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Full-Text Articles in Genetics and Genomics
The Genetics Of Skin Cancer: What Genes Drive The Development Of Basal Cell Carcinoma, Squamous Cell Carcinoma, And Melanoma?, Cassandra Poole, Abagail Pack, Elizabeth Whitehead, Virginia Marshall
The Genetics Of Skin Cancer: What Genes Drive The Development Of Basal Cell Carcinoma, Squamous Cell Carcinoma, And Melanoma?, Cassandra Poole, Abagail Pack, Elizabeth Whitehead, Virginia Marshall
Spring Showcase for Research and Creative Inquiry
Skin cancer is one of the most common forms of cancer worldwide. The American Academy of Dermatology estimates that 9500 people in the United States are diagnosed with skin cancer every day, and that 1 in 5 Americans will be diagnosed with skin cancer by age 70. With such a high prevalence of disease, understanding how skin cancer develops and how it can be treated is extremely important. This project aims to analyze the genes involved in the development of the three most common forms of skin cancer: basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma.
An Expanded Toolkit For Gene Tagging Based On Mimic And Scarless Crispr Tagging In, David Li-Kroeger, Oguz Kanca, Pei-Tseng Lee, Sierra Cowan, Michael T Lee, Manish Jaiswal, Jose Luis Salazar, Yuchun He, Zhongyuan Zuo, Hugo J Bellen
An Expanded Toolkit For Gene Tagging Based On Mimic And Scarless Crispr Tagging In, David Li-Kroeger, Oguz Kanca, Pei-Tseng Lee, Sierra Cowan, Michael T Lee, Manish Jaiswal, Jose Luis Salazar, Yuchun He, Zhongyuan Zuo, Hugo J Bellen
Faculty Publications
We generated two new genetic tools to efficiently tag genes in Drosophila. The first, Double Header (DH) utilizes intronic MiMIC/CRIMIC insertions to generate artificial exons for GFP mediated protein trapping or T2A-GAL4 gene trapping in vivo based on Cre recombinase to avoid embryo injections. DH significantly increases integration efficiency compared to previous strategies and faithfully reports the expression pattern of genes and proteins. The second technique targets genes lacking coding introns using a two-step cassette exchange. First, we replace the endogenous gene with an excisable compact dominant marker using CRISPR making a null allele. Second, the insertion is replaced …
The Zinc Transporter Zipt-7.1 Regulates Sperm Activation In Nematodes, Yanmei Zhao, Chieh-Hsiang Tan, Amber Krauchunas, Andrea Scharf, Nicholas Dietrich, Kurt Warnhoff, Zhiheng Yuan, Marina Druzhinina, Sam Guoping Gu, Long Miao, Andrew Singson, Ronald E Ellis, Kerry Kornfeld
The Zinc Transporter Zipt-7.1 Regulates Sperm Activation In Nematodes, Yanmei Zhao, Chieh-Hsiang Tan, Amber Krauchunas, Andrea Scharf, Nicholas Dietrich, Kurt Warnhoff, Zhiheng Yuan, Marina Druzhinina, Sam Guoping Gu, Long Miao, Andrew Singson, Ronald E Ellis, Kerry Kornfeld
Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine Faculty Scholarship
Sperm activation is a fascinating example of cell differentiation, in which immotile spermatids undergo a rapid and dramatic transition to become mature, motile sperm. Because the sperm nucleus is transcriptionally silent, this transition does not involve transcriptional changes. Although Caenorhabditis elegans is a leading model for studies of sperm activation, the mechanisms by which signaling pathways induce this transformation remain poorly characterized. Here we show that a conserved transmembrane zinc transporter, ZIPT-7.1, regulates the induction of sperm activation in Caenorhabditis nematodes. The zipt-7.1 mutant hermaphrodites cannot self-fertilize, and males reproduce poorly, because mutant spermatids are defective in responding to activating …
Temporal Transcriptomic Profiling Of The Ant-Feeding Assassin Bug Acanthaspis Cincticrus Reveals A Biased Expression Of Genes Associated With Predation In Nymphs, Fei Kou, Hu Li, Shujuan Li, Huaizhu Xun, Yinqiao Zhang, Ziqiang Sun, Xuguo Zhou, Wanzhi Cai
Temporal Transcriptomic Profiling Of The Ant-Feeding Assassin Bug Acanthaspis Cincticrus Reveals A Biased Expression Of Genes Associated With Predation In Nymphs, Fei Kou, Hu Li, Shujuan Li, Huaizhu Xun, Yinqiao Zhang, Ziqiang Sun, Xuguo Zhou, Wanzhi Cai
Entomology Faculty Publications
Acanthaspis cincticrus (Stål) is an assassin bug with a specialized camouflaging behavior to ambush ants in the nymphal stages. In this study, we comprehensively sequenced all the life stages of A. cincticrus, including the eggs, five nymph instars, female and male adults using Illumina HiSeq technology. We obtained 176 million clean sequence reads. The assembled 84,055 unigenes were annotated and classified functionally based on protein databases. Among the unigenes, 29.03% were annotated by one or more databases, suggesting their well-conserved functions. Comparison of the gene expression profiles in the egg, nymph and adult stages revealed certain bias. Functional enrichment …
Large-Scale Identification Of Chemically Induced Mutations In Drosophila Melanogaster., Nele A Haelterman, Lichun Jiang, Yumei Li, Vafa Bayat, Hector Sandoval, Berrak Ugur, Kai Li Tan, Ke Zhang, Danqing Bei, Bo Xiong, Wu-Lin Charng, Theodore Busby, Adeel Jawaid, Gabriela David, Manish Jaiswal, Koen J T Venken, Shinya Yamamoto, Rui Chen, Hugo J Bellen
Large-Scale Identification Of Chemically Induced Mutations In Drosophila Melanogaster., Nele A Haelterman, Lichun Jiang, Yumei Li, Vafa Bayat, Hector Sandoval, Berrak Ugur, Kai Li Tan, Ke Zhang, Danqing Bei, Bo Xiong, Wu-Lin Charng, Theodore Busby, Adeel Jawaid, Gabriela David, Manish Jaiswal, Koen J T Venken, Shinya Yamamoto, Rui Chen, Hugo J Bellen
Faculty Publications
Forward genetic screens using chemical mutagens have been successful in defining the function of thousands of genes in eukaryotic model organisms. The main drawback of this strategy is the time-consuming identification of the molecular lesions causative of the phenotypes of interest. With whole-genome sequencing (WGS), it is now possible to sequence hundreds of strains, but determining which mutations are causative among thousands of polymorphisms remains challenging. We have sequenced 394 mutant strains, generated in a chemical mutagenesis screen, for essential genes on the Drosophila X chromosome and describe strategies to reduce the number of candidate mutations from an average of …
A 368-Base-Pair Cis-Acting Hwp1 Promoter Region, Hcr, Of Candida Albicans Confers Hypha-Specific Gene Regulation And Binds Architectural Transcription Factors Nhp6 And Gcf1p, Samin Kim, Michael J. Wolyniak, Janet F. Staab, Paula Sundstrom
A 368-Base-Pair Cis-Acting Hwp1 Promoter Region, Hcr, Of Candida Albicans Confers Hypha-Specific Gene Regulation And Binds Architectural Transcription Factors Nhp6 And Gcf1p, Samin Kim, Michael J. Wolyniak, Janet F. Staab, Paula Sundstrom
Dartmouth Scholarship
To elucidate the molecular mechanisms controlling the expression of the hypha-specific adhesin gene HWP1 of Candida albicans, its promoter was dissected and analyzed using a green fluorescent protein reporter gene. A 368-bp region, the HWP1 control region (HCR), was critical for activation under hypha-inducing conditions and conferred developmental regulation to a heterologous ENO1 promoter. A more distal region of the promoter served to amplify the level of promoter activation. Using gel mobility shift assays, a 249-bp subregion of HCR, HCRa, was found to bind at least four proteins from crude extracts of yeasts and hyphae with differing binding patterns dependent …
Genetic And Molecular Analysis Of Phytochromes From The Filamentous Fungus Neurospora Crassa, Allan C. Froehlich, Bosl Noh, Richard D. Vierstra, Jennifer Loros, Jay C. Dunlap
Genetic And Molecular Analysis Of Phytochromes From The Filamentous Fungus Neurospora Crassa, Allan C. Froehlich, Bosl Noh, Richard D. Vierstra, Jennifer Loros, Jay C. Dunlap
Dartmouth Scholarship
Phytochromes (Phys) comprise a superfamily of red-/far-red-light-sensing proteins. Whereas higher-plant Phys that control numerous growth and developmental processes have been well described, the biochemical characteristics and functions of the microbial forms are largely unknown. Here, we describe analyses of the expression, regulation, and activities of two Phys in the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa. In addition to containing the signature N-terminal domain predicted to covalently associate with a bilin chromophore, PHY-1 and PHY-2 contain C-terminal histidine kinase and response regulator motifs, implying that they function as hybrid two-component sensor kinases activated by light. A bacterially expressed N-terminal fragment of PHY-2 covalently …
The Homeo Domain Of A Murine Protein Binds 5' To Its Own Homeo Box., Abraham Fainsod, Leonard D. Bogarad, Tarmo Ruusala, Martin Lubin
The Homeo Domain Of A Murine Protein Binds 5' To Its Own Homeo Box., Abraham Fainsod, Leonard D. Bogarad, Tarmo Ruusala, Martin Lubin
Dartmouth Scholarship
Nuclear protein extracts from day 12.5 mouse embryos were used to study protein binding to DNA sequences 5' of the Hox 1.5 homeo box. Embryos of this developmental stage are known to express this gene. DNA binding protein blotting and retardation gel techniques show that murine embryonic nuclear proteins specifically bind a 753-base pair (bp) DNA fragment from the region upstream of the Hox 1.5 homeo box. A fusion protein containing the Hox 1.5 homeo domain constructed in lambda gt11 also binds the same 753-bp DNA fragment. Specific binding of the fusion protein to the upstream DNA fragment shows that …