY; FISHES (1)
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- Marine disease · Bonamia · Haplosporidia · Phylogeography · Ostrea stentina (1)
- MicroROV (1)
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- Oyster Restoration; Crassostrea Virginica; Remote Larval Setting; Artificial Reefs; Oyster Castles (1)
- Oyster; Shell Planting; Limestone; Cultch; Restoration; Recruitment; Surface Area (1)
Articles 1 - 30 of 35
Full-Text Articles in Marine Biology
Social Control Of Reproduction And Breeding Monopolization In The Eusocial Snapping Shrimp Synalpheus Elizabethae, Stc Chak, Dr Rubenstein, Je Duffy
Social Control Of Reproduction And Breeding Monopolization In The Eusocial Snapping Shrimp Synalpheus Elizabethae, Stc Chak, Dr Rubenstein, Je Duffy
VIMS Articles
Understanding why individuals within altruistic societies forgo reproduction to raise others' offspring has fascinated scientists since Darwin. Although worker polymorphism is thought to have evolved only in sterile workers, worker subcastes appear to be common among social invertebrates and vertebrates. We asked whether sterility accompanies eusociality and morphological differentiation in snapping shrimps (Synalpheus)-the only known marine eusocial group. We show that workers in Synalpheus elizabethae are reproductively totipotent and that female-but not male-gonadal development and mating are mediated by the presence of a queen, apparently without physical aggression. In queenless experimental colonies, a single immature female worker typically became ovigerous, …
Squidpops: A Simple Tool To Crowdsource A Global Map Of Marine Predation Intensity, J. Emmett Duffy, Shelby L. Zeigler, Justin E. Campbell, Paige M. Bippus, Jonathan S. Lefcheck
Squidpops: A Simple Tool To Crowdsource A Global Map Of Marine Predation Intensity, J. Emmett Duffy, Shelby L. Zeigler, Justin E. Campbell, Paige M. Bippus, Jonathan S. Lefcheck
VIMS Articles
We present a simple, standardized assay, the squidpop, for measuring the relative feeding intensity of generalist predators in aquatic systems. The assay consists of a 1.3-cm diameter disk of dried squid mantle tethered to a rod, which is either inserted in the sediment in soft-bottom habitats or secured to existing structure. Each replicate squidpop is scored as present or absent after 1 and 24 hours, and the data for analysis are proportions of replicate units consumed at each time. Tests in several habitats of the temperate southeastern USA (Virginia and North Carolina) and tropical Central America (Belize) confirmed the assay’s …
Modeling Estuarine Response To Load Reductions In A Warmer Climate: York River Estuary, Virginia, Usa, Samuel J. Lake, Mark Brush
Modeling Estuarine Response To Load Reductions In A Warmer Climate: York River Estuary, Virginia, Usa, Samuel J. Lake, Mark Brush
VIMS Articles
The impact of climate warming on shallow tributary estuaries will be influenced by the complex cycling of nutrients and organic matter, diversity of primary producers, and enhanced benthic-pelagic coupling typical of these systems, along with advection of nutrients, organic matter, and hypoxic water from adjacent systems. This study utilized a parsimonious, reduced-complexity model that combines mechanistic equations with robust, data-driven, empirical formulations to predict how phytoplankton net primary production (NPP), net ecosystem metabolism (NEM), and hypoxia will change under a range of warmer conditions in the York River Estuary, VA, USA, a sub-estuary of Chesapeake Bay. Modeled NPP peaked earlier …
Multitrophic Functional Diversity Predicts Ecosystem Functioning In Experimental Assemblages Of Estuarine Consumers, Js Lefcheck, Je Duffy
Multitrophic Functional Diversity Predicts Ecosystem Functioning In Experimental Assemblages Of Estuarine Consumers, Js Lefcheck, Je Duffy
VIMS Articles
The use of functional traits to explain how biodiversity affects ecosystem functioning has attracted intense interest, yet few studies have a priori altered functional diversity, especially in multitrophic communities. Here, we manipulated multivariate functional diversity of estuarine grazers and predators within multiple levels of species richness to test how species richness and functional diversity predicted ecosystem functioning in a multitrophic food web. Community functional diversity was a better predictor than species richness for the majority of ecosystem properties, based on generalized linear mixed-effects models. Combining inferences from eight traits into a single multivariate index increased prediction accuracy of these models …
Phylogeographic Perspective On The Distribution And Dispersal Of A Marine Pathogen, The Oyster Parasite Bonamia Exitiosa, Kristina M. Hill-Spanik, Jan Mcdowell, Kimberly S. Reece, Eugene M. Burreson, Ryan B. Carnegie
Phylogeographic Perspective On The Distribution And Dispersal Of A Marine Pathogen, The Oyster Parasite Bonamia Exitiosa, Kristina M. Hill-Spanik, Jan Mcdowell, Kimberly S. Reece, Eugene M. Burreson, Ryan B. Carnegie
VIMS Articles
The significance of infectious disease has intensified as our marine ecosystems are increasingly altered, with molluscan taxa being among the affected. One of the important pathogens to emerge in recent years, the oyster parasite Bonamia exitiosa,has a broad geographic distribution and has been found to infect a number of oyster species. In order to better understand how B. exitiosa achieved this wide distribution, a gene genealogy was constructed using internal transcribed spacer region ribosomal DNA sequencing data from across the host species range.The analysis revealed population structure in the form of 4 well-defined groups of sequences: 3corresponding to geographic regions …
Comparison Of Surface Chlorophyll, Primary Production, And Satellite Imagery In Hydrographically Different Sounds Off Southern New England, Lindsey Fields, Jeffrey Mercer, Kimberly Hyde, Mark Brush, Et Al
Comparison Of Surface Chlorophyll, Primary Production, And Satellite Imagery In Hydrographically Different Sounds Off Southern New England, Lindsey Fields, Jeffrey Mercer, Kimberly Hyde, Mark Brush, Et Al
VIMS Articles
Block Island Sound (BIS) and Rhode Island Sound (RIS) are adjacent inner continental shelf ecosystems with contrasting hydrographic regimes. BIS exhibits more energetic tidal mixing, and water column stratification remains weak but persists year-round due to nearby estuarine exchange flow; RIS is less influenced by estuaries, and more seasonal with strong stratification in summer. We compared annual cycles of phytoplankton biomass and primary production in BIS and RIS using measurements (surface chlorophyll, 14C primary production), primary production models (Webb/Platt and BZE models), and satellite ocean color products. During 22 mo of sampling, measured surface chlorophyll was not significantly different …
Roles Of Dispersal And Predation In Determining Seedling Recruitment Patterns In A Foundational Marine Angiosperm, Stephen R. Manley, Robert J. Orth, Leonardo Ruiz-Montoya
Roles Of Dispersal And Predation In Determining Seedling Recruitment Patterns In A Foundational Marine Angiosperm, Stephen R. Manley, Robert J. Orth, Leonardo Ruiz-Montoya
VIMS Articles
: Seed dispersal and seed predation are 2 important processes in the early life history of plants. These mechanisms have been described extensively in terrestrial plants and have resulted in the creation of various models to describe seedling recruitment with increasing distance from the parent plant. However, it is unclear whether theoretical models derived from terrestrial studies apply to marine angiosperms. We performed observational and experimental tests of seed dispersal mechanisms in a marine environment to elucidate patterns of seed dispersal and predation in a foundational marine angiosperm, eelgrass Zostera marina. We also modeled seed dispersal and predation to explore …
Historical Summer Distribution Of The Endangered North Atlantic Right Whale (Eubalaena Glacialis): A Hypothesis Based On Environmental Preferences Of A Congeneric Species, Sophie Monserrat, Maria G. Pennino, Tim D. Smith, Randall R. Reeves, Christine N. Meynard, David M. Kaplan, Ana S.L. Rodrigues
Historical Summer Distribution Of The Endangered North Atlantic Right Whale (Eubalaena Glacialis): A Hypothesis Based On Environmental Preferences Of A Congeneric Species, Sophie Monserrat, Maria G. Pennino, Tim D. Smith, Randall R. Reeves, Christine N. Meynard, David M. Kaplan, Ana S.L. Rodrigues
VIMS Articles
Aim: To obtain a plausible hypothesis for the historical distribution of North Atlantic right whales (NARWs) (Eubalaena glacialis) in their summer feeding grounds. Previously widespread in the North Atlantic, after centuries of hunt- ing, these whales survive as a small population off eastern North America. Because their exploitation began before formal records started, information about their historical distribution is fragmentary.
Composition And Temporal Patterns Of Larval Fish Communities In Chesapeake And Delaware Bays, Usa, Filipe Ribeiro, Edward Hale, Eric J. Hilton, Todd R. Clardy, Alison L. Deary, Timothy E. Targett, John E. Olney
Composition And Temporal Patterns Of Larval Fish Communities In Chesapeake And Delaware Bays, Usa, Filipe Ribeiro, Edward Hale, Eric J. Hilton, Todd R. Clardy, Alison L. Deary, Timothy E. Targett, John E. Olney
VIMS Articles
Comparing larval fish assemblages in different estuaries provides insights about the coastal distribution of larval populations, larval transport, and adult spawning locations. We simultaneously compared the larval fish assemblages entering 2 Middle Atlantic Bight (MAB) estuaries(Delaware Bay and Chesapeake Bay, USA) through weekly sampling from 2007 to 2009. In total,43 taxa (32 families) and 36 taxa (24 families) were collected in Delaware and Chesapeake Bays,respectively. Mean taxonomic diversity, mean richness, and evenness were generally lower in Delaware Bay. Communities of both bays were dominated by Anchoaspp., Gobiosomaspp.,Micropogonias undulatus, and Brevoortia tyrannus; Paralichthys spp. was more abundant in Delaware Bay and …
Estimating The Effects Of Seawater Intrusion On An Estuarine Nitrogen Cycle By Comparative Network Analysis, David E. Hines, Jessica A. Lisa, Bk Song, Craig R. Tobias, Stuart R. Borrett
Estimating The Effects Of Seawater Intrusion On An Estuarine Nitrogen Cycle By Comparative Network Analysis, David E. Hines, Jessica A. Lisa, Bk Song, Craig R. Tobias, Stuart R. Borrett
VIMS Articles
Nitrogen (N) removal from estuaries is driven in part by sedimentary microbial processes. The processes of denitrification and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) remove N from estuaries by producing N2 gas, and each can be coupled to N recycling pathways such as nitrification and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA). Environmental conditions such as seawater intrusion influence sedimentary estuarine N cycling processes. This study investigated the potential effects of seawater intrusion on N cycling processes and their couplings through a comparative modeling approach. We applied environ analysis, a form of ecosystem network analysis, to 2 N cycling mass-balance network models …
Trophic Transfer In Seagrass Systems: Estimating Seasonal Production Of An Abundant Seagrass Fish, Bairdiella Chrysoura, In Lower Chesapeake Bay, Kathryn L. Sobocinski, Robert J. Latour
Trophic Transfer In Seagrass Systems: Estimating Seasonal Production Of An Abundant Seagrass Fish, Bairdiella Chrysoura, In Lower Chesapeake Bay, Kathryn L. Sobocinski, Robert J. Latour
VIMS Articles
Silver perch Bairdiella chrysoura is a seasonally abundant fish in lower Chesapeake Bay seagrass habitats. Young-of-the-year fish recruit to these habitats in June and rear for the remainder of the summer before migrating to deeper habitats in the Bay and offshore as seawater cools in the fall. This species has been shown to be abundant in seagrass habitats, yet like many fishes in these habitats, little is known about its growth and production, and thus the contribution of this habitat type to overall production. We developed a bioenergetics model to estimate individual silver perch growth and calibrated this model using …
Representing Taxonomic, Phylogenetic And Functional Diversity: New Challenges For Mediterranean Marine-Protected Areas, Francois Guilhaumon, Camille Albouy, Et Al, Christine N. Meynard
Representing Taxonomic, Phylogenetic And Functional Diversity: New Challenges For Mediterranean Marine-Protected Areas, Francois Guilhaumon, Camille Albouy, Et Al, Christine N. Meynard
VIMS Articles
To assess gaps in the representation of taxonomic, phylogenetic and func- tional diversity among coastal fishes in Mediterranean marine-protected areas (MPAs).
Anthropogenic Controls On Overwash Deposition: Evidence And Consequences, Laura J. Rogers, Laura J. Moore, Evan B. Goldstein, Christopher J. Hein, Jorge Lorenzo-Trueba, Andrew D. Ashton
Anthropogenic Controls On Overwash Deposition: Evidence And Consequences, Laura J. Rogers, Laura J. Moore, Evan B. Goldstein, Christopher J. Hein, Jorge Lorenzo-Trueba, Andrew D. Ashton
VIMS Articles
Accelerated sea level rise and the potential for an increase in frequency of the most intense hurricanes due to climate change threaten the vitality and habitability of barrier islands by lowering their relative elevation and altering frequency of overwash. High-density development may further increase island vulnerability by restricting delivery of overwash to the subaerial island. We analyzed pre-Hurricane Sandy and post-Hurricane Sandy (2012) lidar surveys of the New Jersey coast to assess human influence on barrier overwash, comparing natural environments to two developed environments (commercial and residential) using shore-perpendicular topographic profiles. The volumes of overwash delivered to residential and commercial …
Phytoplankton Growth Rates In The Ross Sea, Antarctica, Anna F. Mosby, Walker O. Smith Jr.
Phytoplankton Growth Rates In The Ross Sea, Antarctica, Anna F. Mosby, Walker O. Smith Jr.
VIMS Articles
The Ross Sea is a highly productive region of the Southern Ocean, but phytoplankton growth rates there are poorly constrained. Variability in growth rates was investigated on a January February 2012 cruise to the Ross Sea using 37 C-14 isotopic tracer incubations and 11 dilution experiments. We examined the effects of extended incubations on measured growth rates in C-14 incubations, quantified phytoplankton growth and grazing mortality rates through dilution experiments, and analyzed the effects of irradiance on carbon:chlorophyll ratios in dilution experiments. Growth rates in C-14 incubations ranged from 0.03 to 0.85 d(-1). We found that chlorophyll-based phytoplankton growth rates …
Decoupling The Influence Of Biological And Physical Processes On The Dissolved Oxygen In The Chesapeake Bay, Jiabi Du, Jian Shen
Decoupling The Influence Of Biological And Physical Processes On The Dissolved Oxygen In The Chesapeake Bay, Jiabi Du, Jian Shen
VIMS Articles
It is instructive and essential to decouple the effects of biological and physical processes on the dissolved oxygen condition, in order to understand their contribution to the interannual variability of hypoxia in Chesapeake Bay since the 1980s. A conceptual bottom DO budget model is applied, using the vertical exchange time scale (VET) to quantify the physical condition and net oxygen consumption rate to quantify biological activities. By combining observed DO data and modeled VET values along the main stem of the Chesapeake Bay, the monthly net bottom DO consumption rate was estimated for 1985-2012. The DO budget model results show …
Robots As Vectors For Marine Invasions: Best Practices For Minimizing Transmission Of Invasive Species Via Observation-Class Rovs., Andrew David Thaler, Amy Freitag, Erika Bergman, Dominik Fretz, William Saleu
Robots As Vectors For Marine Invasions: Best Practices For Minimizing Transmission Of Invasive Species Via Observation-Class Rovs., Andrew David Thaler, Amy Freitag, Erika Bergman, Dominik Fretz, William Saleu
VIMS Articles
Remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) present a potential risk for the transmission of invasive species. This is particularly the case for small, low-cost microROVs that can be easily transported among ecosystems and, if not properly cleaned and treated, may introduce novel species into new regions. Here we present a set of 5 best-practice guidelines to reduce the risk of marine invasive species introduction for microROV operators. These guidelines include: educating ROV users about the causes and potential harm of species invasion; visually inspecting ROVs prior to and at the conclusion of each dive; rinsing ROVs in sterile freshwater following each dive; …
Large-Scale Examination Of Spatio-Temporal Patterns Of Drifting Fish Aggregating Devices (Dfads) From Tropical Tuna Fisheries Of The Indian And Atlantic Oceans, Alexandra Maufroy, Emmanuel Chassot, Rocio Joo, David M. Kaplan
Large-Scale Examination Of Spatio-Temporal Patterns Of Drifting Fish Aggregating Devices (Dfads) From Tropical Tuna Fisheries Of The Indian And Atlantic Oceans, Alexandra Maufroy, Emmanuel Chassot, Rocio Joo, David M. Kaplan
VIMS Articles
Since the 1990s, massive use of drifting Fish Aggregating Devices (dFADs) to aggregate tropical tunas has strongly modified global purse-seine fisheries. For the first time, a large data set of GPS positions from buoys deployed by French purse-seiners to monitor dFADs is analysed to provide information on spatio-temporal patterns of dFAD use in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans during 2007-2011. First, we select among four classification methods the model that best separates "at sea" from "on board" buoy positions. A random forest model had the best performance, both in terms of the rate of false "at sea" predictions and the …
Photosynthesis-Irradiance Responses In The Ross Sea, Antarctica: A Meta-Analysis, Walker O. Smith Jr., K. Donaldson
Photosynthesis-Irradiance Responses In The Ross Sea, Antarctica: A Meta-Analysis, Walker O. Smith Jr., K. Donaldson
VIMS Articles
A meta-analysis of photosynthesis-irradiance measurements was completed using data from the Ross Sea, Antarctica, using a total of 417 independent measurements. P-m(B), the maximum, chlorophyll-specific, irradiancesaturated rate of photosynthesis, averaged 1.1 +/- 0.06 mu gC (mu g Chl)(-1) h(-1). Light-limited, chlorophyll-specific photosynthetic rates (alpha(B)) averaged 0.030 +/- 0.023 mu gC (mu g Chl)(-1) h(-1) (mu mol quanta m(-2) s(-1))(-1). Significant variations in P-m(B) and alpha(B) were found as a function of season, with spring maximum photosynthetic rates being 60% greater than those in summer. Similarly, alpha values were 48% greater in spring. There was no detectable effect of sampling location …
Risk Characterization For Introduction And Spread Of Multinucleate Sphere X (Msx) In Prince Edward Island, Canada, J Sanchez, Ryan Carnegie, P Warris, J Hill, J Davidson, S. St-Hilaire
Risk Characterization For Introduction And Spread Of Multinucleate Sphere X (Msx) In Prince Edward Island, Canada, J Sanchez, Ryan Carnegie, P Warris, J Hill, J Davidson, S. St-Hilaire
VIMS Articles
Multinucleate Sphere X (MSX) is an important pathogen of the eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) on the east coast of North America. This parasite is currently not present in Prince Edward Island (PEI), but there are concerns that it will spread from Cape Breton, Nova Scotia, where it was recently identified. Introduction of MSX to PEI would cause direct losses to the shellfish industry and it would have long-term implications for exports of oysters. The main goal of this study was to assess the risk of introduction and dissemination of MSX, as estimated by the number of movements of commercial oysters …
The Exposed Surface Area To Volume Ratio: Is Shell More Efficient Than Limestone In Promoting Oyster Recruitment?, Km Kuykendall, P Moreno, En Powell, Tm Soniat, S Colley, Roger L. Mann, Dm Munroe
The Exposed Surface Area To Volume Ratio: Is Shell More Efficient Than Limestone In Promoting Oyster Recruitment?, Km Kuykendall, P Moreno, En Powell, Tm Soniat, S Colley, Roger L. Mann, Dm Munroe
VIMS Articles
Planting oyster cultch is a common management approach used to enhance recruitment. The two most popular cultch materials are shell and limestone. Both are sold by volume or weight; however, once deposited on oyster grounds, only a small portion of the total surface area of each particle is available for recruitment. Shell and limestone have different surface area to volume properties, and thus provide differential settlement opportunities. Exposed surface area to volume (expSA/V) ratios of oyster shell and limestone fragments were compared, as an indicator of their recruitment potential and cost-effectiveness for cultch planting. Samples were collected from the Primary …
Dual Annual Spawning Races In Atlantic Sturgeon, Matthew T. Balazik, John A. Musick
Dual Annual Spawning Races In Atlantic Sturgeon, Matthew T. Balazik, John A. Musick
VIMS Articles
Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus, Acipenseridae) populations in the United States were listed as either endangered or threatened under the Endangered Species Act in 2012. Because of the endangered/threatened status, a better understanding of Atlantic sturgeon life-history behavior and habitat use is important for effective management. It has been widely documented that Atlantic sturgeon reproduction occurs from late winter to early summer, varying clinally with latitude. However, recent data show Atlantic sturgeon also spawn later in the year. The group that spawns later in the year seems to be completely separate from the spring spawning run. Recognition of the later …
Landscape-Level Variation In Disease Susceptibility Related To Shallow-Water Hypoxia, Denise L. Breitburg, Darryl Hondorp, Corinne Audemard, Ryan Carnegie, Rebecca B. Burrell, Mark Trice, Virginia Clark
Landscape-Level Variation In Disease Susceptibility Related To Shallow-Water Hypoxia, Denise L. Breitburg, Darryl Hondorp, Corinne Audemard, Ryan Carnegie, Rebecca B. Burrell, Mark Trice, Virginia Clark
VIMS Articles
Diel-cycling hypoxia is widespread in shallow portions of estuaries and lagoons, especially in systems with high nutrient loads resulting from human activities. Far less is known about the effects of this form of hypoxia than deeper-water seasonal or persistent low dissolved oxygen. We examined field patterns of diel-cycling hypoxia and used field and laboratory experiments to test its effects on acquisition and progression of Perkinsus marinus infections in the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, as well as on oyster growth and filtration. P. marinus infections cause the disease known as Dermo, have been responsible for declines in oyster populations, and have …
Increased Nitrogen Export From Eastern North America To The Atlantic Ocean Due To Climatic And Anthropogenic Changes During 1901-2008, Qichun Yang, Hanqin Tian, Marjorie A.M. Friedrichs, Charles S. Hopkinson, Chaoqun Lu, Raymond G. Najjar
Increased Nitrogen Export From Eastern North America To The Atlantic Ocean Due To Climatic And Anthropogenic Changes During 1901-2008, Qichun Yang, Hanqin Tian, Marjorie A.M. Friedrichs, Charles S. Hopkinson, Chaoqun Lu, Raymond G. Najjar
VIMS Articles
We used a process-based land model, Dynamic Land Ecosystem Model 2.0, to examine how climatic and anthropogenic changes affected riverine fluxes of ammonium (NH4+), nitrate (NO3-), dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), and particulate organic nitrogen (PON) from eastern North America, especially the drainage areas of the Gulf of Maine (GOM), Mid-Atlantic Bight (MAB), and South Atlantic Bight (SAB) during 1901-2008. Model simulations indicated that annual fluxes of NH4+, NO3-, DON, and PON from the study area during 1980-2008 were 0.0190.003 (mean1 standard deviation) TgNyr(-1), 0.180.035TgNyr(-1), 0.100.016TgNyr(-1), and 0.043 +/- 0.008TgNyr(-1), respectively. NH4+, NO3-, and DON exports increased while PON export decreased …
Settlement, Growth, And Survival Of Eastern Oysters On Alternative Reef Substrates, Seth J. Theuerkauf, Russell P. Burke, Rom Lipcius
Settlement, Growth, And Survival Of Eastern Oysters On Alternative Reef Substrates, Seth J. Theuerkauf, Russell P. Burke, Rom Lipcius
VIMS Articles
Restoration of the native eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) has been severely hindered by the dwindling supply and rising costs of fossil and new oyster shell (OS) for use in reef restoration. Consequently, emphasis has shifted to the use of alternative oyster reef materials, which need to be tested for their effectiveness as settlement substrate. Furthermore, low recruitment of wild larvae has also impeded restoration, indicating a need to assess the potential of field setting of cultured larvae. We experimentally examined oyster settlement, growth and survival on unconsolidated OS, vertically embedded oyster shell (ES) in concrete, and concrete Oyster Castles (OC) …
Effects Of Terrestrial–Aquatic Connectivity On An Estuarine Turtle, Robert Isdell, Randolph M. Chambers, Donna M. Bilkovic, Matthias Leu
Effects Of Terrestrial–Aquatic Connectivity On An Estuarine Turtle, Robert Isdell, Randolph M. Chambers, Donna M. Bilkovic, Matthias Leu
VIMS Articles
Estuaries world-wide have been modified or fragmented due to human stressors in their terrestrial and aquatic components. Estuary fragmentation often results in reductions in species richness, diversity and connectivity. Effects of human modification on estuaries have been well studied, but less is known about how land use alters connectivity of the terrestrial–aquatic ecotone. We studied the relationship between terrestrial–aquatic connectivity and the distri- bution of an estuarine turtle, diamondback terrapin (Malaclemys terrapin).
Use Of Esi-Fticr-Ms To Characterize Dissolved Organic Matter In Headwater Streams Draining Forest-Dominated And Pasture-Dominated Watersheds, Yuehan Lu, Xiaping Li, Rajaa Mesfioui, James E. Bauer, R M. Chambers, Elizabeth A. Canuel, Patrick Hatcher
Use Of Esi-Fticr-Ms To Characterize Dissolved Organic Matter In Headwater Streams Draining Forest-Dominated And Pasture-Dominated Watersheds, Yuehan Lu, Xiaping Li, Rajaa Mesfioui, James E. Bauer, R M. Chambers, Elizabeth A. Canuel, Patrick Hatcher
VIMS Articles
Electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI-FTICR-MS) has proven to be a powerful technique revealing complexity and diversity of natural DOM molecules, but its application to DOM analysis in grazing-impacted agricultural systems remains scarce. In the present study, we presented a case study of using ESI-FTICR-MS in analyzing DOM from four headwater streams draining forest-or pasture-dominated watersheds in Virginia, USA. In all samples, most formulas were CHO compounds (71.8-87.9%), with other molecular series (CHOS, CHON, CHONS, and CHOP (N, S)) accounting for only minor fractions. All samples were dominated by molecules falling in the lignin-like region (H/C …
A Framework For Quantifying The Magnitude And Variability Of Community Responses To Global Change Drivers, Meghan L. Avolio, Kimberly J. La Pierre, Gregory R. Houseman, Sally E. Koerner, Emily Grman, Forest Isbell, David S. Johnson, Kevin R. Wilcox
A Framework For Quantifying The Magnitude And Variability Of Community Responses To Global Change Drivers, Meghan L. Avolio, Kimberly J. La Pierre, Gregory R. Houseman, Sally E. Koerner, Emily Grman, Forest Isbell, David S. Johnson, Kevin R. Wilcox
VIMS Articles
A major challenge in global change ecology is to predict the trajectory and magnitude of community change in response to global change drivers (GCDs). Here, we present a new framework that not only increases the predictive power of individual studies, but also allows for synthesis across GCD studies and ecosystems. First, we suggest that by quantifying community dissimilarity of replicates both among and within treatments, we can infer both the magnitude and predictability of community change, respectively. Second, we demonstrate the utility of integrating rank abundance curves with measures of community dissimilarity to understand the species-level dynamics driving community changes …
Behavioral Immunity Suppresses An Epizootic In Caribbean Spiny Lobsters, Mark J. Butler, Donald C. Behringer, Thomas W. Dolan, Ja Moss, Jeffrey D. Shields
Behavioral Immunity Suppresses An Epizootic In Caribbean Spiny Lobsters, Mark J. Butler, Donald C. Behringer, Thomas W. Dolan, Ja Moss, Jeffrey D. Shields
VIMS Articles
Sociality has evolved in a wide range of animal taxa but infectious diseases spread rapidly in populations of aggregated individuals, potentially negating the advantages of their social interactions. To disengage from the coevolutionary struggle with pathogens, some hosts have evolved various forms of "behavioral immunity"; yet, the effectiveness of such behaviors in controlling epizootics in the wild is untested. Here we show how one form of behavioral immunity (i.e., the aversion of diseased conspecifics) practiced by Caribbean spiny lobsters (Panulirus argus) when subject to the socially transmitted PaV1 virus, appears to have prevented an epizootic over a large seascape. We …
Drivers Of Daily Routines In An Ectothermic Marine Predator: Hunt Warm, Rest Warmer?, Yannis P. Papastamatiou, Yuuki Y. Watanabe, Darcy Bradley, Laura E. Dee, Kevin C. Weng, Christopher Lowe, Jennifer E. Caselle
Drivers Of Daily Routines In An Ectothermic Marine Predator: Hunt Warm, Rest Warmer?, Yannis P. Papastamatiou, Yuuki Y. Watanabe, Darcy Bradley, Laura E. Dee, Kevin C. Weng, Christopher Lowe, Jennifer E. Caselle
VIMS Articles
Animal daily routines represent a compromise between maximizing foraging success and optimizing physiological performance, while minimizing the risk of predation. For ectothermic predators, ambient temperature may also influence daily routines through its effects on physiological performance. Temperatures can fluctuate significantly over the diel cycle and ectotherms may synchronize behaviour tomatch thermal regimes in order to optimize fitness. We used bio-logging to quantify activity and body temperature of blacktip reef sharks (Carcharhinus melanopterus) at a tropical atoll. Behavioural observations were used to concurrently measure bite rates in herbivorous reef fishes, as an index of activity for potential diurnal prey. Sharks showed …
Biodiversity Enhances Ecosystem Multifunctionality Across Trophic Levels And Habitats, Jonathan S. Lefcheck, Jarrett E. K. Byrnes, Forest Isbell, Lars Gamfeldt, John N. Griffin, Nico Esienhaur, Marc J.S. Hensel, Andy Hector, Bradley J. Cardinale, J. Emmett Duffy
Biodiversity Enhances Ecosystem Multifunctionality Across Trophic Levels And Habitats, Jonathan S. Lefcheck, Jarrett E. K. Byrnes, Forest Isbell, Lars Gamfeldt, John N. Griffin, Nico Esienhaur, Marc J.S. Hensel, Andy Hector, Bradley J. Cardinale, J. Emmett Duffy
VIMS Articles
The importance of biodiversity for the integrated functioning of ecosystems remains unclear because most evidence comes from analyses of biodiversity's effect on individual functions. Here we show that the effects of biodiversity on ecosystem function become more important as more functions are considered. We present the first systematic investigation of biodiversity's effect on ecosystem multifunctionality across multiple taxa, trophic levels and habitats using a comprehensive database of 94 manipulations of species richness. We show that species-rich communities maintained multiple functions at higher levels than depauperate ones. These effects were stronger for herbivore biodiversity than for plant biodiversity, and were remarkably …