Immunology and Infectious Disease Commons^™

Finding Them Before They Find Us: Informatics, Parasites, And Environments In Accelerating Climate Change, Daniel R. Brooks, Eric P. Hoberg, Walter A. Boeger, Scott Lyell Gardner, Kurt E. Galbreath, David Herczeg, Hugo H. Mejía-Madrid, S. Elizabeth Rácz, Altangerel Tsogtsaikhan Dursahinhan

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

Parasites are agents of disease in humans, livestock, crops, and wildlife and are powerful representations of the ecological and historical context of the diseases they cause. Recognizing a nexus of professional opportunities and global public need, we gathered at the Cedar Point Biological Station of the University of Nebraska in September 2012 to formulate a cooperative and broad platform for providing essential information about the evolution, ecology, and epidemiology of parasites across host groups, parasite groups, geographical regions, and ecosystem types. A general protocol, documentation–assessment–monitoring–action (DAMA), suggests an integrated proposal to build a proactive capacity to understand, anticipate, and respond …

Nagmia Rodmani N. Sp., Nagmia Cisloi N. Sp. And Probolitrema Richiardii (López, 1888) (Gorgoderidae: Anaporrhutinae) From Elasmobranchs In The Gulf Of California, Mexico, Stephen S. Curran, Charles K. Blend, Robin M. Overstreet

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

The generic diagnosis of Nagmia Nagaty, 1930, is emended to include species having some vitelline follicles extending into the extracecal space. Two new species belonging in the genus are described from the Gulf of California: Nagmia rodmani n. sp. from the body cavity of the giant electric ray, Narcine entemedor Jordan and Starks, 1895, and Nagmia cisloi n. sp. from the body cavity of the smoothtail mobula, Mobula thurstoni (Lloyd, 1908). Both species are distinguished from each other and the 13 other known congeners by the number of testicular follicles, ratio of widths of oral sucker to ventral sucker, and …

A Review Of Species In The Genus Rhopalias (Rudolphi, 1819), Terry R. Haverkost, Scott Lyell Gardner

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

Currently, there are 6 recognized species in the genus Rhopalias. These parasites are found in the small intestines of numerous species of marsupials throughout North and South America. Small mistakes in various classical taxonomic works have given rise to recent and numerous misidentifications of these species. In this work, we examine a total of 99 specimens across all species from museum collections in an attempt to determine informative taxonomic characters to distinguish these species. Despite confusion in the literature, accurate identification of these species can be achieved by observing the presence or absence of oral and flanking spines anterior …

Illustrated Identification Keys To Strongylid Parasites Strongyllidae Nematoda Of Horses Zebras And Asses Equidae, J. Ralph Lichtenfels, Vitaliy A. Kharchenko, Grigory M. Dvojnos

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

The Equidae (the horse, Equus caballus, the ass, Equus asinus, zebras and their hybrids) are hosts to a great variety of nematode parasites, some of which can cause significant morbidity or mortality if individual hosts are untreated. Worldwide the nematode parasites of horses belong to 7 suborders, 12 families, 29 genera and 83 species. The great majority (19 of 29 genera and 64 of 83 species) are members of the family Strongylidae, which includes the most common and pathogenic nematode parasites of horses. Only the Strongylidae are included in this treatise.

The Strongylidae (common name strongylids) of horses …

A Macroevolutionary Mosaic: Episodic Host-Switching, Geographical Colonization And Diversification In Complex Host–Parasite Systems [Special Paper], Eric P. Hoberg, Daniel R. Brooks

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

Aim: To integrate ecological fitting, the oscillation hypothesis and the taxon pulse hypothesis into a coherent null model for the evolution of complex host–parasite associations.

Location: Global.

Methods: This paper reviews and synthesizes literature that focuses on phylogenetic analyses and reciprocal mapping of a model system of hosts and their parasites to determine patterns of host–parasite associations and geographical distributions through time.

Results: Host-switching and geographical dispersal of parasites are common phenomena, occurring on many temporal and spatial scales. Diversification involving both co-evolution and colonization explains complex host–parasite associations. Across the expanse of Earth history, the major radiations in host– …

A New Species Of Dipetalonema (Filarioidea: Onchocercidae) From Ateles Chamek From The Beni Of Bolivia, Juliana Notarnicola, F. Agustin Jimenez-Ruiz, Scott Lyell Gardner

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

We describe a new species of Dipetalonema occurring in the body cavity of Ateles chamek (Humboldt, 1812) from north-central Bolivia. Morphologic characters serving to separate Dipetalonema yatesi n. sp. from known forms include a vagina vera with a simple tube and thin walls and a left spicule, which possesses a handle shorter than the lamina (ratio 2.7); the latter displays an anterior membranous alae similar in length to the terminal flagellum, a distal extremity of the left spicule within a simple hook and a membrane, phasmids at the basis of the lappets, and heterogeneous muscles occupying the whole cavity. Dipetalonema …

Tadaridanema Delicatus (Schwartz, 1927) N. Gen., N. Comb. (Trichostrongylina: Molineidae) Parasite Of Molossidae Bats, Jorge Falcon-Ordaz, Carmen Guzman-Cornejo, Luis Garcia-Prieto, Scott Lyell Gardner

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

On the basis of the revision of the type material of Anoplostrongylus delicatus Schwartz, 1927, and new specimens collected from Tadarida brasiliensis mexicana (Saussure, 1860) in 4 arid localities from Mexico, we describe a new genus (Tadaridanema n. gen.), to which A. delicatus is transferred (as Tadaridanema delicatus (Schwartz, 1927) n. gen., n. comb.). This new genus differs from all other genera included in noplostrongylinae by having ray 2 larger than ray 3. In addition, T. delicatus can be differentiated from the type species of Anoplostrongylus (Anoplostrongylus paradoxus (Travassos, 1918)) because it possess vestibular branches equal in length, cephalic inflation …

Aspidoderidae From North America, With The Description Of A New Species Of Aspidodera (Nematoda: Heterakoidea), F. Agustin Jimenez-Ruiz, Scott Lyell Gardner, Andrea S. Varela-Stokes

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

Aspidodera sogandaresi n. sp. (Heterakoidea: Aspidoderidae) from Dasypus novemcinctus Linnaeus, 1758 is herein described. This nematode occurs in armadillos from as far south as the canal zone of Panama, north through central Mexico, and into the southern United States. Previously identified as Aspidodera fasciata (Schneider, 1866), this new species has blunt projections on the lips and lateral expansions at the distal tips of the spicules, whereas A. fasciata has conspicuous digitiform projections on the lips, and a terminal round expansion at the tips of the spicules. Other species of the family present in North America include Aspidodera binansata Railliet and …

Bolivian Ectoparasites: A New Species Of Laelapine Mite (Acari: Parasitiformes, Laelapidae) From The Rodent Neacomys Spinosus, Donald Gettinger, Scott Lyell Gardner

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

Laelaps neacomydis n. sp. is described from the pelage of the rodent Neacomys spinosus collected in Bolivia. Collection records from northern Brazil, southeastern Peru, and central Bolivia indicate its wide distribution across Amazonas associated with rodents of the genus Neacomys. The formal taxonomic description and illustrations are derived from the adults (female and male). Two larger species of laelapine mites, Gigantolaelaps intermedius and L. boultoni, infest the same hosts at the same localities.

Family Rhopaliidae Looss, 1899, Valentin V. Radev, Scott Lyell Gardner, Ivan Kanev

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

Members of the family Rhopaliidae Looss, 1899 include digenetic trematodes that are parasites of marsupials in the Nearctic and Neotropical regions. These forms are characterized by having two anteriorly directed proboscides armed with spines and situated bilaterally relative to the oral sucker. The family was first established by Looss (1899) as the Rhopaliadae. Braun (1901b) incorrectly spelled the subfamily name as Rhopaliadinae. These trematodes were further studied and redescribed by Fuhrmann (1928) and Bresslau (1932), while Pratt (1902) appears to have been the first to consider the group to be related to the schinostomes. Viana (1924) emended the spelling of …

A New Species Of Pelecitus (Filarioidea: Onchocercidae) From The Endnagered Tehuantepec Jackrabbit Lepus Flavigularis, F. Agustin Jimenez-Ruiz, Scott Lyell Gardner, Fernando A. Cervantes, Consuelo Lorenzo

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

Pelecitus meridionaleporinus n. sp. from the Tehuantepec jackrabbit is described. The new species differs from Pelecitus helicinus (Molin, 1860) in having delicate transverse striations, a salient vulva, and a readily apparent preesophageal ring; P. helicinus has teardrop cells around the vulva, which are lacking in the species presently described. The new species is different from Pelecitus scapiceps (Leidy, 1886) in having the vulva anterior to the esophageal–intestinal junction and wider lateral alae. Pelecitus scapiceps is found in the tarsal bursa of the hind feet of lagomorphs, whereas P. helicinus is found around tendons of legs and feet of birds. Pelecitus …

Prevalence Of Parasites In Amphipods Diporeia Spp. From Lakes Michigan And Huron, Usa, Gretchen A. Messick, Robin M. Overstreet, Thomas F. Nalepa, Sue Tyler

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

Amphipods of Diporeia spp. have declined considerably during the last decade in the Great Lakes. We examined the possibility that disease may be affecting these populations. A histological survey assessed the parasites in species of Diporeia within Lakes Huron and Michigan, USA, and the host response to some of them and to unknown factors. Amphipods were found to have an intranuclear inclusion body, and were hosts to a rickettsia-like organism, fungi, a haplosporidian, a microsporidian, epibiotic ciliates, a gregarine, a cestode, acanthocephalans and nodule formations. Epibiotic ciliates were most common (37% prevalence of infection), but a microsporidian (3.8%), a rickettsia-like …

The Nematode Fauna Of Long-Nosed Mice Oxymycterus Spp. From The Bolivian Yungas, F. Agustin Jimenez-Ruiz, Scott Lyell Gardner

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

During a long-term survey of the parasites of mammals from all over Bolivia, 44 individuals of Oxymycterus inca and 6 of Oxymycterus paramensis were collected and examined for parasites from the foothills and Eastern Cordillera (Los Yungas) of the Andes of Bolivia. Three species of nematode were found including, from the cecum, a previously unknown genus and species of pinworm, Caroloxyuris boliviensis n. gen, n. sp., aspidoderids representing Nematomystes rodentophilus, and from the stomach, Protospirura numidica criceticola. These helminths occurred in prevalences of 25, 9, and 14%, respectively, in O. paramensis. Caroloxyuris boliviensis resembles species included in …

Bibliography Of Helminth Species Described From African Vertebrates 1800-1967, Albert G. Canaris, Scott Lyell Gardner

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

Parasite lists, hosts lists, and bibliographies for Trematoda, Cestoda, Nematoda, and Acanthocephala.
100 pages.

Worms, Nematoda, Scott Lyell Gardner

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

Nematodes are the most speciose phylum of metazoa on earth. Not only do they occur in huge numbers as parasites of all known animal groups, but also they are found in the soils, as parasites of plants, and in large numbers in the most extreme environments, from the Antarctic dry valleys to the benthos of the ocean. They are extremely variable in their morphological characteristics, with each group showing morphological adapta­tions to the environment that they inhabit. Soil-dwelling forms are extremely small; many marine species have long and complex setae; and parasitic species man­ifest amazingly great reproductive potential and large …

Spiculopteragia Spiculoptera And S. Asymmetrica (Nematoda: Trichostrongyloidea) From Red Deer (Cervus Elaphus) In Texas, Lora G. Rickard, Eric P. Hoberg, Nancy M. Allen, Gary L. Zimmerman, Thomas M. Craig

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

Specimens of Spiculopteragia spiculoptera and S. asymmetrica were recovered from the abomasa of five of ten naturally infected red deer (Cervus elaphus) in Texas (USA). Female specimens of Spiculopteragia were present in all five animals. Male specimens of S. spiculoptera and S. asymmetrica were present in one of five and three of five red deer, respectively. Spiculopteragia spiculoptera has not previously been recognized in the United States and the present report constitutes the first records of Spiculopteragia spp. in red deer from North America. It is likely that species of Spiculopteragia have been introduced to North America with …

Critical Comment: Designation And Curatorial Management Of Type Host Specimens (Symbiotypes) For New Parasite Species, Jennifer K. Frey, Terry L. Yates, Donald Duszynski, William L. Gannon, Scott Lyell Gardner

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

The accurate identification of a host organism is an important component in the taxonomic recognition of a new species of parasite. Correct identification, curatorial management, and safekeeping of the host specimen from which a parasite type specimen is collected is also desirable. We recommend that the host from which the type of a new parasite species is described should be designated as a symbiotype.

Parasites As Probes For Biodiversity, Scott Lyell Gardner, Mariel L. Campbell

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

Cestodes of the genus Linstowia, parasitic in marsupials, show patterns of coevolution and ancient historical-ecological connections. Correlated with the breakup of the austral landmasses (Gondwanaland) of the Neotropical and Australian regions from the Antarctic continent, the age of this host-parasite community is estimated to be between 60 and 70 million years old. Based on the data from the survey of parasites of mammals from throughout Bolivia and from the phylogenetic analysis of the cestodes, we urge the planners of biodiversity preserves in the neotropics to consider the Yungas of Bolivia as a region that supports an ancient ecological community …

A List Of Cestode Parasites From California Mammals, Marietta Voge

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

This report brings together information on the occurrence and distribution of cestode parasites in California mammals. The original information reported herein, was obtained by students, myself, and other staff members of this university. Although the host-parasite list which follows is far from complete, the dearth of knowledge about the helminth fauna in California seems to justify the publication of relatively few data, in the hope that other workers will be able to use this list as a starting point and add to it.

With few exceptions, the common names of the hosts, as given in the host list, were obtained …