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Articles 1 - 11 of 11
Full-Text Articles in Exercise Science
Autophagy And Aging: Maintaining The Proteome Through Exercise And Caloric Restriction, Kurt A. Escobar, Nathan H. Cole, Christine M. Mermier, Trisha A. Vandusseldrop
Autophagy And Aging: Maintaining The Proteome Through Exercise And Caloric Restriction, Kurt A. Escobar, Nathan H. Cole, Christine M. Mermier, Trisha A. Vandusseldrop
Faculty and Research Publications
Accumulation of dysfunctional and damaged cellular proteins and organelles occursduring aging, resulting in a disruption of cellular homeostasis and progressive degen-eration and increases the risk of cell death. Moderating the accrual of these defunctcomponents is likely a key in the promotion of longevity. While exercise is knownto promote healthy aging and mitigate age‐related pathologies, the molecular under-pinnings of this phenomenon remain largely unclear. However, recent evidencessuggest that exercise modulates the proteome. Similarly, caloric restriction (CR), aknown promoter of lifespan, is understood to augment intracellular protein quality.Autophagy is an evolutionary conserved recycling pathway responsible for thedegradation, then turnover of cellular proteins …
A 4-Year Analysis Of The Incidence Of Injuries Among Crossfit-Trained Participants, Yuri Feito, Evanette K. Burrows, Loni Phillip Tabb
A 4-Year Analysis Of The Incidence Of Injuries Among Crossfit-Trained Participants, Yuri Feito, Evanette K. Burrows, Loni Phillip Tabb
Faculty and Research Publications
Background: High-intensity functional training (HIFT) is a new training modality that merges high-intensity exercise with functional (multijoint) movements. Even though others exist, CrossFit training has emerged as the most common form of HIFT. Recently, several reports have linked CrossFit training to severe injuries and/or life-threatening conditions, such as rhabdomyolysis.Empirical evidence regarding the safety of this training modality is currently limited. Purpose: To examine the incidence of injuries related to CrossFit participation and to estimate the rate of injuries in a large cross-sectional convenience sample of CrossFit participants from around the world. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: A total of …
Effect Of Branched-Chain Amino Acid Supplementationon Recovery Following Acute Eccentric Exercise, Trisha A. Vandusseldorp, Kurt A. Escobar, Kelly E. Johnson, Matthew T. Stratton, Terence Moriarty, Nathan Cole, James J. Mccormick, Chad M. Kersick, Roger A. Vaughan, Karol Dokladny, Len Kravitz, Christine M. Mermier
Effect Of Branched-Chain Amino Acid Supplementationon Recovery Following Acute Eccentric Exercise, Trisha A. Vandusseldorp, Kurt A. Escobar, Kelly E. Johnson, Matthew T. Stratton, Terence Moriarty, Nathan Cole, James J. Mccormick, Chad M. Kersick, Roger A. Vaughan, Karol Dokladny, Len Kravitz, Christine M. Mermier
Faculty and Research Publications
This study investigated the effect of branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) supplementationon recovery from eccentric exercise. Twenty males ingested either a BCAA supplement or placebo(PLCB) prior to and following eccentric exercise. Creatine kinase (CK), vertical jump (VJ), maximalvoluntary isometric contraction (MVIC), jump squat (JS) and perceived soreness were assessed.No significant (p> 0.05) group by time interaction effects were observed for CK, soreness, MVIC, VJ,or JS. CK concentrations were elevated above baseline (p< 0.001) in both groups at 4, 24, 48 and 72 hr,while CK was lower (p= 0.02) in the BCAA group at 48 hr compared to PLCB. Soreness increasedsignificantly from baseline (p< 0.01) in both groups at all time-points; however, BCAA supplementedindividuals reported less soreness (p< 0.01) at the 48 and 72 hr time-points. MVIC force outputreturned to baseline levels (p> 0.05) at 24, 48 and 72 hr for BCAA individuals. No significant differencebetween groups (p> 0.05) was detected for VJ or JS. BCAA supplementation may mitigate musclesoreness following muscle-damaging …
Resistance Training Does Not Induce Uniform Adaptations To Quadriceps, Gerald T. Mangine, Michael J. Redd, Adam M. Gonzalez, Jeremy R. Townsend, Adam J. Wells, Adam R. Jajtner, Kyle S. Beyer, Carleigh H. Boone, Michael B. La Monica, Jeffrey R. Stout, David H. Fukuda, Nicholas R. Ratamess, Jay R. Hoffman
Resistance Training Does Not Induce Uniform Adaptations To Quadriceps, Gerald T. Mangine, Michael J. Redd, Adam M. Gonzalez, Jeremy R. Townsend, Adam J. Wells, Adam R. Jajtner, Kyle S. Beyer, Carleigh H. Boone, Michael B. La Monica, Jeffrey R. Stout, David H. Fukuda, Nicholas R. Ratamess, Jay R. Hoffman
Faculty and Research Publications
Resistance training may differentially affect morphological adaptations along the length of uni-articular and bi-articular muscles. The purpose of this study was to compare changes in muscle morphology along the length of the rectus femoris (RF) and vastus lateralis (VL) in response to resistance training. Following a 2-wk preparatory phase, 15 resistance-trained men (24.0 ± 3.0 y, 90.0 ± 13.8 kg, 174.9 ± 20.7 cm) completed pre-training (PRE) assessments of muscle thickness (MT), pennation angle (PA), cross-sectional area (CSA), and echo-intensity in the RF and VL at 30, 50, and 70% of each muscle’s length; fascicle length (FL) was estimated from …
Normative Values For Self-Reported Benchmark Workout Scores In Crossfit® Practitioners, Gerald T. Mangine, Brant Cebulla, Yuri Feito
Normative Values For Self-Reported Benchmark Workout Scores In Crossfit® Practitioners, Gerald T. Mangine, Brant Cebulla, Yuri Feito
Faculty and Research Publications
Background: CrossFit® practitioners commonly track progress by monitoring their ability to complete a variety of standardized benchmark workouts within a typical class setting. However, objective assessment of progress is challenging because normative data does not currently exist for any of these benchmark workouts. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop normative values for five common benchmark workouts (i.e., Fran, Grace, Helen, Filthy-50 [F50], and Fight-Gone-Bad [FGB]). Methods: Performance data from 133,857 male (M) and female (F) profiles located on a publicly available website were collected and sorted by sex (i.e., male [M] and female [F]) and competitive age …
High-Intensity Functional Training (Hift): Definition And Research Implications For Improved Fitness, Yuri Feito, Katie M. Heinrich, Scotty J. Butcher, Walker S. Carlos Poston
High-Intensity Functional Training (Hift): Definition And Research Implications For Improved Fitness, Yuri Feito, Katie M. Heinrich, Scotty J. Butcher, Walker S. Carlos Poston
Faculty and Research Publications
High-intensity functional training (HIFT) is an exercise modality that emphasizes functional,multi-joint movements that can be modified to any fitness level and elicit greater muscle recruitmentthan more traditional exercise. As a relatively new training modality, HIFT is often compared tohigh-intensity interval training (HIIT), yet the two are distinct. HIIT exercise is characterized byrelatively short bursts of repeated vigorous activity, interspersed by periods of rest or low-intensityexercise for recovery, while HIFT utilizes constantly varied functional exercises and various activitydurations that may or may not incorporate rest. Over the last decade, studies evaluating theeffectiveness of HIIT programs have documented improvements in metabolic and …
Mood State Changes Accompanying The Crossfitopen™ Competition In Healthy Adults, Allyson G. Box, Yuri Feito, Steven J. Petruzzello, Gerald T. Mangine
Mood State Changes Accompanying The Crossfitopen™ Competition In Healthy Adults, Allyson G. Box, Yuri Feito, Steven J. Petruzzello, Gerald T. Mangine
Faculty and Research Publications
Background: Specific mood states were examined during the CrossFit Open, a consecutive 5-week fitness competition involving five separate CrossFit®workouts, to determine whether the unique design or strenuous workouts of the competition resulted in acute and/or chronic mood statealterations. Methods: Participants (n= 8) completed the Profile of Mood States (POMS) questionnaire one-week prior to the competition (baseline), prior to (PRE), immediately post (IP), 30-min post-(30P) and 60-min post-workout (60P) each week. Tension, depression, anger, confusion, fatigue and vigor were derived from the POMS, as was Total Mood Disturbance (TMD) and an Energy Index (EI). Results: Workout intensity exceeded 93% HRmaxeach week. …
Testosterone And Cortisol Responses To Fivehigh-Intensity Functional Training Competitionworkouts In Recreationally Active Adults, Gerald T. Mangine, Trisha A. Vandusseldorp, Yuri Feito, Alyssa J. Holmes, Paul R. Serafini, Allyson G. Box, Adam M. Gonzalez
Testosterone And Cortisol Responses To Fivehigh-Intensity Functional Training Competitionworkouts In Recreationally Active Adults, Gerald T. Mangine, Trisha A. Vandusseldorp, Yuri Feito, Alyssa J. Holmes, Paul R. Serafini, Allyson G. Box, Adam M. Gonzalez
Faculty and Research Publications
To determine the salivary steroid response to high-intensity functional training (HIFT)competition workouts, saliva samples were collected from ten recreationally trained male and femalecompetitors during a 5-week (WK1–WK5) international competition. Competitors arrived at theirlocal affiliate and provided samples prior to (PRE) their warm-up, immediately (IP), 30-min (30P),and 60-min (60P) post-exercise. Samples were analyzed for concentrations of testosterone (T), cortisol(C), and their ratio (TC). Generalized linear mixed models with repeated measures revealed significantmain effects for time (p< 0.001) for T, C, and TC. Compared to PRE-concentrations, elevated (p< 0.05)T was observed at IP on WK2–WK5 (mean difference: 135–511 pg·mL−1), at 30P on WK3 (meandifference: 81.0±30.1 pg·mL−1) and WK5 (mean difference: 56.6±22.7 pg·mL−1), and at 60P onWK3 (mean difference: 73.5±29.7 pg·mL−1) and WK5 (mean difference: 74.3±28.4 pg·mL−1).Compared to PRE-concentrations, elevated (p< 0.05) C was noted on all weeks at IP (mean difference:9.3–15.9 ng·mL−1) and 30P (mean difference: 6.0–19.9 ng·mL−1); significant (p< 0.006) elevationswere noted at 60P on WK1 (mean difference: 9.1±3.0 ng·mL−1) and WK5 (mean difference:12.8±2.9 ng·mL−1). Additionally, TC was significantly reduced from PRE-values by 61% on WK1 at60P (p= 0.040) and by 80% on WK5 at 30P (p= 0.023). Differences in T, C, and TC were also observedbetween weeks at specific time points. Although each workout affected concentrations in T, C, and/orthe TC ratio, changes appeared to be modulated by the presence of overload and workout duration.During periods of elevated training or competition, athletes and coaches may consider monitoringthese hormones for consistency and as a means of assessing workout difficulty.
Influence Of Baseline Muscle Strength And Size Measures On Training Adaptations In Resistance-Trained Men, Gerald T. Mangine, Adam M. Gonzalez, Jeremy R. Townsend, Adam J. Wells
Influence Of Baseline Muscle Strength And Size Measures On Training Adaptations In Resistance-Trained Men, Gerald T. Mangine, Adam M. Gonzalez, Jeremy R. Townsend, Adam J. Wells
Faculty and Research Publications
The influence of baseline strength or muscle size on adaptations to training is not well-understood. Comparisons between novice and advanced lifters, and between stronger and weaker experienced-lifters, have produced conflicting results. This study examined the effect of baseline muscle strength and size on subsequent adaptations in resistance-trained individuals following a traditional high-volume, short-rest resistance training protocol. Fourteen resistance-trained men (24.0±2.7 y; 90.1±11.7 kg; 169.9±29.0 cm) completed pre-training (PRE) ultrasound measurements of muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) in the rectus femoris (RF), vastus lateralis (VL), pectoralis major, and triceps brachii (TRI) prior to strength assessments (e.g., one-repetition maximum strength bench press and …
Influence Of Acute Consumption Of Caffeine Vs. Placebo Over Bia-Derived Measurements Of Body Composition: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Crossover Design, Cassie M. Williamson, Brett S. Nickerson, Emily E. Bechke, Cherilyn N. Mclester, Brian Kliszczewicz
Influence Of Acute Consumption Of Caffeine Vs. Placebo Over Bia-Derived Measurements Of Body Composition: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Crossover Design, Cassie M. Williamson, Brett S. Nickerson, Emily E. Bechke, Cherilyn N. Mclester, Brian Kliszczewicz
Faculty and Research Publications
Background Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is often used to estimate total body water (TBW), intracellular body water (ICW), extracellular body water (ECW), and body fat percentage (BF%). A common restriction for BIA analysis is abstinence from caffeine 12-h prior to testing. However, research has yet to determine whether the consumption of caffeine influences BIA testing results. The purpose of this study was to determine if the consumption of caffeine influences BIA-derived BF% and body water values in habitual caffeine users. Methods Twenty apparently healthy males (26.6 ± 4.1 years) identified as habitual caffeine consumers (≥ one 95 mg serving per …
Central Hemodynamics Measured During 5 Repetition Maximum Free Weight Resistance Exercise, Jonathan S. Howard, Cherilyn N. Mclester, Thomas W. Evans, John R. Mclester
Central Hemodynamics Measured During 5 Repetition Maximum Free Weight Resistance Exercise, Jonathan S. Howard, Cherilyn N. Mclester, Thomas W. Evans, John R. Mclester
Faculty and Research Publications
The PhysioFlow™ is a piece of equipment that uses bioimpedance cardiography to measure central hemodynamics. The purpose of this research was to explore the novel approach of monitoring central hemodynamics during free weight resistance exercise using bioimpedance cardiography throughout a 5 repetition maximum (5RM). Thirty participants ranging from beginner to advanced lifters (16 males and 14 females) completed a 5RM for back squat, seated push press, and bicep curl while connected to the PhysioFlow™ to assess the response of heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (Q), and ejection fraction (EF). Participants were cued for form and to breathe …