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- Biological Sciences Peer-Reviewed Articles (18)
- Fisheries Science Peer-Reviewed Articles (9)
- Aquatic Health Sciences Peer-Reviewed Articles (3)
- Physical Sciences Peer-Reviewed Articles (3)
- ALOSA-SAPIDISSIMA; STRONTIUM ISOTOPES; FRESH-WATER; RIVER; FISH; POPULATIONS; CHEMISTRY; VARIABILITY; VALIDATION; DELTA-O-18 (1)
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- American Lobster; Homarus Americanus; Epizootic Shell Disease; Bacteria; Dysbiosis (1)
- Austral summer (1)
- Biodiversity (1)
- Biological Sciences (1)
- CABO FRIO BRAZIL; GUANABARA BAY; SURFACE SEDIMENTS; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; LIPID BIOMARKER; NORTHEASTERN TAIWAN; SURFICIAL SEDIMENTS; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; CARBON; PRESERVATION (1)
- CCRM Peer Reviewed Articles (1)
- Chesapeake Bay; Coastal ecosystem; Water quality; Turbidity; Seagrass ecosystems; Zostera marina; Restoration; Climate variation; Western mid-Atlantic (1)
- Circumpolar Deep-Water; Crab-Eater Seals; Continental-Shelf; Spatiotemporal Variability (1)
- Copepod Acatia tonsa (1)
- Crassostrea Virginica; Diploid; Triploid; Oyster; Mortality; Growth; Disease; Chesapeake Bay (1)
- Dissolved organic-carbon (1)
- Diversity; Stressors; Eelgrass; Grazers (1)
- EAST PACIFIC RISE; HYDROTHERMAL VENTS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; 9-DEGREES-50'N; ERUPTION; COLONIZATION; HABITATS; PATTERNS; LARVAE (1)
- Eelgrass; Zostera marina; Restoration; Seagrass; Coastal bays; Ecosystem services (1)
- Estuarine ecology (1)
- Exotic species; Ontogenetic habitat shift; Predation; Prey size refuge; Novel ecosystem; Emerging ecosystem; Macroalgae; Seagrass (1)
- Gars (1)
- Homarus Americanus; Clawed Lobster; Epizootic Shell Disease; Long Island Sound; Narragansett Bay (1)
- NORTH PACIFIC-OCEAN; AQUATIC FOOD-WEB; GULF-OF-MEXICO; STOMACH CONTENTS; STABLE ISOTOPES; PISCES; DIET; MICRONEKTON; ASSEMBLAGE; ABUNDANCE (1)
- Necrotizing Hepatopancreatitis; Idiopathic Blindness; Contaminants; Epizootic Shell Disease; Histology; American Lobster; Homarus Americanus (1)
- Net ecosystem metabolism; Primary production; Respiration; Coastal lagoon; Phytoplankton; Microphytobenthos; Macroalgae (1)
- ORGANIC-MATTER TRANSPORT; COPEPOD ACARTIA-TONSA; MARINE SNOW; CARBON FLUX; DOMOIC ACID; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; REEF COMMUNITIES; MESOPELAGIC ZONE; NORTH PACIFIC; WATER COLUMN (1)
- Ocean acidification (1)
- Pelagic longline fishery (1)
- Post release survival (1)
Articles 1 - 30 of 34
Full-Text Articles in Marine Biology
Increased Feeding And Nutrient Excretion Of Adult Antarctic Krill, Euphausia Superba, Exposed To Enhanced Carbon Dioxide (Co2), Gk Saba, O Schofield, Jj Torres, Eh Ombres, Deborah K. Steinberg
Increased Feeding And Nutrient Excretion Of Adult Antarctic Krill, Euphausia Superba, Exposed To Enhanced Carbon Dioxide (Co2), Gk Saba, O Schofield, Jj Torres, Eh Ombres, Deborah K. Steinberg
VIMS Articles
Ocean acidification has a wide-ranging potential for impacting the physiology and metabolism of zooplankton. Sufficiently elevated CO2 concentrations can alter internal acid-base balance, compromising homeostatic regulation and disrupting internal systems ranging from oxygen transport to ion balance. We assessed feeding and nutrient excretion rates in natural populations of the keystone species Euphausia superba (Antarctic krill) by conducting a CO2 perturbation experiment at ambient and elevated atmospheric CO2 levels in January 2011 along the West Antarctic Peninsula (WAP). Under elevated CO2 conditions (similar to 672 ppm), ingestion rates of krill averaged 78 mu g C individual(-1) d(-1) and were 3.5 times …
Circle Hooks In Commercial, Recreational, And Artisanal Fisheries: Research Status And Needs For Improved Conservation And Management, Je Serafy, Sj Cooke, Ga Diaz, John Graves, Et Al
Circle Hooks In Commercial, Recreational, And Artisanal Fisheries: Research Status And Needs For Improved Conservation And Management, Je Serafy, Sj Cooke, Ga Diaz, John Graves, Et Al
VIMS Articles
The intent of convening the International Symposium on Circle Hooks in Research, Management, and Conservation was to yield a contemporary, science-based assessment of the management and conservation utility of circle hooks in commercial, recreational, and artisanal fisheries around the globe. The symposium objective was to provide a forum for individuals, organizations, and agencies to share relevant research results and perspectives. Based on the presentations, an examination of the literature, and the collective experience and knowledge of the authors, we provide a brief overview of the current status of circle hook research along with a list of research needs, with a …
Incorporating Circle Hooks Into Atlantic Pelagic Fisheries: Case Studies From The Commercial Tuna/Swordfish Longline And Recreational Billfish Fisheries, John Graves, Az Horodysky, Dw Kerstetter
Incorporating Circle Hooks Into Atlantic Pelagic Fisheries: Case Studies From The Commercial Tuna/Swordfish Longline And Recreational Billfish Fisheries, John Graves, Az Horodysky, Dw Kerstetter
VIMS Articles
An emerging body of literature has demonstrated the benefits of the use of circle hooks relative to standard J-hooks in commercial and recreational fisheries. In the pelagic longline fishery for tunas (Thunnus spp.) and swordfish (Xiphias gladius Linnaeus, 1758), the use of circle hooks has resulted in greater catch rates of some target species, lower catch rates of some bycatch species, and a higher percentage of many target and bycatch species alive at the time of haulback (gear retrieval). However, a lack of agreement among results of studies conducted in different fisheries and areas, using different baits and rigging techniques, …
Effects Of Trophic Skewing Of Species Richness Onecosystem Functioning In A Diverse Marine Community, Pamela L. Reynolds, John F. Bruno
Effects Of Trophic Skewing Of Species Richness Onecosystem Functioning In A Diverse Marine Community, Pamela L. Reynolds, John F. Bruno
VIMS Articles
Widespread overharvesting of top consumers of the world's ecosystems has "skewed" food webs, in terms of biomass and species richness, towards a generally greater domination at lower trophic levels. This skewing is exacerbated in locations where exotic species are predominantly low-trophic level consumers such as benthic macrophytes, detritivores, and filter feeders. However, in some systems where numerous exotic predators have been added, sometimes purposefully as in many freshwater systems, food webs are skewed in the opposite direction toward consumer dominance. Little is known about how such modifications to food web topology, e.g., changes in the ratio of predator to prey …
Bioturbation In A Declining Oxygen Environment, In Situ Observations From Wormcam, S. Kersey Sturdivant, Robert J. Diaz, George R. Cutter
Bioturbation In A Declining Oxygen Environment, In Situ Observations From Wormcam, S. Kersey Sturdivant, Robert J. Diaz, George R. Cutter
VIMS Articles
Bioturbation, the displacement and mixing of sediment particles by fauna or flora, facilitates life supporting processes by increasing the quality of marine sediments. In the marine environment bioturbation is primarily mediated by infaunal organisms, which are susceptible to perturbations in their surrounding environment due to their sedentary life history traits. Of particular concern is hypoxia, dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations ≤2.8 mg l−1, a prevalent and persistent problem that affects both pelagic and benthic fauna. A benthic observing system (Wormcam) consisting of a buoy, telemetering electronics, sediment profile camera, and water quality datasonde was developed and deployed in the …
Multivariable Statistical Regression Models Of The Areal Extent Of Hypoxia Over The Texas-Louisiana Continental Shelf, David R. Forrest, Robert D. Hetland, Steven F. Dimarco
Multivariable Statistical Regression Models Of The Areal Extent Of Hypoxia Over The Texas-Louisiana Continental Shelf, David R. Forrest, Robert D. Hetland, Steven F. Dimarco
VIMS Articles
No abstract provided.
On The Accumulation Of Organic Matter On The Southeastern Brazilian Continental Shelf: A Case Study Based On A Sediment Core From The Shelf Off Rio De Janeiro, Renato Da Silva Carreira, Elizabeth A. Canuel, Stephen A. Macko, Mariana B. Lopez, Leticia G. Luz, Luciana N. Jasmim
On The Accumulation Of Organic Matter On The Southeastern Brazilian Continental Shelf: A Case Study Based On A Sediment Core From The Shelf Off Rio De Janeiro, Renato Da Silva Carreira, Elizabeth A. Canuel, Stephen A. Macko, Mariana B. Lopez, Leticia G. Luz, Luciana N. Jasmim
VIMS Articles
Sterol and fatty acid biomarkers and isotopic composition (delta 13C and delta 15N) of bulk organic matter (OM) were quantified in a sediment core to characterize the accumulation of autochthonous OM in an area on the continental shelf adjacent to Rio de Janeiro State. In the sediment surface (0-1 cm) the concentration of total sterols and fatty acids was at least one order of magnitude higher than that measured deeper down in the core and was dominated by labile and planktonic-derived biomarker compounds. These results suggest, as is confirmed by multivariate statistical analysis, the occurrence of an event of enhanced …
Use Of A Natural Isotopic Signature In Otoliths To Evaluate Scale-Based Age Determination For American Shad, Sally A. Upton, Benjamin D. Walther, Simon R. Thorrold, John E. Olney
Use Of A Natural Isotopic Signature In Otoliths To Evaluate Scale-Based Age Determination For American Shad, Sally A. Upton, Benjamin D. Walther, Simon R. Thorrold, John E. Olney
VIMS Articles
We used delta O-18 signatures in otoliths as a natural tag for hatch year to evaluate the scale-based age determination method used for adult American shad Alosa sapidissima in the York River, Virginia. Juveniles of the 2002 year-class exhibited high delta O-18 values in otolith cores that identified adult members of the cohort as they returned to spawn. Recruitment of the 2002 cohort was monitored for three consecutive years, identifying age-4, age-5, and age-6 individuals of the York River stock. The scale-based age determination method was not suitable for aging age-4, age-5, or age-6 American shad in the York River. …
Ciliate Epibionts Associated With Crustacean Zooplankton In German Lakes: Distribution, Motility, And Bacterivory, Samantha L. Bickel, Kam W. Tang, Hans-Peter Grossart
Ciliate Epibionts Associated With Crustacean Zooplankton In German Lakes: Distribution, Motility, And Bacterivory, Samantha L. Bickel, Kam W. Tang, Hans-Peter Grossart
VIMS Articles
Ciliate epibionts associated with crustacean zooplankton are widespread in aquatic systems, but their ecological roles are little known. We studied the occurrence of ciliate epibionts on crustacean zooplankton in nine German lakes with different limnological features during the summer of 2011. We also measured the detachment and re-attachment rates of the ciliates, changes in their motility, and the feeding rates of attached vs. detached ciliate epibionts. Epibionts were found in all lakes sampled except an acidic lake with large humic inputs. Epibiont prevalence was as high as 80.96% on the cladoceran Daphnia cucullata, 67.17% on the cladoceran Diaphanosoma brachyurum, and …
Characterization And Ecological Implication Of Eelgrass Life History Strategies Near The Species' Southern Limit In The Western North Atlantic, Jessie C. Jarvis, Ken Moore, W. Judson Kenworthy
Characterization And Ecological Implication Of Eelgrass Life History Strategies Near The Species' Southern Limit In The Western North Atlantic, Jessie C. Jarvis, Ken Moore, W. Judson Kenworthy
VIMS Articles
Eelgrass Zostera marina L. populations located near the species southern limit in the western North Atlantic were assessed monthly from July 2007 through November 2008. We identified (1) dominant life history strategies and local environmental conditions in southern Z. marina populations, (2) quantified differences in reproductive phenology between populations and different local environmental conditions, and (3) compared reproductive strategies to established annual and perennial life history paradigms. Observed populations expressed both life history strategies with one Z. marina population completely losing aboveground biomass and reestablishing from seeds (annual model) while another population retained aboveground biomass throughout the year (perennial model). …
The "100 Lobsters" Project: A Cooperative Demonstration Project For Health Assessments Of Lobsters From Rhode Island, Jeffrey D. Shields, Kersten N. Wheeler, Ja Moss, B Somers, K Castro
The "100 Lobsters" Project: A Cooperative Demonstration Project For Health Assessments Of Lobsters From Rhode Island, Jeffrey D. Shields, Kersten N. Wheeler, Ja Moss, B Somers, K Castro
VIMS Articles
The emergence of epizootic shell disease in the American lobster (Homarus americanus) has been devastating to the fishing industry in southern New England. In response, research was initiated to understand the roles of the environment, pathogens, and pollutants in the ecology and etiology of the disease. A comprehensive project was initiated in which tissues and hemolymph from 100 lobsters were collected from an endemic area of disease, Narragansett Bay, RI. The project has moved forward with the purpose of compiling, synthesizing, and propagating the findings from the "100 Lobsters" Project. The resulting tissue bank and Web-based data repository and instructional …
Seasonal Distributions And Movements Of Longnose Gar (Lepisosteus Osseus) Within The York River System, Virginia, Patrick E. Mcgrath, Eric J. Hilton, John A. Musick
Seasonal Distributions And Movements Of Longnose Gar (Lepisosteus Osseus) Within The York River System, Virginia, Patrick E. Mcgrath, Eric J. Hilton, John A. Musick
VIMS Articles
The seasonal movements of Lepisosteus osseus (Longnose Gar) are largely unknown. The goal of this project was to characterize spawning movements and seasonal distributions by using acoustic tagging methods and examining historical catch records from a trawl survey. This is the first time that movements have been studied for an estuarine population of Longnose Gar. Two individuals moved greater minimum distances (69 and 74 km) than found in the only other report on movement in this species. Spawning-ground residency time, collected from two tagged Longnose Gar, was approximately one month, and tidal periodicity was observed for one of the two …
Changes In Biodiversity And Environmental Stressors Influence Community Structure Of An Experimental Eelgrass Zostera Marina System, Rachael E. Blake, J. Emmett Duffy
Changes In Biodiversity And Environmental Stressors Influence Community Structure Of An Experimental Eelgrass Zostera Marina System, Rachael E. Blake, J. Emmett Duffy
VIMS Articles
Changes in biodiversity can result in decreased ecosystem functioning and loss of ecosystem services, but altered biodiversity is only one of many stressors impacting ecosystems. In many estuaries, environmental stressors such as warming water temperatures and eutrophication are increasing and negatively impacting biological communities, particularly seagrasses such as the important habitat-forming species Zostera marina (eelgrass). These negative impacts may change the diversity, composition, and functioning of this important ecosystem, but the interactions of stressors with changes in biodiversity are poorly understood. We manipulated eelgrass communities in a factorial experiment to test how changes in crustacean grazer diversity, warmer water temperatures, …
Interannual Variability Of Primary Production And Dissolved Organic Nitrogen Storage In The North Pacific Subtropical Gyre, Ya-Wei Luo, Hugh W. Ducklow, Marjorie A.M. Friedrichs, Matthew Church, David Karl, Scott C. Doney
Interannual Variability Of Primary Production And Dissolved Organic Nitrogen Storage In The North Pacific Subtropical Gyre, Ya-Wei Luo, Hugh W. Ducklow, Marjorie A.M. Friedrichs, Matthew Church, David Karl, Scott C. Doney
VIMS Articles
The upper ocean primary production measurements from the Hawaii Ocean Time series (HOT) at Station ALOHA in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre showed substantial variability over the last two decades. The annual average primary production varied within a limited range over 1991-1998, significantly increased in 1999-2000 and then gradually decreased afterwards. This variability was investigated using a one-dimensional ecosystem model. The long-term HOT observations were used to constrain the model by prescribing physical forcings and lower boundary conditions and optimizing the model parameters against data using data assimilation. The model reproduced the general interannual pattern in the observed primary production, …
Detecting The Influence Of Initial Pioneers On Succession At Deep-Sea Vents, Lauren S. Mullineaux, Nadine Le Bris, Susan W. Mills, Pauline Henri, Skylar R. Bayer, Richard G. Secrist, Nam Siu
Detecting The Influence Of Initial Pioneers On Succession At Deep-Sea Vents, Lauren S. Mullineaux, Nadine Le Bris, Susan W. Mills, Pauline Henri, Skylar R. Bayer, Richard G. Secrist, Nam Siu
VIMS Articles
Deep-sea hydrothermal vents are subject to major disturbances that alter the physical and chemical environment and eradicate the resident faunal communities. Vent fields are isolated by uninhabitable deep seafloor, so recolonization via dispersal of planktonic larvae is critical for persistence of populations. We monitored colonization near 9 degrees 50'N on the East Pacific Rise following a catastrophic eruption in order to address questions of the relative contributions of pioneer colonists and environmental change to variation in species composition, and the role of pioneers at the disturbed site in altering community structure elsewhere in the region. Pioneer colonists included two gastropod …
Global Trophic Position Comparison Of Two Dominant Mesopelagic Fish Families (Myctophidae, Stomiidae) Using Amino Acid Nitrogen Isotopic Analyses, C. Anela Choy, Tracey T. Sutton
Global Trophic Position Comparison Of Two Dominant Mesopelagic Fish Families (Myctophidae, Stomiidae) Using Amino Acid Nitrogen Isotopic Analyses, C. Anela Choy, Tracey T. Sutton
VIMS Articles
The delta N-15 values of organisms are commonly used across diverse ecosystems to estimate trophic position and infer trophic connectivity. We undertook a novel cross-basin comparison of trophic position in two ecologically well-characterized and different groups of dominant mid-water fish consumers using amino acid nitrogen isotope compositions. We found that trophic positions estimated from the delta N-15 values of individual amino acids are nearly uniform within both families of these fishes across five global regions despite great variability in bulk tissue delta N-15 values. Regional differences in the delta N-15 values of phenylalanine confirmed that bulk tissue delta N-15 values …
Exotic Macroalga Gracilaria Vermiculophylla Provides Superior Nursery Habitat For Native Blue Crab In Chesapeake Bay, Cora Ann Johnston, Rom Lipcius
Exotic Macroalga Gracilaria Vermiculophylla Provides Superior Nursery Habitat For Native Blue Crab In Chesapeake Bay, Cora Ann Johnston, Rom Lipcius
VIMS Articles
Exotic species often reduce the abundance or diversity of species in marine ecosystems, but some exotics may benefit native species, such as when habitat is enhanced. In Chesapeake Bay, the exotic macroalga Gracilaria vermiculophylla (Rhodophyta) has flourished and dispersed widely, yet the consequences for native species diversity and abundance are not well known. We experimentally examined the capacity of the structurally complex G. vermiculophylla to provide nursery habitat for the blue crab Callinectes sapidus in Chesapeake Bay, where native eelgrass nursery habitat has dwindled. We also examined ontogenetic shifts in survival across alternative nursery habitats. In field surveys, juvenile density …
Eelgrass Survival In Two Contrasting Systems: Role Of Turbidity And Summer Water Temperatures, Ken Moore, Erin C. Shields, David B. Parrish, R J. Orth
Eelgrass Survival In Two Contrasting Systems: Role Of Turbidity And Summer Water Temperatures, Ken Moore, Erin C. Shields, David B. Parrish, R J. Orth
VIMS Articles
Eelgrass Zostera marina L. distribution patterns in the mid-Atlantic region of the USA have shown complex changes, with recovery from losses in the 1930s varying between the coastal lagoons and Chesapeake Bay. Restoration efforts in the coastal bays of Virginia introduced Z. marina back to this system, and expansion since 2005 has averaged 66% yr(-1). In contrast, Chesapeake Bay has experienced 2% expansion and has undergone 2 significant die-off events, in 2005 and 2010. We used a temperature-dependent light model to show that from 2005 to 2010 during daylight periods in the summer, coastal bay beds received at least 100% …
Two Decades Of Pelagic Ecology Of The Western Antarctic Peninsula, Deborah K. Steinberg, D G. Martinson, D P. Costa
Two Decades Of Pelagic Ecology Of The Western Antarctic Peninsula, Deborah K. Steinberg, D G. Martinson, D P. Costa
VIMS Articles
Significant strides in our understanding of the marine pelagic ecosystem of the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) region have been made over the past two decades, resulting from research conducted aboard ARSV Laurence M. Gould and RVIB Nathaniel B. Palmer. These advances range from an understanding of the physical forcing on biology, to food web ecology (from microbes to top predators), to biogeochemical cycling, often in the larger context of rapid climate warming in the region. The proximity of the WAP to the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and WAP continental shelf bathymetry affects the hydrography and helps structure the biological community. Seasonal, …
A Fully Coupled 3d Wave-Current Interaction Model On Unstructured Grids, Aron Roland, Yinglong J. Zhang, Harry V. Wang, Yanqiu Meng, Yi-Cheng Teng, Vladimir Maderich, Igor Brovchenko, Mathieu Dutour-Sikiric, Ulrich Zanke
A Fully Coupled 3d Wave-Current Interaction Model On Unstructured Grids, Aron Roland, Yinglong J. Zhang, Harry V. Wang, Yanqiu Meng, Yi-Cheng Teng, Vladimir Maderich, Igor Brovchenko, Mathieu Dutour-Sikiric, Ulrich Zanke
VIMS Articles
We present a new modeling system for wave-current interaction based on unstructured grids and thus suitable for very large-scale high-resolution multiscale studies. The coupling between the 3D current model (SELFE) and the 3rd generation spectral wave model (WWM-II) is done at the source code level and the two models share same sub-domains in the parallel MPI implementation in order to ensure parallel efficiency and avoid interpolation. We demonstrate the accuracy, efficiency, stability and robustness of the coupled SELFE-WWM-II model with a suite of progressively challenging benchmarks with analytical solution, laboratory data, and field data. The coupled model is shown to …
Histological Assessment Of The Lobster (Homarus Americanus) In The "100 Lobsters" Project, Jeffrey D. Shields, Kersten N. Wheeler, Ja Moss
Histological Assessment Of The Lobster (Homarus Americanus) In The "100 Lobsters" Project, Jeffrey D. Shields, Kersten N. Wheeler, Ja Moss
VIMS Articles
The emergence of epizootic shell disease in the American lobster (Homarus americanus) has been devastating to the industry in the coastal waters of southern New England. A comprehensive assessment of the disease syndrome, known as the "100 Lobsters" Project, was initiated to examine health and physiological parameters among laboratories involved in the research on lobster shell disease. A histological study of the 100 lobsters was undertaken as part of that assessment. Tissues from 90 lobsters from Rhode Island and 19 lobsters from Maine were examined as a general health assessment of the 100 lobsters. Approximately half the lobsters from Rhode …
Dysbiosis In Epizootic Shell Disease Of The American Lobster (Homarus Americanus), Nj Meres, Cc Ajuzie, M Sikaroodi, M Vemulapalli, Jeffrey D. Shields, Pm Gillevet
Dysbiosis In Epizootic Shell Disease Of The American Lobster (Homarus Americanus), Nj Meres, Cc Ajuzie, M Sikaroodi, M Vemulapalli, Jeffrey D. Shields, Pm Gillevet
VIMS Articles
Epizootic shell disease (ESD) in the American lobster ( Homarus americanus) is continuing to affect the southern New England lobster population, and the etiology of the disease has not been well defined. We hypothesized that a dysbiotic shift in the shell microbial biofilm played a key part in the etiology of the disease. We analyzed the community structure of the surface microflora of apparently healthy and diseased lobsters using multitag pyrosequencing to correlate the abundance of key taxa within the lesions. Discriminant analysis (DA) was used to identify taxa in the microbial community that were associated with diseased and healthy …
Triploid Oysters In The Chesapeake Bay: Comparison Of Diploid And Triploid Crassostrea Virginica, Lionel Degremont, C Garcia, A Frank-Lawale, Standish K. Allen Jr.
Triploid Oysters In The Chesapeake Bay: Comparison Of Diploid And Triploid Crassostrea Virginica, Lionel Degremont, C Garcia, A Frank-Lawale, Standish K. Allen Jr.
VIMS Articles
Diploid and triploid Eastern oysters, Crassostrea virginica, were tested at 3 sites characterized by low on moderate salinity regimes in the Virginia part of the Chesapeake Bay from November 2005 through October 2007. Both diploid and triploid cultures were replicated 3 times by producing separate spawns from different broodstock. Ploidy had a generally consistent effect on the performance of C. virginica at the 3 test sites. At the end of the study, in October 2007, and across all sites, triploid oysters had lower cumulative mortality than diploids (-34%), and greater shell height (+25%), whole weight (+88%), and yield (+152%), as …
Abundance, Composition, And Sinking Rates Of Fish Fecal Pellets In The Santa Barbara Channel, Grace K. Saba, Deborah K. Steinberg
Abundance, Composition, And Sinking Rates Of Fish Fecal Pellets In The Santa Barbara Channel, Grace K. Saba, Deborah K. Steinberg
VIMS Articles
Rapidly sinking fecal pellets are an important component of the vertical flux of particulate organic matter (POM) from the surface to the ocean's interior; however, few studies have examined the role fish play in this export. We determined abundance, size, prey composition, particulate organic carbon/nitrogen (POC/PON), and sinking rates of fecal pellets produced by a forage fish, likely the northern anchovy, in the Santa Barbara Channel. Pellet abundance ranged from 0.1-5.9 pellets m(-3). POC and PON contents averaged 21.7 mu g C pellet(-1) and 2.7 mu g N pellet(-1). The sinking rate averaged 787 m d(-1); thus pellets produced at …
Distribution And Habitat Associations Of Billfish And Swordfish Larvae Across Mesoscale Features In The Gulf Of Mexico, Jay R. Rooker, Jeff R. Simms, R. J. David Wells, Scott A. Holt, Joan Holt, John Graves, Nathan B. Furey
Distribution And Habitat Associations Of Billfish And Swordfish Larvae Across Mesoscale Features In The Gulf Of Mexico, Jay R. Rooker, Jeff R. Simms, R. J. David Wells, Scott A. Holt, Joan Holt, John Graves, Nathan B. Furey
VIMS Articles
Ichthyoplankton surveys were conducted in surface waters of the northern Gulf of Mexico (NGoM) over a three-year period (2006-2008) to determine the relative value of this region as early life habitat of sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus), blue marlin (Makaira nigricans), white marlin (Kajikia albida), and swordfish (Xiphias gladius). Sailfish were the dominant billfish collected in summer surveys, and larvae were present at 37.5% of the stations sampled. Blue marlin and white marlin larvae were present at 25.0% and 4.6% of the stations sampled, respectively, while swordfish occurred at 17.2% of the stations. Areas of peak production were detected and maximum density …
Evaluating The Current Status Of American Shad Stocks In Three Virginia Rivers, Robert J. Latour, Eric J. Hilton, Patrick D. Lynch, Troy D. Tuckey, Brian Watkins, John E. Olney
Evaluating The Current Status Of American Shad Stocks In Three Virginia Rivers, Robert J. Latour, Eric J. Hilton, Patrick D. Lynch, Troy D. Tuckey, Brian Watkins, John E. Olney
VIMS Articles
Directed commercial fisheries for American shad Alosa sapidissima in the primary Virginia tributaries of the Chesapeake Bay have been under moratorium since 1994. Monitoring of adult American shad within these rivers has been ongoing since 1998 through a cooperative program involving commercial fishers. The monitoring program is designed to mimic traditional commercial fishing practices so that stock status can be inferred by comparing contemporary catch-per-unit-effort levels with those derived from historic logbooks. In this paper, we present analyses of the available monitoring and historic catch rate data along with updated stock status information for American shad in the James, York, …
Biotic Dispersal In Eelgrass Zostera Marina, Sarah E. Sumoski, R J. Orth
Biotic Dispersal In Eelgrass Zostera Marina, Sarah E. Sumoski, R J. Orth
VIMS Articles
Dispersal is a critical process in the life history of nearly all plant species and can be facilitated by both abiotic and biotic mechanisms. Despite an abundance of vertebrate fauna utilizing seagrass meadows as a feeding area and thus capable of consuming and excreting seeds, little work has been conducted on biotic seed dispersal mechanisms. The objectives of this study were to (1) determine whether seeds of the seagrass Zostera marina could pass through the digestive systems of resident and transient vertebrates of a seagrass bed and remain viable and (2) determine seed retention times in the guts of each …
Time Series Of Vertical Flux Of Zooplankton Fecal Pellets On The Continental Shelf Of The Western Antarctic Peninsula, Miram R. Gleiber, Deborah K. Steinberg, Hugh W. Ducklow
Time Series Of Vertical Flux Of Zooplankton Fecal Pellets On The Continental Shelf Of The Western Antarctic Peninsula, Miram R. Gleiber, Deborah K. Steinberg, Hugh W. Ducklow
VIMS Articles
Zooplankton fecal pellet contribution to particulate organic carbon (POC) flux over the continental shelf of the western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) was investigated to better understand the possible effects of changes in zooplankton community structure, due to climate change, on carbon export. Fecal pellets were collected at 170 m depth in a moored sediment trap from January 2004 to January 2009. Fecal pellet shape and size (i.e., carbon content) were quantified to assess flux of pellets from different zooplankton taxa and compared between seasons and years. Fecal pellet POC constituted the dominant proportion of total POC flux, with summer (November to …
Seedling Establishment In Eelgrass: Seed Burial Effects On Winter Losses Of Developing Seedlings, Scott R. Marion, R J. Orth
Seedling Establishment In Eelgrass: Seed Burial Effects On Winter Losses Of Developing Seedlings, Scott R. Marion, R J. Orth
VIMS Articles
Constraints on the transition of seeds to seedlings have the potential to control plant dispersal and persistence. We investigated the processes leading to low initial seedling establishment in eelgrass Zostera marina through a manipulative field experiment assessing the relative importance of germination failure and seedling loss during the winter. Seed plots were established in October at 3 unvegetated sites in the Chesapeake Bay (USA) region, with seeds either at the sediment surface or buried at 2 to 3 cm. Emerging seedlings were monitored at 6 wk intervals between December and April using a video camera, and seed germination was tracked …
Ecosystem Metabolism In Shallow Coastal Lagoons: Patterns And Partitioning Of Planktonic, Benthic, And Integrated Community Rates, Juliette C. P. Giordano, Mark Brush, Iris C. Anderson
Ecosystem Metabolism In Shallow Coastal Lagoons: Patterns And Partitioning Of Planktonic, Benthic, And Integrated Community Rates, Juliette C. P. Giordano, Mark Brush, Iris C. Anderson
VIMS Articles
Net ecosystem metabolism (NEM) provides a quantifiable and integrative method for assessing the ecological responses of aquatic ecosystems to anthropogenic disturbance and has been shown to positively relate to nutrient enrichment in some systems. We measured NEM to determine the trophic status of 4 coastal lagoons receiving a range of nutrient loads on the Virginia/Maryland portion of the Delmarva Peninsula, USA. From July 2007 to July 2008, we used the component technique to assess NEM by developing photosynthesis-irradiance curves for both the water column and sediments approximately monthly; we added macroalgal incubations in the summer of 2008. We also measured …