Immunology and Infectious Disease Commons^™

Calliobothrium Spp. (Eucestoda: Tetraphyllidea: Onchobothriidae) In Mustelus Schmitti (Chondrichthyes: Carcharhiniformes) From Argentina And Uruguay, Verónica A. Ivanov, Daniel R. Brooks

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

Three species of Calliobothrium inhabit the spiral intestine of Mustelus schmitti in Argentina and Uruguay. Calliobothrium verticillatum australis is redescribed and its taxonomic status modified to species as C. australis. Calliobothrium barbarae n. sp. can be distinguished from all other species of Calliobothrium, which are small bodied, nonlaciniate, and without accessory piece between the bases of axial hook, by worm length, number of segments, cocoon morphology, and hooks shape. Calliobothrium lunae n. sp. is different from other Calliobothrium spp., which are small bodied, nonlaciniate, and have an accessory piece, by the number of segments and testes, hook shape, …

Review Of Parasites And The Behaviour Of Animals By Janice Moore (Oxford University Press, 2002), Daniel R. Brooks

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

Review of Parasites and the Behaviour of Animals by Janice Moore (Oxford University Press, 2002).

Review Of Parasitism: The Diversity And Ecology Of Animal Parasites By Albert O. Bush, Jacqueline C. Fernández, Gerald W. Esch And J. Richard Seed (Cambridge University, 2002), Daniel R. Brooks

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

Review of Parasitism: The Diversity and Ecology of Animal Parasites by Albert O. Bush, Jacqueline C. Fernández, Gerald W. Esch and J. Richard Seed (Cambridge University, 2002).

The Birds Of St. Matthew Island, Bering Sea, Kevin Winker, Daniel D. Gibson, Arthur L. Sowls, Brian E. Lawhead, Philip D. Martin, Eric P. Hoberg, Douglas Causey

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

St. Matthew Island (608 249 N, 1728 429 W) and its small nearby satellites, Hall Island and Pinnacle Rock, are isolated in the north-central Bering Sea. This infrequently visited location occupies a geographic position with a deep Bering Land Bridge history and is in an area of interdigitation of the Old World, New World, and Beringian avifaunas. It is known for its three Beringian endemics, a bird (McKay’s Bunting, Plectrophenax hyperboreus), a small mammal, and a plant. This level of endemism is striking for a high-latitude island. The only previous summary of the avifauna of St. Matthew Island (Hanna …

Ashworthius Patriciapilittae N. Sp. (Trichostrongyloidea: Haemonchinae), An Abosomal Nematode In Odocoileus Virginianus From Costa Rica, And A New Record For The Species Of The Genus In The Western Hemisphere, Eric P. Hoberg, Arthur Abrams, Ramon A. Carreno, J. Ralph Lichtenfels

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

A species of Ashworthius is reported for the first time in the Western Hemisphere, and A. patriciapilittae n. sp. is described on the basis of specimens in white-tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus from Costa Rica. Among 8 known species, A. patriciapilittae is morphologically similar to A. tuyenquangi in red muntjac Muntjacus muntjak from northern Vietnam. The synlophe in A. patriciapilittae is composed of 26 ridges in the cervical zone and is continuous to the caudal extremity in males and females. Males are characterized by a complex dorsal ray and narrow trifurcate spicules (351-356 mm long) lacking an ‘‘eyelet,’’ with dissimilar ventral …

Description Of Paranoplocephala Etholeni N. Sp. (Cestoda: Anoplocephalidae) In The Meadow Vole Microtus Pennsylvanicus, With A Synopsis Of Paranoplocehala S. L. In Holarctic Rodents, Voitto Haukisalmi, H. Henttonen, J. Niemimaa, Robert L. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

Paranoplocephala etholeni n. sp, parasitizing the meadow vole Microtus pennsylvanicus in Alaska and Wisconsin, USA. is described Paranaplocephala etholeni is morphologically most closely related to the Nearctic Paranoplocephala ondatrae (Rausch, 1948). Available data suggest that P. etholeni is a host-specific, locally rare species that may have a wide but sporadic geographical distribution in North America. The finding of P. ondatrae-like cestodes in Microtus spp. suggests that this poorly known species may actually be a parasite of voles rather than muskrat (type host). A tabular synopsis of all the known species of Paranoplocephala s. I. in the Holarctic region with …

Contributions To The Mammalogy Of Mongolia, With A Checklist Of The Species Of The Country, David S. Tinnin, Jon L. Dunnum, Jorge A. Salazar-Bravo, Nyamsuren Batsaikhan, M. Scott Burt, Scott Lyell Gardner, Terry L. Yates

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

We present accounts for 40 species of mammals collected from 15 localities in the Mongolian People's Republic. Accounts include taxonomic, morphometric, reproductive and ecological information, as well as trap effort and success. In addition, we include a brief history of mammalogical work within Mongolia, a taxonomically updated species list for the country, and a list of institutions with holdings of Mongolian mammals.

Redescriptions Of Haemonchus Mitchelli And Haemonchus Okapiae (Nematoda: Trichostrongyloidea) And Description Of A Unique Synlophe For The Haemonchinae, J. Ralph Lichtenfels, Patricia A. Pilitt, Lynda M. Gibbons, Eric P. Hoberg

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

In the course of a revision of Haemonchus Cobb, 1898 (Nematoda), commonly referred to as large stomach worms, significant new morphological information was discovered that allows the recognition of two species believed for more than 50 years to be synonymous. Both species, Haemonchus mitchelli Le Roux, 1929, from the eland Taurotragus oryx and other African ruminants and H. okapiae van den Berghe, 1937, from the okapi Okapia johnstoni, have a synlophe of 42 ridges, but the synlophe of H. mitchelli is longer than that of H. okapiae. The distal tip of the left spicule of H. mitchelli bears …

New And Known Species Of Litomosoides (Nematoda: Filarioidea): Important Adult And Larval Characters And Taxonomic Changes, Ricardo Guerrero, Coralie Martin, Scott Lyell Gardner, Odile Bain

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

During field surveys in Venezuela, Peru, and French Guiana, species of Litomosoides were recovered from bats and from a didelphid marsupial. Their morphology was studied, giving particular attention to the head and caudal papillae, the spicules (used to distinguish the carinii and sigmodontis groups of Litomosoides), and the microfilariae. Litomosoides wilsoni sp. n. from the short-tailed opossum Monodelphis emiliae is described from Peru; Litomosoides brasiliensis, Litomosoides chandleri, and Litomosoides guiterasi from bats are redescribed, and new hosts are recorded. For the first time, larval stages were recovered from bats (one male and one female fourth-stage larvae of …

American Society Of Parasitologists Newsletter, V. 24, No. 2, July 2002, Scott Lyell Gardner

American Society of Parasitologists: Newsletter

An issue of the American Society of Parasitologists' quarterly newsletter, also called the Journal of Parasitology Newsletter.

Concurrent Infections And The Community Ecology Of Helminth Parasites, John J. Janovy Jr.

John Janovy Publications

A literature review of the topic of concurrent infections and the community ecology of helminth parasites.

Morphometric Analysis Of Nonadult Characters Of Common Species Of American Gordiids (Nematomorpha: Gordioidea), Ben Hanelt, John J. Janovy Jr.

John Janovy Publications

The nonadult stages, egg strings, eggs, larvae, and cysts of Gordius robustus, Paragordius varius, and Chordodes morgani are described morphometrically. The goal was to document the differences between species and to evaluate the usefulness of morphometrics in species identification. In concert, multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA, a posteriori contrasts) statistical tests demonstrated that each species is morphometrically distinguishable from all others. Additionally, discriminant function analysis indicated that postseptum length, pseudointestine length, and stylet width were the most important variables in the discrimination of species based on larval characters. Finally, differences in oviposition behaviors …

Bolbophorus Damnificus N. Sp. (Digenea: Bolbophoridae) From The Channel Catfish Ictalurus Punctatus And American White Pelican Pelecanus Erythrorhynchos In The Usa Based On Life-Cycle And Molecular Data, Robin M. Overstreet, Stephen S. Curran, Linda M. Pote, D. Tommy King, Charles K. Blend, Walter D. Grater

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

The common pathogenic prodiplostomulum metacercaria in the flesh, mostly near the skin, of pond-produced channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus has been demonstrated to be Bolbophorus damnificus Overstreet & Curran n. sp. The catfish acquires the infection from the snail Planorbella trivolvis, the only known first intermediate host, and the species is perpetuated through the American white pelican Pelecanus erythrorhynchos, as confirmed by experimental infections with nestling and dewormed adult pelican specimens in conjunction with molecular data. It differs from the cryptic species Bolbophorus sp., also found concurrently in the American white pelican, by having eggs 123–129 μm rather …

Taking Evoultionary Transitions Seriously, Daniel R. Brooks

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

The distinction between reversible and irreversible phenomena in biological information systems provides a basis for distinguishing microevolution from macroevolution. Biological transitions encompass the entire class of irreversible changes in biological systems, including physiological and developmental phenomena. Evolutionary transitions are the subset of biological transitions that have an impact on the quality and quantity of biological information transmitted to future generations. Evolutionary transitions are manifested empirically as macroevolutionary changes, i.e. evolutionary changes that can be detected only through phylogenetic analysis among groups of species sharing a unique common ancestry.

Phylogenetic Analysis Based On 18s Ribosomal Rna Gene Sequences Supports The Existence Of Class Polyacanthocephala (Acanthocephala), Martin Garcia-Varela, Michael P. Cummings, Gerardo Perez-Ponce De Leon, Scott Lyell Gardner, Juan P. Laclette

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

Members of phylum Acanthocephala are parasites of vertebrates and arthropods and are distributed worldwide. The phylum has traditionally been divided into three classes, Archiacanthocephala, Palaeacanthocephala, and Eoacanthocephala; a fourth class, Polyacanthocephala, has been recently proposed. However, erection of this new class, based on morphological characters, has been controversial. We sequenced the near complete 18S rRNA gene of Polyacanthorhynchus caballeroi (Polyacanthocephala) and Rhadinorhynchus sp. (Palaeacanthocephala); these sequences were aligned with another 21 sequences of acanthocephalans representing the three widely recognized classes of the phylum and with 16 sequences from outgroup taxa. Phylogenetic relationships inferred by maximum-likelihood and maximum-parsimony analyses showed Archiacanthocephala …

Composition And Method For The Prevention And Treatment Of Oxidative Damage In Ocular Tissues, Marjorie F. Lou, Nalini Raghavachari;, Fengyu Qiao

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Thioltransferase and derivatives thereof are provided. Methods of treating or preventing cataract formation comprosing administering thioltransferase or a derivative thereof are also provided. Thioltransferase or derivatives thereof are also useful for treating or preventing diseases resulting from or associated with oxidative stress. Human lens thioltransferase and a DNA sequence encoding the same are also provided.

American Society Of Parasitologists Newsletter, V. 24, No. 1, March 2002, Scott Lyell Gardner

American Society of Parasitologists: Newsletter

An issue of the American Society of Parasitologists' quarterly newsletter, also called the Journal of Parasitology Newsletter.

Identical Its-1 And Its-2 Sequences Suggest Spiculopteragia Asymmetrica And Spiculopteragia Quadrispiculata (Nematoda: Trichostrongylidae) Constitute Morphologically Distinct Variants Of A Single Species (Research Notes), Mónica Santín-Durán, Concepción De La Fuente, José M. Alunda, Benjamin M. Rosenthal, Eric P. Hoberg

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

Sequences of ITS-1 and ITS-2 rDNA for adult males of Spiculopteragia asymmetrica,/i> and Spiculopteragia quadrispiculata in red deer (Cervus elaphus) were determined. They were found to be identical, suggesting that S. asymmetrica and S. quadrispiculata represent a single species and do not refute the concept of dimorphic species in the Spiculopteragia.

Synopsis Of Freshwater Crayfish Diseases And Commensal Organisms, Brett F. Edgerton, Louis H. Evans, Frances J. Stephens, Robin M. Overstreet

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

Disease agents and pests associated with freshwater crayfish fall into six main categories—viruses, bacteria, rickettsia-like organisms (RLOs), fungi, protists, and metazoans. Data and information on specific disease agents and pests from each of these categories are presented in this synopsis. Each agent or group of agents is considered under the following headings—condition, causative agent(s), life cycle/life history, epizootiology, pathology, pathogen viability. Information for the synopsis was obtained from the published literature and from personal contact with internationally recognized experts in freshwater crayfish aquaculture, biology, and disease. Data of relevance for import risk analysis are summarized.

Import risk analysis is the …

Osmosensitive Release Of Neurotransmitter Amino Acids: Relevance And Mechanisms, Herminia Pasantes-Morales, Rodrigo Franco, Lenin Ochoa, Benito Ordaz

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Hyposmolarity activates amino acid efflux as part of the corrective volume process in a variety of cells. This review discusses the mechanism of amino acid release in brain cells preparations. Results present evidence of substantial differences between the efflux of taurine and that of GABA and glu-tamate, which besides a possible role as osmolytes, have a main function as synaptic transmitters. The differences found concern the efflux time course, the sensitivity to Cl^– channel blockers, the modulation by tyrosine kinases, the influence of PKC and the effect of cytoskeleton disruptive agents. While taurine efflux features fit well with the …

Wallinia Chavarriae N. Sp. (Trematoda: Macroderoididae) In Astyanax Aeneus (Günther, 1860) And Bryconamericus Scleroparius (Regan, 1908) (Osteichthyes: Characidae) From The Área De Conservación Guanacaste, Costa Rica, Anindo Choudhury, Rita Hartvigsen Daverdin, Daniel R. Brooks

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

Wallinia chavarriae n. sp. is described from the small-bodied characids Astyanax aeneus and Bryconamericus scleroparius in the Área de Conservación Guanacaste, northwestern Costa Rica. The species differs from W. valenciae in possessing an acetabulum that is smaller than the oral sucker and vitelline follicles that are ovoid or rounded rather than elongate and tubular. Detailed comparison between these two species is handicapped by the less than satisfactory condition of the type and only museum specimen of W. valenciae. Wallinia chavarriae and W. valenciae belong to a subfamily of trematodes, Walliniinae, that arguably includes Creptotrematina spp., Magnivitellum simplex, and …

Book Review: Interrelationships Of The Platyhelminthes, Scott Lyell Gardner

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

A review by Scott L. Gardner of Interrelationships of the Playthelminths by D. T. Littlewood and R. A. Bray (London: Taylor & Francis, 2001; 365 p.; ISBN: 0748409033).

Yungasicola Travassosi Gen. N., Sp. N. (Digenea: Dicrocoeliidae: Eurytrematinae) From Two Species Of Grass Mice Of The Genus Akodon Meyen (Rodentia: Muridae) From The Yungas Of Bolivia, Scott Lyell Gardner, Gerardo Perez-Ponce De Leon

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

A new species and genus of digenetic trematode of the family Dicrocoeliidae is described from 2 species of grass mice, Akodon fumeus and Akodon mimus, both collected from an isolated area in the eastern part of the Andes mountains or Yungas of Bolivia. This species differs from all known dicrocoeliids in the unique disposition of the vitelline fields, the much less extensive uterus through the body of the worm (extending posteriad only just past the midline), and cecal branches that are generally conspicuous and lined with a thick layer of glandular epithelial tissue.

Methods And Compositions For Protection Against Bovine Viral Diseases, Subramaniam Srikumaran

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

The present invention relates to methods and compositions for eliciting an immune response against bovine viral epitopes. The methods comprise combining at least one heat shock protein with at least one bovine viral epitope to form a purified epitope/heat shock protein complex and administration of an immune system stimulating amount of the purified epitope/heat shock protein complex. The compositions comprise, a purified epitope/heat shock protein complex comprising at least one bovine viral epitope complexed with at least one heat shock protein, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent or excipient.

Distribution And Prevalence Of Echinococcus Multilocularis In Wild Predators In Nebraska, Kansas, And Wyoming, S. T. Stroandt, D. R. Virchow, M. W. Dryden, Scott E. Hygnstrom, K. R. Kazacos

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

To further determine the distribution and prevalence of Echinococcus multilocularis in the central United States, 245 wild canids (125 red foxes, 120 coyotes) and 33 bobcats were collected from Nebraska, Kansas, and Wyoming and examined for this parasite. Animals examined included 11 red foxes from the western panhandle of Nebraska; 5 red foxes and 30 coyotes from southern Nebraska; 56 red foxes and 1 coyote from northeastern Nebraska; 20 red foxes, 63 coyotes, and 13 bobcats from northern Kansas; 2 red foxes, 26 coyotes, and 20 bobcats from southern Kansas; and 31 red foxes from eastcentral Wyoming. Of these, 27 …

Coccidia (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) Of The Mammalian Order Chiroptera, Donald W. Duszynski

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

The coccidia are protists (phylum Apicomplexa) that, likely, are both the most abundant (numbers of individual zoites) and most speciose of all the kinds of parasites found in/on mammals. They also are among the least studied and understood, with the exception of those species that cause pathology in domesticated Artiodactyla. In this review, I focus only on the largest family of the phylum, Eimeriidae Minchin, 1903, because its members often are among the most prevalent apicomplexans of mammals, and because there has never been a taxonomic summation for those species that infect Chirpotera. In all published descriptions of bat coccidia, …

The Structure Of The Nucleus Of Odonaticola Polyhamatus (Gregarinea: Actinocephalidae), A Parasite Of Mnais Strigata (Hagen) (Odonata: Calopterygidae), Kasumi Hoshide, John J. Janovy Jr.

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

The nucleus of Odonaticola polyhamatus was isolated from the body and observed with light, scanning electron and transmission electron microscopy. The nucleus had a thick thread-like structure with which it was tied to the septum. This thread-like structure has not been reported or described previously. The gregarine nuclear surface was covered with a fine fibrous net. This is the first report of the surface structure of a gregarine nucleus as revealed by SEM. Inside the nuclear membrane was a thin honeycomb layer similar to that reported for some other gregarines. Several spherical nucleoli and numerous electron dense small structures were …

Foundations For An Integrative Parasitology: Collections, Archives, And Biodiversity Informatics, Eric P. Hoberg

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

Burgeoning awareness about biodiversity emphasizes the fundamental importance of museum collections and the contributions of systematists and taxonomists in documenting the structure and history of the biosphere. An essential role is served by this infrastructure in collecting, preparing, analyzing, and disseminating information about the specimens that represent species, document a range of complex biological associations from symbioses to parasitism, and form the tapestry and the myriad facets of biodiversity (e.g., Wilson, 2000). As parasitologists we can examine how we may contribute to this broader documentation and understanding of global biodiversity, and we can articulate and communicate our role as vital …

Ecology And Host Specificity Of Laelapine Mites (Acari: Laelapidae) Of Small Mammals In An Atlantic Forest Area Of Brazil, Fernanda Martins-Hatano, Donald Gettinger, Helena G. Bergallo

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

Mesostigmaticm ites of the Laelapinae Berlese, 1892 (Acari:Laelapidae) are nidicolous arthropods that commonly occur in the fur of Neotropical small mammmals. In this 2-yr study, the laelapine acarofauna associated with the small mammal community in an area of Atlantic forest on Ilha Grande, Rio de Janeiro State, was examined, including observations on patterns of host specificity, mite dispersal, ecology, and food habits. A total of 1,347 laelapines was sampled from the pelage of 6 species of small mammals( Marmosops incanus, Nectomyss quamipes, Oryzomys russatus, Rhipidomys n. sp., Oxymycterus dasytrichus, and Trinomys dimidiatus), all of which occurred exclusively in …

Influence Of Protein Tyrosine Kinases On Cell Volume Change-Induced Taurine Release, Herminia Pasantes-Morales, Rodrigo Franco

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Taurine efflux occurs in association with cell swelling in both hyposmotic and isosmotic conditions and during cell shrinkage in apoptotic death. Release occurs through a leak pathway, is largely Ca²⁺-independent and is sensitive to Cl^– channel blockers. Taurine efflux elicited by hyposmolarity is reduced or suppressed by tyrosine kinase blockers and increased by tyrosine phosphatase inhibitors. The specific kinases involved are still unknown and may be different in the various cell types. Non-receptor and scr-related protein kinases have been identified in some cells as elements that directly phosphorylate the taurine efflux pathway. Possible tyrosine kinase targets are …