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Articles 1 - 30 of 65
Full-Text Articles in Genetics and Genomics
Tal Effector-Nucleotide Targeter (Tale-Nt) 2.0: Tools For Tal Effector Design And Target Prediction, Erin L. Doyle, Nicholas J. Booher, Daniel S. Standage, Daniel F. Voytas, Volker P. Brendel, John K. Vandyk, Adam J. Bogdanove
Tal Effector-Nucleotide Targeter (Tale-Nt) 2.0: Tools For Tal Effector Design And Target Prediction, Erin L. Doyle, Nicholas J. Booher, Daniel S. Standage, Daniel F. Voytas, Volker P. Brendel, John K. Vandyk, Adam J. Bogdanove
Nicholas J. Booher
Transcription activator-like (TAL) effectors are repeat-containing proteins used by plant pathogenic bacteria to manipulate host gene expression. Repeats are polymorphic and individually specify single nucleotides in the DNA target, with some degeneracy. A TAL effector-nucleotide binding code that links repeat type to specified nucleotide enables prediction of genomic binding sites for TAL effectors and customization of TAL effectors for use in DNA targeting, in particular as custom transcription factors for engineered gene regulation and as site-specific nucleases for genome editing. We have developed a suite of web-based tools called TAL Effector-Nucleotide Targeter 2.0 (TALE-NT 2.0;https://boglab.plp.iastate.edu/) that enables design …
Inferring Processes Of Coevolutionary Diversification In A Community Of Panamanian Strangler Figs And Associated Pollinating Wasps, Jordan D. Satler, Edward Allen Herre, K. Charlotte Jandér, Deren A. R. Eaton, Carlos A. Machado, Tracy A. Heath, John D. Nason
Inferring Processes Of Coevolutionary Diversification In A Community Of Panamanian Strangler Figs And Associated Pollinating Wasps, Jordan D. Satler, Edward Allen Herre, K. Charlotte Jandér, Deren A. R. Eaton, Carlos A. Machado, Tracy A. Heath, John D. Nason
Tracy Heath
The fig and pollinator wasp obligate mutualism is diverse (~750 described species), ecologically important, and ancient (~80-90 Ma), providing model systems for generating and testing many questions in evolution and ecology. Once thought to be a prime example of strict one-to-one cospeciation, current thinking suggests that genera of pollinator wasps coevolve with corresponding subsections of figs, but the degree to which cospeciation or other processes contributes to the association at finer scales is unclear. Here we use genome-wide sequence data from a community of Panamanian strangler figs (Ficus subgenus Urostigma, section Americana) and associated fig wasp pollinators …
The Wings Of Bombyx Mori Develop From Larval Discs Exhibiting An Early Differentiated State: A Preliminary Report, Madhuri Kango-Singh, Amit Singh, K. P. Gopinathan
The Wings Of Bombyx Mori Develop From Larval Discs Exhibiting An Early Differentiated State: A Preliminary Report, Madhuri Kango-Singh, Amit Singh, K. P. Gopinathan
Madhuri Kango-Singh
Lepidopteran insects present a complex organization of appendages which develop by various mechanisms. In the mulberry silkworm, Bombyx mori, a pair of meso- and meta-thoracic discs located on either side in the larvae gives rise to the corresponding fore- and hind-wings of the adult. These discs do not experience massive cell rearrangements during metamorphosis and display the adult wing vein pattern. We have analysed wing development in B. mori by two approaches, viz., expression of patterning genes in larval wing discs, and regulatory capacities of larval discs following explantation or perturbation. Expression of Nubbin is seen all over the presumptive …
The Wings Of Bombyx Mori Develop From Larval Discs Exhibiting An Early Differentiated State: A Preliminary Report, Madhuri Kango-Singh, Amit Singh, K. P. Gopinathan
The Wings Of Bombyx Mori Develop From Larval Discs Exhibiting An Early Differentiated State: A Preliminary Report, Madhuri Kango-Singh, Amit Singh, K. P. Gopinathan
Amit Singh
Lepidopteran insects present a complex organization of appendages which develop by various mechanisms. In the mulberry silkworm, Bombyx mori, a pair of meso- and meta-thoracic discs located on either side in the larvae gives rise to the corresponding fore- and hind-wings of the adult. These discs do not experience massive cell rearrangements during metamorphosis and display the adult wing vein pattern. We have analysed wing development in B. mori by two approaches, viz., expression of patterning genes in larval wing discs, and regulatory capacities of larval discs following explantation or perturbation. Expression of Nubbin is seen all over the presumptive …
Tal Effector-Nucleotide Targeter (Tale-Nt) 2.0: Tools For Tal Effector Design And Target Prediction, Erin L. Doyle, Nicholas J. Booher, Daniel S. Standage, Daniel F. Voytas, Volker P. Brendel, John K. Vandyk, Adam J. Bogdanove
Tal Effector-Nucleotide Targeter (Tale-Nt) 2.0: Tools For Tal Effector Design And Target Prediction, Erin L. Doyle, Nicholas J. Booher, Daniel S. Standage, Daniel F. Voytas, Volker P. Brendel, John K. Vandyk, Adam J. Bogdanove
John K. VanDyk
Transcription activator-like (TAL) effectors are repeat-containing proteins used by plant pathogenic bacteria to manipulate host gene expression. Repeats are polymorphic and individually specify single nucleotides in the DNA target, with some degeneracy. A TAL effector-nucleotide binding code that links repeat type to specified nucleotide enables prediction of genomic binding sites for TAL effectors and customization of TAL effectors for use in DNA targeting, in particular as custom transcription factors for engineered gene regulation and as site-specific nucleases for genome editing. We have developed a suite of web-based tools called TAL Effector-Nucleotide Targeter 2.0 (TALE-NT 2.0;https://boglab.plp.iastate.edu/) that enables design of custom …
Construction And Sequence Sampling Of Deep-Coverage Large-Insect Bac Libraries For Three Model Lepidopteran Species, Chengcang Wu, Dina Proestou, Dorothy Carter, Erica Nicholson, Filippe Santos, Shaying Zhao, Hong-Bin Zhang, Marian R. Goldsmith
Construction And Sequence Sampling Of Deep-Coverage Large-Insect Bac Libraries For Three Model Lepidopteran Species, Chengcang Wu, Dina Proestou, Dorothy Carter, Erica Nicholson, Filippe Santos, Shaying Zhao, Hong-Bin Zhang, Marian R. Goldsmith
Marian R Goldsmith
Background: Manduca sexta, Heliothis virescens, and Heliconius erato represent three widely-used insect model species for genomic and fundamental studies in Lepidoptera. Large-insert BAC libraries of these insects are critical resources for many molecular studies, including physical mapping and genome sequencing, but not available to date. Results: We report the construction and characterization of six large-insert BAC libraries for the three species and sampling sequence analysis of the genomes. The six BAC libraries were constructed with two restriction enzymes, two libraries for each species, and each has an average clone insert size ranging from 152–175 kb. We estimated that the genome …
Extensive Conserved Synteny Of Genes Between The Karyotypes Of Manduca Sexta And Bombyx Mori Revealed By Bac-Fish Mapping, Yuji Yasukochi, Makiko Tanaka-Okuyama, Fukashi Shibata, Atsuo Yoshido, Frantisek Marec, Chengcang Wu, Hongbin Zhang, Marian R. Goldsmith, Ken Sahara
Extensive Conserved Synteny Of Genes Between The Karyotypes Of Manduca Sexta And Bombyx Mori Revealed By Bac-Fish Mapping, Yuji Yasukochi, Makiko Tanaka-Okuyama, Fukashi Shibata, Atsuo Yoshido, Frantisek Marec, Chengcang Wu, Hongbin Zhang, Marian R. Goldsmith, Ken Sahara
Marian R Goldsmith
Background: Genome sequencing projects have been completed for several species representing four highly diverged holometabolous insect orders, Diptera, Hymenoptera, Coleoptera, and Lepidoptera. The striking evolutionary diversity of insects argues a need for efficient methods to apply genome information from such models to genetically uncharacterized species. Constructing conserved synteny maps plays a crucial role in this task. Here, we demonstrate the use of fluorescence in situ hybridization with bacterial artificial chromosome probes as a powerful tool for physical mapping of genes and comparative genome analysis in Lepidoptera, which have numerous and morphologically uniform holokinetic chromosomes. Methodology/Principal Findings: We isolated 214 clones …
Kaikobase: An Integrated Silkworm Genome Database And Data Mining Tool, Michihiko Shimomura, Hiroshi Minami, Yoshitaka Suetsugu, Hajime Ohyanagi, Chikatada Satoh, Baltazar Antonio, Yoshiaki Nagamura, Keiko Kadono-Okuda, Hideyuki Kajiwara, Hideki Sezutsu, Javaregowda Nagaraju, Marian R. Goldsmith, Qingyou Xia, Kimiko Yamamoto, Kazuei Mita
Kaikobase: An Integrated Silkworm Genome Database And Data Mining Tool, Michihiko Shimomura, Hiroshi Minami, Yoshitaka Suetsugu, Hajime Ohyanagi, Chikatada Satoh, Baltazar Antonio, Yoshiaki Nagamura, Keiko Kadono-Okuda, Hideyuki Kajiwara, Hideki Sezutsu, Javaregowda Nagaraju, Marian R. Goldsmith, Qingyou Xia, Kimiko Yamamoto, Kazuei Mita
Marian R Goldsmith
Background: The silkworm, Bombyx mori, is one of the most economically important insects in many developing countries owing to its large-scale cultivation for silk production. With the development of genomic and biotechnological tools, B. mori has also become an important bioreactor for production of various recombinant proteins of biomedical interest. In 2004, two genome sequencing projects for B. mori were reported independently by Chinese and Japanese teams; however, the datasets were insufficient for building long genomic scaffolds which are essential for unambiguous annotation of the genome. Now, both the datasets have been merged and assembled through a joint collaboration between …
Comparison Of Two Gelling Agents For Screwworm (Diptera: Calliphoridae) Larval Diets, David B. Taylor
Comparison Of Two Gelling Agents For Screwworm (Diptera: Calliphoridae) Larval Diets, David B. Taylor
David B. Taylor
A sodium polyacrylamide polyacrylate gelling agent, Water-Lock G-400, and a galactan polysaccharide agent, carrageenan, were compared for solidifying larval diets of the screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel). Water-Lock diet produced larger pupae with less larval mortality than did carrageenan diet. Pupae from larvae reared on the Water-Lock diet exhibited higher emergence and produced adults with higher fecundity. Water-Lock diet also produced larger larvae at 56 h after oviposition. Densities in excess of 300 mg of eggs (16,200 eggs) per liter of Water-Lock gelled diet did not increase larval yield but did reduce larval weight and survival.
Mitochondrial Dna Variation Among Muscidifurax Spp. (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), Pupal Parasitoids Of Filth Flies (Diptera), David B. Taylor, Richard D. Peterson Ii, Allen L. Szalanski, James J. Petersen
Mitochondrial Dna Variation Among Muscidifurax Spp. (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), Pupal Parasitoids Of Filth Flies (Diptera), David B. Taylor, Richard D. Peterson Ii, Allen L. Szalanski, James J. Petersen
David B. Taylor
Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and sequencing analyses were used to characterize an amplicon of ~625 bp in 4 of the 5 nominate species of Muscidifurax Girault & Sanders, pupal parasitoids of muscoid flies. A single polymorphic nucleotide site was observed among 2 samples of M. raptor Girault & Sanders. No sequence variation was observed among 3 samples of M. raptorellus Kogan & Legner. The sequence of M. uniraptor Kogan & Legner was identical to that of M. raptorellus. Nucleotide divergence among the Muscidifurax spp. ranged from 0.14 to 0.18 substitutions per nucleotide. Muscidifurax zaraptor Kogan & Legner …
Identification Of Screwworm Species By Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism, David B. Taylor, Allen L. Szalanski, Richard D. Peterson Ii
Identification Of Screwworm Species By Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism, David B. Taylor, Allen L. Szalanski, Richard D. Peterson Ii
David B. Taylor
Restriction fragment length polymorphisms in polymerase chain reaction amplified fragments (PCR-RFLP) of mitochondrial DNA were used to differentiate species of New World screwworms (Diptera : Calliphoridae) . Twenty-seven restriction enzymes were screened on five regions of mtDNA . Eleven restriction fragment length patterns differentiated New World screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel), from secondary screwworm, Cochliomyia macellaria (F.) . Five restriction fragment length patterns were polymorphic in C. hominivorax while all fragment patterns were fixed in C. macellaria. Diagnostic restriction fragment length patterns were used for species diagnosis, whereas intraspecific variable patterns were used to characterize field samples and laboratory strains . …
Population Genetics And Gene Variation In Primary And Secondary Screwworm (Diptera : Calliphoridae), David B. Taylor, Richard D. Peterson Ii
Population Genetics And Gene Variation In Primary And Secondary Screwworm (Diptera : Calliphoridae), David B. Taylor, Richard D. Peterson Ii
David B. Taylor
Allozyme variation in screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel), and secondary screwworm, C. macellaria (F.), populations from northwest Costa Rica was examined . Variability was observed in 11 of 13 enzyme loci and the frequency of the most common allele was <0.95 for 5 loci in screwworm . In secondary screwworm, 12 of 13 loci were variable and the frequency of the most common allele was <0.95 for 6 loci . Expected heterozygosities were 0.149 and 0.160 for screwworm and secondary screwworm, respectively. Goodness-of-fit statistics for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and Wrights F statistics indicated that both species are panmictic with no evidence of …
Genetic And Morphological Comparisons Of New And Old World Populations Of Spalangia Species (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), David B. Taylor, Roger Moon, Gary Gibson, Allen L. Szalanski
Genetic And Morphological Comparisons Of New And Old World Populations Of Spalangia Species (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), David B. Taylor, Roger Moon, Gary Gibson, Allen L. Szalanski
David B. Taylor
The genetic similarity of New and Old World samples of Spalangia spp. (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) was examined using two ribosomalDNAregions. The species examined were Spalangia cameroni Perkins, Spalangia endius Walker, Spalangia gemina Bouček, Spalangia nigra Latreille, Spalangia nigroaenea Curtis, and Spalangia slovaca Bouček. Two species of Muscidifurax, Muscidifurax raptor Girault & Sanders and Muscidifurax zaraptor Kogan & Legner (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) were included as outgroup taxa. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS)-1 region was highly variable among Spalangia species with many insertions/deletions making alignment of the sequences difÞcult. The D2-D3 region of the 28s ribosomal gene and the nuclear rDNA 18s gene were …
Assessing Nuclear And Mitochondrial Dna Sequence Variation Within Steinernema (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae), Allen L. Szalanski, David B. Taylor, Peter G. Mullin
Assessing Nuclear And Mitochondrial Dna Sequence Variation Within Steinernema (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae), Allen L. Szalanski, David B. Taylor, Peter G. Mullin
David B. Taylor
DNA sequence analysis was used to characterize the nuclear ribosomal DNA ITS1 region and a portion of the COII and 16S rDNA genes of the mitochondrial genome from Steinernema entomopathogenic nematodes. Nuclear ITS1 nucleotide divergence among seven Steinernema spp. ranged from 6 to 22%, and mtDNA divergence among five species ranged from 12 to 20%. No intraspecific variation was observed among three S. feltiae strains. Phylogenetic analysis of both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences confirms the existing morphological relationships of several Steinernema species. Both the rDNA ITS1 and mtDNA sequences were useful for resolving relationships among Steinernema taxa.
Identification Of Muscidifurax Spp. By Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism, David Taylor, Allen Szalanski
Identification Of Muscidifurax Spp. By Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism, David Taylor, Allen Szalanski
David B. Taylor
Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis of the nuclear ribosomal ITS1 region was used to differentiate Muscidifurax (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) species which are parasitoids of filth fly pupae. Three restriction enzymes, Dpn 11, Mse I, and Taq I, produced restriction patterns which were diagnostic for the four species analyzed, M. raptor, M. raptorellus, M. uniraptor, and M. zaraptor. Seven other restriction enzymes were able to differentiate one or more of the species and can be used alone, or in combination with other enzymes, to verify identifications. No intraspecific variation was observed among the populations examined. The utility of the …
Mitochondrial Dna Variation In Screwworm, David B. Taylor, Allen L. Szalanski, Richard D. Peterson Ii
Mitochondrial Dna Variation In Screwworm, David B. Taylor, Allen L. Szalanski, Richard D. Peterson Ii
David B. Taylor
Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCRRFLP) analysis was used to characterize mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation in screwworms, Cochliomyia hominivorax, and secondary screwworm, C. macellaria, from the Caribbean, North America and South America. Four amplicons, totaling 7.1 kb, were analysed with sixteen restriction enzymes. A total of 133 restriction sites was observed in the two species, 104 in C. hominivorax, of which nineteen were variable, and ninety-five in C. macellaria, none of which was variable. Fourteen mtDNA haplotypes were observed among eighteen C. hominivorax examined. Mean divergence between C. hominivorax haplotypes (d) was 0.0064 …
Population Genetics And Gene Variation Of Stable Fly Populations (Diptera: Muscidae) In Nebraska, Allen L. Szalanski, David B. Taylor, Richard D. Peterson Ii
Population Genetics And Gene Variation Of Stable Fly Populations (Diptera: Muscidae) In Nebraska, Allen L. Szalanski, David B. Taylor, Richard D. Peterson Ii
David B. Taylor
Genetic variation in stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.),populations from Nebraska, Canada, and Texas was sampled. Four of 12 allozyme loci were polymorphic, with an average of 1.7 alleles per locus. Observed and expected heterozygosities were 0.086 and 0.070,respectively. Nei's genetic distance between populations averaged 0.001 and ranged from 0.000 to 0.005. Wright's F statistics revealed greater variation within than among populations. Allele frequencies were homogeneous among temporal samples from a single population. Polymerasechain reaction—restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR—RFLP) analysis of 6.4 kb of the mitochondrial DNA genome with 16 restriction enzymes revealed no variation in stable fly populations from Canada, …
Genetics Of The Screwworm Fly, David B. Taylor, Estela Martinez Cuevas
Genetics Of The Screwworm Fly, David B. Taylor, Estela Martinez Cuevas
David B. Taylor
Three spontaneous eye mutants of Cochliomyia hominivorax, the screwworm fly, are described and characterized. The mutants, yellow eye (ye), orange eye (or), and white eye (wh), segregate independently and are recessive. Yellow eye is recessively epistatlc to orange eye and dominantly epistatic to white eye. All three mutants have complete penetrance, are autosomal, and have little effect on fly viabillty under laboratory conditions.
Comparison Of Gelled And Meat Diets For Rearing Screwworm, Cochliomyia Hominivorax (Diptera: Calliphoridae), Larvae, David B. Taylor, Robert L. Mangan
Comparison Of Gelled And Meat Diets For Rearing Screwworm, Cochliomyia Hominivorax (Diptera: Calliphoridae), Larvae, David B. Taylor, Robert L. Mangan
David B. Taylor
A liquid diet solidified with an acrylamide-acrylate polymer gelling agent (Water-Lock) was compared with a standard meat diet for rearing screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel), larvae. Size and yield of larvae reared on gel diet were equal to, or greater than, those of larvae reared on meat diet. Duration of larval development was increased by ca. 13 h on gel diet; however, variability of pupal weight and larval survival over generations were reduced when gel diet was used. Larval size was also more uniform over the 3-d period when larvae leave the rearing medium to pupate (crawl-off). Gelled diet was more …
Genetic Similarity Among Pheromone And Voltinism Races Of Ostrinia Nubilalis (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), P. C. R. G. Marcon, David B. Taylor, C. E. Mason, R. L. Hellmich, Blair Siegfried
Genetic Similarity Among Pheromone And Voltinism Races Of Ostrinia Nubilalis (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), P. C. R. G. Marcon, David B. Taylor, C. E. Mason, R. L. Hellmich, Blair Siegfried
David B. Taylor
The genetic variability of seven European corn borer populations, Ostrinia nubilalis, from North America and Europe was assessed by polymerase chain reaction- restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCRRFLP) analysis and DNA sequencing. The nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS-1) region (≈ 500 base pair [bp]) and four mitochondrial (mtDNA) regions (1550 bp total) were examined. The smartweed borer, Ostrinia obumbratalis, and south-Western corn borer, Diatraea grandiosella, were used for comparisons. Of 106 restriction sites identified (80 in mtDNA and 26 in ITS-1), none differentiated geographical populations, pheromone races, or voltine ecotypes of the European corn borer. The lack of variation …
Susceptibility Of House Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) Larvae To Entomopathogenic Nematodes (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae, Steinernematidae, David B. Taylor, Allen L. Szalanski, Byron J. Adams, Richard D. Peterson Ii
Susceptibility Of House Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) Larvae To Entomopathogenic Nematodes (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae, Steinernematidae, David B. Taylor, Allen L. Szalanski, Byron J. Adams, Richard D. Peterson Ii
David B. Taylor
The potential for entomopathogenic nematodes to control flies in cattle feedlots was determined by screening 40 strains representing 8 species of Heterorhabditis Poinar and 5 species of Steinernema Travassos for virulence toward 3rd-instar house flies (maggots), Musca domestica L. None of the 22 strains of Heterorhabditis infecting maggots caused significant levels of mortality in a filter paper assay. Ten strains of Steinernema infected maggots, of which 7 strains--4 S. carpocapsa (Weiser), 2 S. feltiae (Filipjev), and 1 S. scapterisci (Nguyen & Smart) caused significant mortality. Ten Heterorhabditis strains and 10 Steinernema strains successllly reproduced for 22 generations in maggots. No …
Population Genetics And Gene Variation In Secondary Screwworm (Diptera: Calliphoridae), David Taylor, Richard Peterson Ii
Population Genetics And Gene Variation In Secondary Screwworm (Diptera: Calliphoridae), David Taylor, Richard Peterson Ii
David B. Taylor
Allozyme variation in 4 populations of secondary screwworm, Cochliomyia macellaria (F.), representing North, Central, and South America was examined . Variability was observed in 12 of 13 enzyme loci, and the frequency of the most common allele was <0.95 for 6 loci . Observed and expected heterozygosities were 0.149 and 0.154, respectively. Nei's genetic distances were ≤ 0.001. Goodness-of-fit statistics for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and Wright's FIS statistics indicated random mating within populations . Wright's FST statistics and chi-square contingency analyses indicated homogeneous gene frequencies among the populations. These data suggest that C. macellaria is a panmictic species with high levels …
Gelled Diet For Screwworm (Diptera: Calliphoridae) Mass Production, David B. Taylor, Jimmy C. Bruce, Rene Garcia
Gelled Diet For Screwworm (Diptera: Calliphoridae) Mass Production, David B. Taylor, Jimmy C. Bruce, Rene Garcia
David B. Taylor
A rearing system based on a diet gelled with Water-Lock G400, a synthetic superabsorbent (poly(2-propenamide-co-2-propenoic acid, sodium salt))( WL), was compared with the standard rearing system (liquid diet suspended in acetate fibers) for the mass production of screwworms, Cochlomyia hominivorax (Coquerel). The WL rearing system yielded 2% heavier pupae, 32% higher egg to pupa survival, and required 54% less diet and 88% less labor than the standard rearing system. Other advantages of the WL system include reduced susceptibility to suboptimal environmental conditions and labor practices, and characteristics conducive to centralization and mechanization of rearing procedures.
Sugar Feeding In Adult Stable Flies, David Taylor, Dennis R. Berkebile
Sugar Feeding In Adult Stable Flies, David Taylor, Dennis R. Berkebile
David B. Taylor
Adult stable flies (Stomoxys calcitrans L.) are known to feed readily on sugars in the laboratory. However, little is known concerning the extent of stable fly sugar feeding in wild populations. We examined the frequency of sugar feeding in stable flies collected on Alsynite sticky traps in rural and urban environments. In addition, stable flies were visually examined to determine whether blood was present in the gut. In laboratory studies, sugars were detectable with the anthrone technique in stable flies for ~3 d after being imbibed, and blood could be visually detected in the gut for 24-48 h after feeding. …
Response Of Screwworms (Diptera: Calliphoridae) To Changes In The Concentration Of Blood, Egg, And Milk In The Larval Diet, David B. Taylor
Response Of Screwworms (Diptera: Calliphoridae) To Changes In The Concentration Of Blood, Egg, And Milk In The Larval Diet, David B. Taylor
David B. Taylor
Larvae of screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel), were reared on diets with varying concentrations of whole dried bovine blood, whole dried egg, and nonfat dried milk. Pupal weight, egg to pupal survival, adult emergence, sex ratio, fecundity, and fertility were significantly affected by one or more of the dietary components. Curvilinear models for the effect of dietary component concentration on life history parameters were derived by multiple regression. Most models resulted in bell-shaped curves that were used to calculate optimal diet component concentrations. Biomass, survival, emergence, and fecundity were maximized at 6% blood, 5% egg, and 1.3% milk.
Economic Impact Of Stable Flies (Diptera: Muscidae) On Cattle Production., David Taylor, Roger Moon, Darrell Mark
Economic Impact Of Stable Flies (Diptera: Muscidae) On Cattle Production., David Taylor, Roger Moon, Darrell Mark
David B. Taylor
Stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), are among the most damaging arthropod pests of cattle worldwide. The last estimate of their economic impact on United States cattle production was published 20 yr ago and placed losses at $608 million. Subsequently, several studies of effects of stable flies on beef cattle weight gain and feed efficiency have been published, and stable flies have become increasingly recognized as pests of cattle on pasture and range. We analyzed published studies and developed yield-loss functions to relate stable fly infestation levels to cattle productivity, and then estimated the economic impact of stable flies on cattle …
Phenology Of Stable Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) Larvae In Round Bale Hay Feeding Sites In Eastern Nebraska., David B. Taylor, Dennis R. Berkebile
Phenology Of Stable Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) Larvae In Round Bale Hay Feeding Sites In Eastern Nebraska., David B. Taylor, Dennis R. Berkebile
David B Taylor
The temporal and spatial patterns of adult stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), emergence from six sites where large round baled hay had been provided to pasture cattle as winter feed were studied using emergence traps. The substrate at these sites, consisting of waste hay mixed with bovine manure and urine, provided an excellent developmental habitat for immature stable flies. Stable flies were the most frequently collected fly emerging from these sites with a yearly average of 1,581 emerging per square meter. Stable fly emergence from these sites began in early May (235 annual accumulated Day-Degree 10° C [DD10]), peaked in …
Dispersal Of Stable Flies (Diptera: Muscidae) From Larval Developmental Sites., David B. Taylor, Roger D. Moon, Jack B. Campbell, Dennis R. Berkebile, Philip J. Scholl, Alberto B. Broce, Jerome A. Hogsette
Dispersal Of Stable Flies (Diptera: Muscidae) From Larval Developmental Sites., David B. Taylor, Roger D. Moon, Jack B. Campbell, Dennis R. Berkebile, Philip J. Scholl, Alberto B. Broce, Jerome A. Hogsette
David B Taylor
Seven mark-recapture studies were conducted over 3 yr to assess dispersal of newly emerging adult stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans L., from larval development sites in a mixed agricultural environment in northeastern Nebraska. Infested hay debris piles were marked by dusting their surfaces with fluorescent pigments, adults were captured with surrounding grids of Alsynite sticky traps, and specimens were dissected to determine feeding histories and reproductive age. Distances and directions of 3,889 marked specimens indicated males and females dispersed equally and in all directions. Midguts of males and females were equally likely to contain blood-meal remnants. Percentage with blood remnants and …
Dispersal Of Stable Flies (Diptera: Muscidae) From Larval Developmental Sites., David B. Taylor, Roger D. Moon, John B. Campbell, Dennis R. Berkebile, Philip J. Scholl, Alberto B. Broce, Jerome A. Hogsette
Dispersal Of Stable Flies (Diptera: Muscidae) From Larval Developmental Sites., David B. Taylor, Roger D. Moon, John B. Campbell, Dennis R. Berkebile, Philip J. Scholl, Alberto B. Broce, Jerome A. Hogsette
David B. Taylor
Seven mark-recapture studies were conducted over 3 yr to assess dispersal of newly emerging adult stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans L., from larval development sites in a mixed agricultural environment in northeastern Nebraska. Infested hay debris piles were marked by dusting their surfaces with fluorescent pigments, adults were captured with surrounding grids of Alsynite sticky traps, and specimens were dissected to determine feeding histories and reproductive age. Distances and directions of 3,889 marked specimens indicated males and females dispersed equally and in all directions. Midguts of males and females were equally likely to contain blood-meal remnants. Percentage with blood remnants and …
Polyphyly Of The Pikeminnows (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) Inferred Using Mitochondrial Dna Sequences, T. Heath Ogden
Polyphyly Of The Pikeminnows (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) Inferred Using Mitochondrial Dna Sequences, T. Heath Ogden
T. Heath Ogden
The phylogenetic relationships of the Colorado pikeminnow Ptychocheilus lucius, northern pikeminnow P. oregonensis, Sacramento pikeminnow P. grandis, Umpqua pikeminnow P. umpquae, and hardhead Mylopharodon conocephalus were examined by using molecular data to investigate monophyly of the genus Ptychocheilus. Phylogenies generated using DNA sequence data from the cytochrome b and 16S ribosomal DNA genes of the mitochondrial genome reveal that Ptychocheilus is a polyphyletic genus and suggest that the taxonomy of the group is in need of further revision. These data yield insights into the evolution of the pikeminnows and help place the significant evolutionary events in context with the geological …