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Full-Text Articles in Forest Sciences
Investigation Of Some Enthomopathogens As Biocontrol Agents Of Tinocallis (Sappocallis) Saltans (Nevsky, 1929) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), Eli̇f Tozlu, Göksel Tozlu, Recep Kotan, Önder Çalmaşur, Fati̇h Dadaşoğlu
Investigation Of Some Enthomopathogens As Biocontrol Agents Of Tinocallis (Sappocallis) Saltans (Nevsky, 1929) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), Eli̇f Tozlu, Göksel Tozlu, Recep Kotan, Önder Çalmaşur, Fati̇h Dadaşoğlu
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
In Turkey, Tinocallis (Sappocallis) saltans (Nevsky) on Ulmus glabra Hudson was detected for the first time, and it was determined that it caused a considerable amount of damage. The study was conducted for the purpose of determining the usability of enthomopathogens in the control against it, while avoiding the negative effects of chemicals on the environment and human health. A total of 12 bacteria strains were tested for control efficacy and verified: Brevibacillus brevis (2), Bacillus thuringiensis (1), Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kenyae (2), Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstakii (2), Bacillus subtilis (1), Pseudomonas chlororaphis (1), Bacillus sphaericus GC subgroup D (1), …
Age-Specific Life Tables Of Aonidiella Aurantii (Maskell) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) And Itsparasitoid Aphytis Melinus Debach (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), Khalid Mohammed, İsmai̇l Karaca, Manjree Agarwal, James Newman, Yonglin Ren
Age-Specific Life Tables Of Aonidiella Aurantii (Maskell) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) And Itsparasitoid Aphytis Melinus Debach (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), Khalid Mohammed, İsmai̇l Karaca, Manjree Agarwal, James Newman, Yonglin Ren
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
Biological parameters of the California red scale (Aonidiella aurantii [Maskell] [Hemiptera: Diaspididae]) were determined under laboratory conditions at 3 different temperatures (20, 23, and 27 °C) on butternut squash (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne ex Lamarck) (Cucurbitaceae), while the biological parameters of its parasitoid Aphytis melinus DeBach (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) were conducted at 27 °C. The survival of A.a aurantii ranged between 80.0% and 88.3%. The highest mortality was recorded during the adult stage, with mortalities ranging between 12% and 20%. On C. moschata, the total development time was 93.1 ± 9.73, 81.8 ± 7.13, and 65.7 ± 6.37 days, while the adult …
Identification And Characterization Of Hypovirus-Infected Cryphonectria Parasitica Isolates From Biological Control Plots In İzmir, Kütahya, And Sinop, Seçi̇l Akilli Şi̇mşek, Yakup Zekai̇ Katircioğlu, Nora Borst, Deni̇z Çakar, Simone Prospero, Daniel Rigling, Sali̇h Maden
Identification And Characterization Of Hypovirus-Infected Cryphonectria Parasitica Isolates From Biological Control Plots In İzmir, Kütahya, And Sinop, Seçi̇l Akilli Şi̇mşek, Yakup Zekai̇ Katircioğlu, Nora Borst, Deni̇z Çakar, Simone Prospero, Daniel Rigling, Sali̇h Maden
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
In a pilot study, a biological control with hypovirus-infected Cryphonectria parasitica was applied in 3 study plots in Turkey, in June 2013. The aim of this study was to evaluate the success of the applied biological control by verifying the establishment of the released hypovirus (CHV-1) strains using molecular markers. C. parasitica isolates were sampled from cankers at 3 different time points: before the biological control treatments (April 2013), and 5 months (October 2013) and 11 months (May 2014) after the treatment. In total, 255 C. parasitica isolates were recovered and characterized. First, the culture morphology and vegetative compatibility type …
Distribution Of Microsporidial Infection In The Predator Beetle, Calosoma Sycophanta (Coleoptera:Carabidae)-Rearing Laboratories In Turkey, Mustafa Yaman, Sali̇h Uzuner, Beyza Gonca Güner Emi̇rzeoğlu, Ömür Ayar, Ömer Ertürk, Mahmut Eroğlu
Distribution Of Microsporidial Infection In The Predator Beetle, Calosoma Sycophanta (Coleoptera:Carabidae)-Rearing Laboratories In Turkey, Mustafa Yaman, Sali̇h Uzuner, Beyza Gonca Güner Emi̇rzeoğlu, Ömür Ayar, Ömer Ertürk, Mahmut Eroğlu
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
The present study aimed to determine the rate of microsporidiosis in larvae and adult beetles in Calosoma sycophanta L. (Coleoptera: Carabidae) mass-rearing laboratories. Eighty larvae and 7420 adults of C. sycophanta were dissected from the mass-rearing laboratories and investigated for the presence of microsporidiosis. Microsporidiosis was determined in all localities. Four hundred and forty-one adults of the dissected insects were found to be infected and the total infection rate was 5.94%. A total of 80 C. sycophanta larvae from Balıkesir and Isparta examined in 2016 showed no microsporidiosis. The infection ratio was varied among populations and years. The total infection …
Efficacy Of Trichogramma Evanescens And Bacillus Thuringiensis Var. Kurstaki In Control Of Cydia Pomonella (L.) In Turkey, Sevcan Öztemi̇z, Ali̇ Küden, Serpi̇l Nas, Işilay Lavkor
Efficacy Of Trichogramma Evanescens And Bacillus Thuringiensis Var. Kurstaki In Control Of Cydia Pomonella (L.) In Turkey, Sevcan Öztemi̇z, Ali̇ Küden, Serpi̇l Nas, Işilay Lavkor
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of Trichogramma evanescens Westwood (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) release with as well as without Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (Berliner) in biological control of Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in the Galaxy Gala apple variety grafted onto M9 rootstock in 2016. Four treatments were analyzed: releasing T. evanescens alone (TE), applying B. thuringiensis var. kurstaki (BT) alone, applying both (TE + BT), and a control (C) without any application at all. The experiment design entailed randomized blocks with four replicates. In each generation of the egg stage, 100,000 parasitoids per hectare were released twice (1440 …
Failure Of Biological Control Of Frankliniella Occidentalis On Protected Eggplants Using Amblyseius Swirskii In The Mediterranean Region Of Turkey, Hali̇l Kütük, Mehmet Karacaoğlu, Mustafa Tüfekli̇, Raul Villanueva
Failure Of Biological Control Of Frankliniella Occidentalis On Protected Eggplants Using Amblyseius Swirskii In The Mediterranean Region Of Turkey, Hali̇l Kütük, Mehmet Karacaoğlu, Mustafa Tüfekli̇, Raul Villanueva
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
The western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), is one of the most important insect pests in the Mediterranean region of Turkey. Thrips infestation is the main cause of vegetable crops losses in low polythene tunnels and plastic greenhouses. Chemical control has been the primary means to control F. Occidentalis in protected cultivation systems in Turkey. A search of alternatives to conventional insecticides for the control of F. Occidentalis has drawn increased interest in the use of biocontrol agents. This study evaluated the control efficiency of F. Occidentalis on eggplants through releases of the predatory mite Amblyseius swirskii (Athias-Henriot) at a …
Evaluation Of Native Entomopathogenic Nematodes For The Control Of The European Cherry Fruit Fly Rhagoletis Cerasi L. (Diptera: Tephritidae) Larvae In Soil, İlker Kepenekci̇, Selçuk Hazir, Ayşe Özdem
Evaluation Of Native Entomopathogenic Nematodes For The Control Of The European Cherry Fruit Fly Rhagoletis Cerasi L. (Diptera: Tephritidae) Larvae In Soil, İlker Kepenekci̇, Selçuk Hazir, Ayşe Özdem
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
Turkey is the world's largest producer of sweet cherries. The European cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis cerasi L. (Diptera: Tephritidae), is a major pest of sweet cherry crops in Europe and Turkey. The detection of only one larva in the fruit by the processor can result in the rejection of the entire crop of that orchard and/or farm as \"wormy\" and unmarketable. The main control tactic for R. cerasi is to prevent the females from laying eggs in the fruit. Currently, only a few insecticides are being used, and their application is debatable due to problems with residual ecotoxicity for humans …
Efficacy Of The Entomopathogenic Nematode Heterorhabditis Bacteriophora Using Different Application Methods In The Presence Or Absence Of A Natural Enemy, Ramalingam Karthik Raja, Canan Hazir, Ari̇fe Gümüş, Cem Asan, Mehmet Karagöz, Selçuk Hazir
Efficacy Of The Entomopathogenic Nematode Heterorhabditis Bacteriophora Using Different Application Methods In The Presence Or Absence Of A Natural Enemy, Ramalingam Karthik Raja, Canan Hazir, Ari̇fe Gümüş, Cem Asan, Mehmet Karagöz, Selçuk Hazir
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
Various application methods for the entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora were evaluated under laboratory and field conditions. Four different methods of applying the infective juveniles (IJs) of the nematode to soil were assessed including (1) insect cadavers (referred to as nematode-infected cadavers), (2) subsurface injection, (3) spraying, and (4) drip irrigation. In the laboratory experiment, except for the control with no nematodes, all treatments showed more than 95% insect mortality of the bait insect (Galleria mellonella) with no significant differences among treatments. The same experimental setup was conducted with the introduction of mites, Sancassania polyphyllae (Acari: Acaridae), which are natural enemies …
Incidence Of Microbial Infections Revealed By Assessing Nodulation Infield-Collected Insects From Adana Province, Hasan Tunaz, Mehmet Kubi̇lay Er, Ali̇ Arda Işikber
Incidence Of Microbial Infections Revealed By Assessing Nodulation Infield-Collected Insects From Adana Province, Hasan Tunaz, Mehmet Kubi̇lay Er, Ali̇ Arda Işikber
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
Results of a field study designed to assess the extent of natural microbial infections in insects collected from agrarian fields surrounding Adana, Turkey, are reported. We identified and dissected specimens to assess the numbers of nodules. Formation of darkened melanotic nodules is the predominant cellular immune reaction to microbial and parasitic infection, and once formed, the nodules are permanently attached to internal surfaces. At least some nodules were found in 99% of 1200 examined specimens that were healthy in appearance. The number of nodules ranged approximately from 1 nodule/individual to >120 nodules/individual. We inferred that insects are regularly challenged by …
Isolation And Identification Of Entomopathogenic Nematodes (Nematoda: Rhabditida) From The Eastern Black Sea Region And Their Biocontrol Potential Against Melolontha Melolontha (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) Larvae, Zeynep Erbaş, Ci̇han Gökçe, Selçuk Hazir, Zi̇hni̇ Demi̇rbağ, İsmai̇l Demi̇r
Isolation And Identification Of Entomopathogenic Nematodes (Nematoda: Rhabditida) From The Eastern Black Sea Region And Their Biocontrol Potential Against Melolontha Melolontha (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) Larvae, Zeynep Erbaş, Ci̇han Gökçe, Selçuk Hazir, Zi̇hni̇ Demi̇rbağ, İsmai̇l Demi̇r
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
A survey was conducted for entomopathogenic nematodes in various agricultural fields in the Eastern Black Sea region of Turkey. A total of 77 soil samples were collected from 15 distinct geographic areas during 2010-2011. Seven entomopathogenic nematode isolates (ZET02, ZET04, ZET09, ZET28, ZET31, ZET35, and ZET76) were detected from the soil samples (9.1% positive) using the Galleria baiting technique. Morphological and molecular characterizations of the isolates were performed for species identification. Five isolates were identified as Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (ZET02, ZET04, ZET09, ZET28, and ZET35) and 2 isolates were identified as Steinernema feltiae (ZET31 and ZET76). The efficacy of all isolates …
Optimization Of Orius Majusculus Release: Photoperiodic Sensitivity At Different Temperatures And Storage Of Diapausing Adults, Şeri̇fe Ünal Bahşi̇, İrfan Tunç
Optimization Of Orius Majusculus Release: Photoperiodic Sensitivity At Different Temperatures And Storage Of Diapausing Adults, Şeri̇fe Ünal Bahşi̇, İrfan Tunç
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
The photoperiodic sensitivity and storage of Orius majusculus (Reuter) from Antalya was investigated to obtain data for the optimization of its release. In the current study, it was not possible to induce a high (up to 100%) incidence of diapause unless all the nymphal instars and adults were successively exposed (i.e. full exposure) to a short day length (11.5 h) at constant temperatures of 18 and 26 °C, and fluctuating temperatures of 10/26 °C. Hence an intermittent exposure to long day lengths, even for short periods of time (only during instars IVV or adult stage), would avoid a high incidence …
A Highly Effective Nucleopolyhedrovirus Against Malacosoma Spp. (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae) From Turkey: Isolation, Characterization, Phylogeny, And Virulence, İsmai̇l Demi̇r, Remzi̇ye Nalçacioğlu, Li̇da Mohammad Gholi̇zad, Zi̇hni̇ Demi̇rbağ
A Highly Effective Nucleopolyhedrovirus Against Malacosoma Spp. (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae) From Turkey: Isolation, Characterization, Phylogeny, And Virulence, İsmai̇l Demi̇r, Remzi̇ye Nalçacioğlu, Li̇da Mohammad Gholi̇zad, Zi̇hni̇ Demi̇rbağ
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
A nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV) was isolated from diseased larvae of the eastern tent caterpillar, Malacosoma americanum (Fabricius), collected from the northeastern part of Turkey. Light and electron microscopic observations showed that this virus is a multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (MNPV). The dimensions of the polyhedral inclusion bodies varied from 1.0 to 2.1 µm, and the sizes of the virions were also measured to be approximately 194.5 nm. Restriction analysis of the new isolate and ManeNPV-T2 (previously isolated from M. neustria larvae) showed that the new virus is closely related to ManeNPV-T2. Furthermore, sequence and phylogenetic analysis of polh and lef-8 also revealed a …
Control Of Trialeurodes Vaporariorum (Westwood) Adults On Glasshouse-Grown Cucumbers In Four Different Growth Substrates: An Efficacy Comparison Of Foliar Application Of Steinernema Feltiae (Filipjev) And Spraying With Thiamethoxamn, Ziga Laznik, Dragan Znidarcic, Stanislav Trdan
Control Of Trialeurodes Vaporariorum (Westwood) Adults On Glasshouse-Grown Cucumbers In Four Different Growth Substrates: An Efficacy Comparison Of Foliar Application Of Steinernema Feltiae (Filipjev) And Spraying With Thiamethoxamn, Ziga Laznik, Dragan Znidarcic, Stanislav Trdan
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
In a glasshouse experiment, the effectiveness of the entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) Steinernema feltiae (Filipjev) (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) was compared with thiamethoxam for the control of adults of the greenhouse whitefly (GWF), Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae), on slicer cucumbers. In a period from mid June to the end of August (2007 and 2008), cucumbers were grown in 4 different growth substrates: expanded perlite, expanded vermiculite, light expanded clay, and peat. A suspension of the nematode (2500 infective juveniles mL^{-1}) was applied to cucumbers 5 times in 2007 and twice in 2008, whilst an insecticide thiametoxam at the recommended dose (0.7 g …
Biological Control Of Chestnut Canker, Caused By Cryphonectria Parasitica, By Antagonistic Organisms And Hypovirulent Isolates, Seçi̇l Akilli, Yakup Zekai̇ Katircioğlu, Sali̇h Maden
Biological Control Of Chestnut Canker, Caused By Cryphonectria Parasitica, By Antagonistic Organisms And Hypovirulent Isolates, Seçi̇l Akilli, Yakup Zekai̇ Katircioğlu, Sali̇h Maden
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
Biological control of chestnut blight was investigated by using 3 hypovirulent isolates of Cryphonectria parasitica, 5 Trichoderma sp., 4 Penicillium sp., and 4 Bacillus sp. isolates. Hypovirulent isolates and antagonistic organisms were obtained from samples collected from the Black Sea region of Turkey, in 2008 and 2009. Effectiveness of the hypovirulent isolates and antagonistic microorganisms was tested on 3-year-old chestnut saplings. In the tests, bark disks of 6 mm were removed from the stem bases and culture disks of the virulent isolate of C. parasitica were first placed into the hole and then the hypovirulent isolate or the antagonistic fungi. …
Prey Preference, Interaction With Selected Natural Enemies, And Alternative Nutritional Sources Of The Mirid Bug Dicyphus Tamaninii Wagner, Ihab Ghabeish, Azzam Saleh, Abdulfattah Dababat
Prey Preference, Interaction With Selected Natural Enemies, And Alternative Nutritional Sources Of The Mirid Bug Dicyphus Tamaninii Wagner, Ihab Ghabeish, Azzam Saleh, Abdulfattah Dababat
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
The present study aimed to investigate the prey preference of the omnivorous bug Dicyphus tamaninii Wagner (Heteroptera: Miridae) among 5 different prey species, and its interaction with 3 different natural enemies commonly used in greenhouses. Moreover, the survival duration of the predator was studied in response to different nutritional sources. In multi-choice trials all developmental stages of the predator tested, namely N_3, N_5, and adult female, showed a clear preference for Aphis gossypii Glover over other prey species offered. Nonetheless, a considerable number of Tetranychus urticae Koch, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), and Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) were also consumed. Myzus persicae (Sulzer) …
Biological Control Of Bacterial Spot Disease Of Pepper With Bacillus Strains, Mustafa Mi̇ri̇k, Yeşi̇m Aysan, Özden Çinar
Biological Control Of Bacterial Spot Disease Of Pepper With Bacillus Strains, Mustafa Mi̇ri̇k, Yeşi̇m Aysan, Özden Çinar
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
Bacterial spot disease caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria (X. axonopodis pv. vesicatoria) is a devastating pepper (Capsicum annuum) disease in Turkey. Biological control of Xanthomonas axanopodis pv. vesicatoria is of great interest, in terms of environmental safety and economic return. In this study, 3 Bacillus strains isolated from soil samples of the rhizospheres of peppers grown in greenhouses and fields were used to suppress the size of the population of X. axonopodis pv. vesicatoria. Results indicated that disease development decreased by 11%-62% and 38%-67% in pepper plants inoculated with the 3 Bacillus strains alone and in combination, respectively, in …
Effectiveness Of Bacillus Thuringiensis Var. Kurstaki On Thaumetopoea Solitaria Frey. (Lepidoptera: Thaumetopoeidae) Larvae In Laboratory Conditions, Mehmet Kubi̇lay Er, Serpi̇l Karadağ, Cafer Mart
Effectiveness Of Bacillus Thuringiensis Var. Kurstaki On Thaumetopoea Solitaria Frey. (Lepidoptera: Thaumetopoeidae) Larvae In Laboratory Conditions, Mehmet Kubi̇lay Er, Serpi̇l Karadağ, Cafer Mart
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
This study was conducted to determine the effect of Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki on the larvae of Thaumetopoea solitaria in the search for an alternative control method with minimal undesirable side effects. Four larval stages were tested with various concentrations of the bacterium under controlled conditions by dipping pistachio saplings in relevant suspensions and feeding larvae on their leaves. The effect of B. thuringiensis var. kurstaki was significantly higher on the 1^{st} instar larvae than on the 2^{nd} and the 3^{rd} instar larvae, and the effect was significantly higher on the 2^{nd} instar larvae than on the 3^{rd} instar larvae. …
Pathogenicity Of Paecilomyces Spp. To The Glasshouse Whitefly, Trialeurodes Vaporariorum, With Some Observations On The Fungal Infection Process, Ayhan Gökçe, M. Kubi̇lay Er
Pathogenicity Of Paecilomyces Spp. To The Glasshouse Whitefly, Trialeurodes Vaporariorum, With Some Observations On The Fungal Infection Process, Ayhan Gökçe, M. Kubi̇lay Er
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
This study was carried out to determine the infection rates of 9 Paecilomyces fumosoroseus isolates and 1 Paecilomyces lilacinus isolate on the glasshouse whitefly (GWF), Trialeurodes vaporariorum. Furthermore, the infection progress of P. fumosoroseus was observed on the insect using light and scanning electron microscopes. Bioassays were carried out on second instar nymphs by the application of a spore suspension of each isolate. The mortality data were recorded 3 and 6 days after the application. The effect of Paecilomyces isolates increased as the incubation time was extended. Seven isolates caused significant mortality to the GWF nymphs. The most virulent isolates, …
In Vitro Studies On Some Natural Beverages As Botanical Pesticides Against Erwinia Amylovora And Curtobacterium Flaccumfaciensis Subsp. Poinsettiae, Mehmet Nuri̇ Nas
In Vitro Studies On Some Natural Beverages As Botanical Pesticides Against Erwinia Amylovora And Curtobacterium Flaccumfaciensis Subsp. Poinsettiae, Mehmet Nuri̇ Nas
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
Several tannin-rich beverages were tested for their antibacterial activity against 2 important phytopathogenic bacteria, Erwinia amylovora and Curtobacterium flacumfaciensis subsp. poinsettiae. Black tea (9.5, 19 and 38 g l^{-1}), green tea (9.5, 19 and 38 g l^{-1}) and tannic acid (0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 g l^{-1}) inhibited the growth of E. amylovora and C. f. subsp. poinsettiae. Coffee (8.75, 17.5 and 35 g l^{-1}) and cocoa (8.75, 17.5 and 35 g l^{-1}) did not display any inhibitory effect on the growth of bacterial cultures. The numbers of colony forming units (CFUs) of E. amylovora in the presence of black tea, …
Density Of Centaurea Solstitialis L. And Its Natural Enemies Ceratapion Spp. In Southern Turkey, Si̇bel Uygur
Density Of Centaurea Solstitialis L. And Its Natural Enemies Ceratapion Spp. In Southern Turkey, Si̇bel Uygur
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
Centaurea solstitialis L., yellow star thistle, is an annual weed that belongs to the family Asteraceae. In Turkey, this weed can be found in pasture areas, along roadsides, in cultivated areas and in field margins. Yellow star thistle is native to Mediterranean and western Asian countries. Alternative management strategies to chemical control have been and still are being studied; for example, management strategies to control this weed in the USA concentrate on the biological control approach. In addition, chemical control methods in pasture areas are banned in Turkey, which led us to carry out this field study. The average percentage …