Immunology and Infectious Disease Commons^™

Calliobothrium Spp. (Eucestoda: Tetraphyllidea: Onchobothriidae) In Mustelus Schmitti (Chondrichthyes: Carcharhiniformes) From Argentina And Uruguay, Verónica A. Ivanov, Daniel R. Brooks

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

Three species of Calliobothrium inhabit the spiral intestine of Mustelus schmitti in Argentina and Uruguay. Calliobothrium verticillatum australis is redescribed and its taxonomic status modified to species as C. australis. Calliobothrium barbarae n. sp. can be distinguished from all other species of Calliobothrium, which are small bodied, nonlaciniate, and without accessory piece between the bases of axial hook, by worm length, number of segments, cocoon morphology, and hooks shape. Calliobothrium lunae n. sp. is different from other Calliobothrium spp., which are small bodied, nonlaciniate, and have an accessory piece, by the number of segments and testes, hook shape, …

Review Of Parasites And The Behaviour Of Animals By Janice Moore (Oxford University Press, 2002), Daniel R. Brooks

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

Review of Parasites and the Behaviour of Animals by Janice Moore (Oxford University Press, 2002).

Review Of Parasitism: The Diversity And Ecology Of Animal Parasites By Albert O. Bush, Jacqueline C. Fernández, Gerald W. Esch And J. Richard Seed (Cambridge University, 2002), Daniel R. Brooks

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

Review of Parasitism: The Diversity and Ecology of Animal Parasites by Albert O. Bush, Jacqueline C. Fernández, Gerald W. Esch and J. Richard Seed (Cambridge University, 2002).

The Birds Of St. Matthew Island, Bering Sea, Kevin Winker, Daniel D. Gibson, Arthur L. Sowls, Brian E. Lawhead, Philip D. Martin, Eric P. Hoberg, Douglas Causey

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

St. Matthew Island (608 249 N, 1728 429 W) and its small nearby satellites, Hall Island and Pinnacle Rock, are isolated in the north-central Bering Sea. This infrequently visited location occupies a geographic position with a deep Bering Land Bridge history and is in an area of interdigitation of the Old World, New World, and Beringian avifaunas. It is known for its three Beringian endemics, a bird (McKay’s Bunting, Plectrophenax hyperboreus), a small mammal, and a plant. This level of endemism is striking for a high-latitude island. The only previous summary of the avifauna of St. Matthew Island (Hanna …

Ashworthius Patriciapilittae N. Sp. (Trichostrongyloidea: Haemonchinae), An Abosomal Nematode In Odocoileus Virginianus From Costa Rica, And A New Record For The Species Of The Genus In The Western Hemisphere, Eric P. Hoberg, Arthur Abrams, Ramon A. Carreno, J. Ralph Lichtenfels

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

A species of Ashworthius is reported for the first time in the Western Hemisphere, and A. patriciapilittae n. sp. is described on the basis of specimens in white-tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus from Costa Rica. Among 8 known species, A. patriciapilittae is morphologically similar to A. tuyenquangi in red muntjac Muntjacus muntjak from northern Vietnam. The synlophe in A. patriciapilittae is composed of 26 ridges in the cervical zone and is continuous to the caudal extremity in males and females. Males are characterized by a complex dorsal ray and narrow trifurcate spicules (351-356 mm long) lacking an ‘‘eyelet,’’ with dissimilar ventral …

Description Of Paranoplocephala Etholeni N. Sp. (Cestoda: Anoplocephalidae) In The Meadow Vole Microtus Pennsylvanicus, With A Synopsis Of Paranoplocehala S. L. In Holarctic Rodents, Voitto Haukisalmi, H. Henttonen, J. Niemimaa, Robert L. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

Paranoplocephala etholeni n. sp, parasitizing the meadow vole Microtus pennsylvanicus in Alaska and Wisconsin, USA. is described Paranaplocephala etholeni is morphologically most closely related to the Nearctic Paranoplocephala ondatrae (Rausch, 1948). Available data suggest that P. etholeni is a host-specific, locally rare species that may have a wide but sporadic geographical distribution in North America. The finding of P. ondatrae-like cestodes in Microtus spp. suggests that this poorly known species may actually be a parasite of voles rather than muskrat (type host). A tabular synopsis of all the known species of Paranoplocephala s. I. in the Holarctic region with …

Bioorganic Studies In Aids: Synthetic Antifungals Against Pneumocystis Carinii Based On The Multivalency Concept, Langu Peng, Cunxiang Chen, Christian R. Gonzalez, Valeria Balogh-Nair

Publications and Research

We report the syntheses of antifungals containing the novel pharmacophores: oxaziridines, sulfonyloxaziridines, nitrones and nitronyl nitroxides. We hypothesized that multiple copies of the pharmacophore per molecule might be a prerequisite to enhance efficacy against the opportunistic pathogen, Pneumocystis carinii. Therefore structural optimization of the leads was based on this new “multivalency” approach. All bisoxaziridines were inactive, but a trisoxaziridine caused ca. 50% reduction of the number of P. carinii tropozoites, compared to TMP-SMX, and a hexaoxaziridine at 1 µg/ml showed activity comparable to the currently used drug, TMP-SMX. Insertion of three units of the nitronyl nitroxide pharmacophore per molecule afforded …

Cutting Edge: Persistent Viral Infection Prevents Tolerance Induction And Escapes Immune Control Following Cd28/Cd40 Blockade-Based Regimen, Thandi M. Onami, M. A. Williams, A. B. Adams, M. M. Durham, T. C. Pearson, R. Ahmed, C. P. Larsen

Microbiology Publications and Other Works

A continuing concern with CD28 and/or CD40 blockade-based strategies to induce tolerance and mixed chimerism is their potential to disrupt protective immunity to preexisting infections. In this report, we find that preexisting persistent infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) clone 13 prevents the induction of tolerance, mixed chimerism, and donor-reactive T cell deletion. Mice continue to be refractory to tolerance induction even after viremia has been resolved and virus is present only at very low levels in peripheral tissues. Conversely, we find that the full tolerance regimen, or costimulation blockade alone, specifically inhibits already ongoing antiviral immune responses, leading to …

Contributions To The Mammalogy Of Mongolia, With A Checklist Of The Species Of The Country, David S. Tinnin, Jon L. Dunnum, Jorge A. Salazar-Bravo, Nyamsuren Batsaikhan, M. Scott Burt, Scott Lyell Gardner, Terry L. Yates

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

We present accounts for 40 species of mammals collected from 15 localities in the Mongolian People's Republic. Accounts include taxonomic, morphometric, reproductive and ecological information, as well as trap effort and success. In addition, we include a brief history of mammalogical work within Mongolia, a taxonomically updated species list for the country, and a list of institutions with holdings of Mongolian mammals.

Redescriptions Of Haemonchus Mitchelli And Haemonchus Okapiae (Nematoda: Trichostrongyloidea) And Description Of A Unique Synlophe For The Haemonchinae, J. Ralph Lichtenfels, Patricia A. Pilitt, Lynda M. Gibbons, Eric P. Hoberg

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

In the course of a revision of Haemonchus Cobb, 1898 (Nematoda), commonly referred to as large stomach worms, significant new morphological information was discovered that allows the recognition of two species believed for more than 50 years to be synonymous. Both species, Haemonchus mitchelli Le Roux, 1929, from the eland Taurotragus oryx and other African ruminants and H. okapiae van den Berghe, 1937, from the okapi Okapia johnstoni, have a synlophe of 42 ridges, but the synlophe of H. mitchelli is longer than that of H. okapiae. The distal tip of the left spicule of H. mitchelli bears …

Are Pfiesteria Species Toxicogenic? Evidence Against Production Of Ichthyotoxins By Pfiesteria Shumwayae, Jp Berry, Kimberly S. Reece, Ks Rein, Dg Baden, Lw Haas, Wl Ribeiro, Jeffrey D. Shields, Rv Snyder, Wolfgang K. Vogelbein, Re Gawley

VIMS Articles

The estuarine genus Pfiesteria has received considerable attention since it was first identified and proposed to be the causative agent of fish kills along the mid-Atlantic coast in 1992. The presumption has been that the mechanism of fish death is by release of one or more toxins by the dinoflagellate. In this report, we challenge the notion that Pfiesteria species produce ichthyotoxins. Specifically, we show that (i) simple centrifugation, with and without ultrasonication, is sufficient to "detoxify" water of actively fish-killing cultures of Pfiesteria shumwayae, (ii) organic extracts of lyophilized cultures are not toxic to fish, (fit) degenerate primers that …

Glutathione Levels And Bax Activation During Apoptosis Due To Oxidative Stress In Cells Expressing Wild-Type And Mutant Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator, Thomas Jungas, Iris Motta, Francis Duffieux, Pascale Fanen, Veronique Stoven, David M. Ojcius

All Dugoni School of Dentistry Faculty Articles

Cystic fibrosis is characterized by chronic inflammation and an imbalance in the concentrations of alveolar and lung oxidants and antioxidants, which result in cell damage. Modifications in lung glutathione concentrations are recognized as a salient feature of inflammatory lung diseases such as cystic fibrosis, and glutathione plays a major role in protection against oxidative stress and is important in modulation of apoptosis. The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is permeable to Cl−, larger organic ions, and reduced and oxidized forms of glutathione, and the ΔF508 CFTR mutation found in cystic fibrosis patients has been correlated with impaired glutathione transport …

Human Exposure To Herpesvirus B–Seropositive Macaques, Bali, Indonesia, Gregory A. Engel, Lisa Jones-Engel, Michael A. Schillaci, Komang Gde Suaryana, Artha Putra, Agustin Fuentes, Richard Henkel

All Faculty Scholarship for the College of the Sciences

Herpesvirus B (Cercopithecine herpesvirus 1) has been implicated as the cause of approximately 40 cases of meningoencephalitis affecting persons in direct or indirect contact with laboratory macaques. However, the threat of herpesvirus B in nonlaboratory settings worldwide remains to be addressed. We investigated the potential for exposure to herpesvirus B in workers at a “monkey forest” (a temple that has become a tourist attraction because of its monkeys) in Bali, Indonesia. In July 2000, 105 workers at the Sangeh Monkey Forest in Central Bali were surveyed about contact with macaques (Macaca fascicularis). Nearly half of those interviewed had …

Molecular Cloning And Characterization Of A Novel Mouse Macrophage C-Type Lectin, Mmgl2, Which Has A Distinct Carbohydrate Specificity From Mmgl1, Thandi M. Onami, M. Tsuiji, M. Fujimori, Y. Ohashi, N. Higashi, S. M. Hendrick, T. Irimura

Microbiology Publications and Other Works

A novel mouse macrophage galactose-type C-type lectin 2 (mMGL2) was identified by BLAST analysis of expressed sequence tags. The sequence of mMGL2 is highly homologous to the mMGL, which should now be called mMGL1. The open reading frame of mMGL2 contains a sequence corresponding to a type II transmembrane protein with 332 amino acids having a single extracellular C-type lectin domain. The 3'-untranslated region included long terminal repeats of mouse early transposon. The Mgl2 gene was cloned from a 129/SvJ mouse genomic library and sequenced. The gene spans 7,136 base pairs and consists of 10 exons, which is similar to …

Generation Of Mice Deficient For Macrophage Galactose- And N-Acetylgalactosamine-Specific Lectin: Limited Role In Lymphoid And Erythroid Homeostasis And Evidence For Multiple Lectins, Thandi M. Onami, M. Y. Lin, D. M. Page, S. A. Reynolds, C. D. Katayama, J. D. Marth, T. Irimura, A. Varki, N. Varki, S. M. Hedrick

Microbiology Publications and Other Works

Macrophage receptors function in pattern recognition for the induction of innate immunity, in cellular communication to mediate the regulation of adaptive immune responses, and in the clearance of some glycosylated cells or glycoproteins from the circulation. They also function in homeostasis by initiating the engulfment of apoptotic cells. Evidence has suggested that macrophage receptors function to recognize cells that are destined for programmed cell death but not yet overtly apoptotic. We have examined the function of a macrophage receptor specific for unsialylated glycoproteins, known as the mouse macrophage galactose- and N-acetylgalactosamine-specific lectin (mMGL) (Ii et al., J. Biol. Chem. 265:11295-11298, …

New And Known Species Of Litomosoides (Nematoda: Filarioidea): Important Adult And Larval Characters And Taxonomic Changes, Ricardo Guerrero, Coralie Martin, Scott Lyell Gardner, Odile Bain

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

During field surveys in Venezuela, Peru, and French Guiana, species of Litomosoides were recovered from bats and from a didelphid marsupial. Their morphology was studied, giving particular attention to the head and caudal papillae, the spicules (used to distinguish the carinii and sigmodontis groups of Litomosoides), and the microfilariae. Litomosoides wilsoni sp. n. from the short-tailed opossum Monodelphis emiliae is described from Peru; Litomosoides brasiliensis, Litomosoides chandleri, and Litomosoides guiterasi from bats are redescribed, and new hosts are recorded. For the first time, larval stages were recovered from bats (one male and one female fourth-stage larvae of …

American Society Of Parasitologists Newsletter, V. 24, No. 2, July 2002, Scott Lyell Gardner

American Society of Parasitologists: Newsletter

An issue of the American Society of Parasitologists' quarterly newsletter, also called the Journal of Parasitology Newsletter.

Dynamic Regulation Of T Cell Immunity By Cd43, Thandi M. Onami, L. E. Harrington, M. A. Williams, M. Galvan, C. P. Larsen, T. C. Pearson, N. Manjunath, L. G. Baum, B. D. Pearce, R. Ahmed

Microbiology Publications and Other Works

During a viral response, Ag-specific effector T cells show dramatically increased binding by the mAb 1B11 and the lectin peanut agglutinin (PNA). We investigated the contribution of CD43 expression to 1B11 and PNA binding as well as its role in generation and maintenance of a CD8 T cell response. Analysis of CD43(-/-) mice revealed no increased 1B11 binding and reduced PNA binding on virus-specific CD8 T cells from -/- mice compared with +/+ mice. Furthermore, we examined the role of CD43 in the kinetics of an immune response. We show that CD43 expression modestly effects generation of a primary virus-specific …

All Tots Need Their Shots- Immunize By Two, Heidi Leblanc

All Archived Publications

This publication information about toddlers and shots and the recommended guidelines to follow.

Concurrent Infections And The Community Ecology Of Helminth Parasites, John J. Janovy Jr.

John Janovy Publications

A literature review of the topic of concurrent infections and the community ecology of helminth parasites.

Morphometric Analysis Of Nonadult Characters Of Common Species Of American Gordiids (Nematomorpha: Gordioidea), Ben Hanelt, John J. Janovy Jr.

John Janovy Publications

The nonadult stages, egg strings, eggs, larvae, and cysts of Gordius robustus, Paragordius varius, and Chordodes morgani are described morphometrically. The goal was to document the differences between species and to evaluate the usefulness of morphometrics in species identification. In concert, multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA, a posteriori contrasts) statistical tests demonstrated that each species is morphometrically distinguishable from all others. Additionally, discriminant function analysis indicated that postseptum length, pseudointestine length, and stylet width were the most important variables in the discrimination of species based on larval characters. Finally, differences in oviposition behaviors …

Bolbophorus Damnificus N. Sp. (Digenea: Bolbophoridae) From The Channel Catfish Ictalurus Punctatus And American White Pelican Pelecanus Erythrorhynchos In The Usa Based On Life-Cycle And Molecular Data, Robin M. Overstreet, Stephen S. Curran, Linda M. Pote, D. Tommy King, Charles K. Blend, Walter D. Grater

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

The common pathogenic prodiplostomulum metacercaria in the flesh, mostly near the skin, of pond-produced channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus has been demonstrated to be Bolbophorus damnificus Overstreet & Curran n. sp. The catfish acquires the infection from the snail Planorbella trivolvis, the only known first intermediate host, and the species is perpetuated through the American white pelican Pelecanus erythrorhynchos, as confirmed by experimental infections with nestling and dewormed adult pelican specimens in conjunction with molecular data. It differs from the cryptic species Bolbophorus sp., also found concurrently in the American white pelican, by having eggs 123–129 μm rather …

Inhibition Of Apoptosis By Gamma Interferon In Cells And Mice Infected With Chlamydia Muridarum (The Mouse Pneumonitis Strain Of Chlamydia Trachomatis), Jean-Luc Perfettini, Toni Darville, Alice Dautry-Varsat, Roger G. Rank, David M. Ojcius

All Dugoni School of Dentistry Faculty Articles

The effect of gamma interferon (IFN-γ) on apoptosis due to infection by Chlamydia muridarum (the mouse pneumonitis strain of Chlamydia trachomatis) was studied in epithelial cells in culture and in the genital tracts of mice. IFN-γ concentrations that induce the formation of aberrant, persistent chlamydiae inhibit apoptosis due to C. muridarum infection. In cells treated with an IFN-γ concentration that leads to the development of a heterogenous population of normal and aberrant Chlamydia vacuoles, apoptosis was inhibited preferentially in cells that contained the aberrant vacuoles. The inhibitory effect of IFN-γ appears to be due in part to expression of host …

Taking Evoultionary Transitions Seriously, Daniel R. Brooks

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

The distinction between reversible and irreversible phenomena in biological information systems provides a basis for distinguishing microevolution from macroevolution. Biological transitions encompass the entire class of irreversible changes in biological systems, including physiological and developmental phenomena. Evolutionary transitions are the subset of biological transitions that have an impact on the quality and quantity of biological information transmitted to future generations. Evolutionary transitions are manifested empirically as macroevolutionary changes, i.e. evolutionary changes that can be detected only through phylogenetic analysis among groups of species sharing a unique common ancestry.

Phylogenetic Analysis Based On 18s Ribosomal Rna Gene Sequences Supports The Existence Of Class Polyacanthocephala (Acanthocephala), Martin Garcia-Varela, Michael P. Cummings, Gerardo Perez-Ponce De Leon, Scott Lyell Gardner, Juan P. Laclette

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

Members of phylum Acanthocephala are parasites of vertebrates and arthropods and are distributed worldwide. The phylum has traditionally been divided into three classes, Archiacanthocephala, Palaeacanthocephala, and Eoacanthocephala; a fourth class, Polyacanthocephala, has been recently proposed. However, erection of this new class, based on morphological characters, has been controversial. We sequenced the near complete 18S rRNA gene of Polyacanthorhynchus caballeroi (Polyacanthocephala) and Rhadinorhynchus sp. (Palaeacanthocephala); these sequences were aligned with another 21 sequences of acanthocephalans representing the three widely recognized classes of the phylum and with 16 sequences from outgroup taxa. Phylogenetic relationships inferred by maximum-likelihood and maximum-parsimony analyses showed Archiacanthocephala …

Composition And Method For The Prevention And Treatment Of Oxidative Damage In Ocular Tissues, Marjorie F. Lou, Nalini Raghavachari;, Fengyu Qiao

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Thioltransferase and derivatives thereof are provided. Methods of treating or preventing cataract formation comprosing administering thioltransferase or a derivative thereof are also provided. Thioltransferase or derivatives thereof are also useful for treating or preventing diseases resulting from or associated with oxidative stress. Human lens thioltransferase and a DNA sequence encoding the same are also provided.

American Society Of Parasitologists Newsletter, V. 24, No. 1, March 2002, Scott Lyell Gardner

American Society of Parasitologists: Newsletter

An issue of the American Society of Parasitologists' quarterly newsletter, also called the Journal of Parasitology Newsletter.

Identical Its-1 And Its-2 Sequences Suggest Spiculopteragia Asymmetrica And Spiculopteragia Quadrispiculata (Nematoda: Trichostrongylidae) Constitute Morphologically Distinct Variants Of A Single Species (Research Notes), Mónica Santín-Durán, Concepción De La Fuente, José M. Alunda, Benjamin M. Rosenthal, Eric P. Hoberg

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

Sequences of ITS-1 and ITS-2 rDNA for adult males of Spiculopteragia asymmetrica,/i> and Spiculopteragia quadrispiculata in red deer (Cervus elaphus) were determined. They were found to be identical, suggesting that S. asymmetrica and S. quadrispiculata represent a single species and do not refute the concept of dimorphic species in the Spiculopteragia.

Synopsis Of Freshwater Crayfish Diseases And Commensal Organisms, Brett F. Edgerton, Louis H. Evans, Frances J. Stephens, Robin M. Overstreet

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

Disease agents and pests associated with freshwater crayfish fall into six main categories—viruses, bacteria, rickettsia-like organisms (RLOs), fungi, protists, and metazoans. Data and information on specific disease agents and pests from each of these categories are presented in this synopsis. Each agent or group of agents is considered under the following headings—condition, causative agent(s), life cycle/life history, epizootiology, pathology, pathogen viability. Information for the synopsis was obtained from the published literature and from personal contact with internationally recognized experts in freshwater crayfish aquaculture, biology, and disease. Data of relevance for import risk analysis are summarized.

Import risk analysis is the …

Osmosensitive Release Of Neurotransmitter Amino Acids: Relevance And Mechanisms, Herminia Pasantes-Morales, Rodrigo Franco, Lenin Ochoa, Benito Ordaz

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Hyposmolarity activates amino acid efflux as part of the corrective volume process in a variety of cells. This review discusses the mechanism of amino acid release in brain cells preparations. Results present evidence of substantial differences between the efflux of taurine and that of GABA and glu-tamate, which besides a possible role as osmolytes, have a main function as synaptic transmitters. The differences found concern the efflux time course, the sensitivity to Cl^– channel blockers, the modulation by tyrosine kinases, the influence of PKC and the effect of cytoskeleton disruptive agents. While taurine efflux features fit well with the …