Forest Sciences Commons^™

Economic Contribution Of The Agricultural Sector To The Arkansas Economy In 2011, Leah English, Jennie Popp, Wayne Miller

Research Reports and Research Bulletins

This report is the eighth in a series of reports examining agriculture’s economic contribution on the Arkansas economy. Utilizing data from the United States Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), USDA Economic Research Service (ERS), USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), and Minnesota IMPLAN Group, Inc. (MIG), the economic contribution of agriculture on the Arkansas economy was estimated for the most recent year available, 2011. The total economic contribution of agriculture (direct, indirect, and induced effects) to value added, employment, and labor income was estimated using the Impact Analysis for Planning System (IMPLAN). The economic contributions of agricultural production and processing …

Elk (Cervus Elaphus) Seasonal Habitat Selection In A Heterogeneous Forest Structure, Jesse N. Popp, David N.C. Mcgeachy, Josef Hamr

Aspen Bibliography

Seasonal habitat selection by the reintroduced Burwash elk population, approximately 30 km south of Sudbury, Ontario, has been analysed in order to assist in the development of future management. Twenty-five adult females were radio-collared and tracked 1–3 times a week for 3 years. The most prominent patterns included selection of intolerant hardwood forests (trembling aspen, white birch, and balsam poplar) during all seasons, while Great Lakes-St. Lawrence pines (white and red pine dominated stands) were used less than expected based on availability for all seasons. The selection patterns are likely associated with seasonal climatic conditions and forage preferences. Because the …

Agricultural Geo-Engineering; Past, Present & Future, Erich J. Knight Mr.

Erich J Knight Mr.

Historic hall marks of GHG emissions are reviewed, providing repeated demonstration of anthropogenic land use changes on climate forcing.

New Astrophysical and Paleoclimate concordance with extinction events demonstrating climate adaptation by prehistoric man.

A review of new research concerning Soil Carbon, Carboniferous Aerosols, extent of Pyrolytic-Carbon fraction in soil and the first survey of the extensive deep soil carbon sink.

How thermal conversion technologies can integrate and optimize the recycling of valuable nutrients while providing energy and building soil carbon.

New discoveries from the Advanced Spectrometry & Meta-Genomics studies in soil microbiology which demonstrate unaccounted for ecological services provided by …

Deep Pipe Irrigation, David A. Bainbridge

David A Bainbridge

Deep pipe irrigation uses a vertically placed section of pipe to deliver water to the roots of plants. This reduces evaporation and increases water use efficiency. Deep pipes can be filled by hand, drip or rainwater catchment.

Planting Desert Sites, David A. Bainbridge

David A Bainbridge

Desert planting requires great care in preparing plants, handling plants and planting. With proper consideration of soil, climate and water availability plants can be established despite severe conditions of high temperatures, high winds, herbivory and lack of water.

Comparative Study Of Various Pretreatment Reagents On Rice Husk And Structural Changes Assessment Of The Optimised Pretreated Rice Husk, Teck Nam Ang Dr., Gek Cheng Ngoh Dr, Adeline Seak May Chua Dr

Teck Nam Ang Dr.

The performance of alkalis (NaOH and Ca(OH)2) and acids (H2SO4, HCl, H3PO4, CH3COOH, and HNO3) in the pretreatment of rice husk was screened, and a suitable reagent was assessed for subsequent optimisation using response surface methodology. From the assessment, HCl that hydrolysed rice husk well was optimised with three parameters (HCl loading, pretreatment duration, and temperature) using Box-Behnken Design. The optimised condition (0.5% (w/v) HCl loading, 125oC, 1.5 hours) is relatively mild, and resulted in ~22.3 mg TRS/ml hydrolysate. The reduced model developed has good predictability, where the predicted and experimental results differ by only 2%. The comprehensive structural characterization …

Intercepted Rainfall In Abies Fabri Forest With Different-Aged Stands In Southwestern China, Xiangyang Sun, Genxu Wang, Yun Lin, Linan Liu, Yang Gao

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Interception is one of the most important hydrological processes. Most investigations merely focus on canopy interception, but forest floor interception should also be considered. The stand age also influences interception. To explore the interception characteristics of Abies fabri with different stand ages, canopy, stem, and forest floor, interceptions were evaluated during the rainy season of 2009 (from May to October 2009). The total interception rates were found to be 28.8%, 25.5%, and 31.3% for young, middle-aged, and mature forest stands, respectively. Forest floor interception accounted for 19.1%, 18.1%, and 10.0% of the total interception, respectively. We concluded that the differences …

Ecology, Toxicity, And Hydrolytic Activities Of Bacillus Thuringiensis In Forests, Fouad Al-Momani, Maher Obeidat

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The investigation of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) in 16 forest soil samples from Ajloun, northern Jordan, involved the isolation of 23 isolates toxic to the third instar dipteran larvae of Drosophila melanogaster and 7 isolates toxic to the third instar lepidopteran larvae of Ephestia kuehniella. The highest viable count of Bt was found in Ebeen forest soils (14.24 × 10^7 CFU g^{-1}), and the lowest viable count was found in Rasoun forest soils. The lethal concentration (LC_{50}) of Bt isolates indicated a variation in their toxicity to D. melanogaster and E. kuehniella larvae, with lower LC_{50} values for D. melanogaster suggesting …

Support Vector Machines In Wood Identification: The Case Of Three Salix Species From Turkey, Kemal Turhan, Bedri̇ Serdar

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The aim of this study was to use a support vector machine (SVM) for the first time as a predictive method for differentiating species of Salix wood through the biometric analysis of their anatomy using wood taken from basal disks of 3 species. The purpose of a SVM is to construct optimal decision boundaries among classes in a decision plane. A decision plane separates a set of objects having different class memberships. In this study, the decision plane has 3 different wood species. Timely and accurate identification of tree species can be crucial in forestry. The similarity of structures in …

Site Index Conversion Equations For Mixed Stands Of Scots Pine (Pinus Sylvestris L.) And Oriental Beech (Fagus Orientalis Lipsky) In The Black Sea Region, Turkey, Aydin Kahri̇man, Hakki Yavuz, İlker Ercanli

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The site index conversion equations are important for estimating the site index of one tree species from the site index of another tree species in mixed stands. In this study, data were obtained from 162 sample plots in mixed stands of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) from the Black Sea Region in the north of Turkey. The breast height ages and height of the site trees were measured and the site index was estimated by these data. Geometric linear regression was used to estimate the parameters of a linear model relating to site indices …

Phenolic Composition And Antioxidant Activity Of Salvia Tomentosa Miller: Effects Of Cultivation, Harvesting Year, And Storage, Cüneyt Di̇nçer, İsmai̇l Tontul, İhsan Burak Çam, Kübra Sultan Özdemi̇r, Ayhan Topuz, Hi̇lal Şahi̇n Nadeem, Saadet Tuğrul Ay, Ramazan Süleyman Göktürk

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Salvia tomentosa is a common medicinal plant, and it is consumed as an herbal tea in some Mediterranean countries. It has been extensively collected from its natural habitat, and careless collection has caused the recent extinction of some plants. The present study was undertaken to cultivate S. tomentosa and compare the phenolic composition and antioxidant properties of wild and cultivated plants. Total phenolics, total flavonoids, and antioxidant activity of S. tomentosa ranged between 49.27 and 66.15 mg GAE g^{-1} dry weight (dw), 36.27 and 40.83 mg catechin g^{-1} dw, and 1.77 and 2.29 mg dw mg^{-1} DPPH, respectively. Total phenolic …

Big Red, Small Planet, Christian Ryan-Downing , Editor, Leslie North , Editor

Sustainability Publications and Resources

At WKU, “The Spirit Makes the Master”. Our commitment to continuous improvement is clearly reflected in our sustainability efforts. WKU’s commitment to sustainability, whether demonstrated in campus operations or in educational programs, helps to ensure that our graduates are prepared to address the complicated environmental, social and economic issues we face today. They will be able to think critically, solve problems creatively and be engaged citizens. If that’s all we accomplish then we will have achieved great success. But our sustainability commitment pays dividends, as it also leads us to reduce our environmental footprint, practice social responsibility, and conserve natural …

Changes In Stem Growth Rates And Root Wood Anatomy Of Oriental Beech After A Landslide Event In Hanyeri, Bartın, Turkey, Barbaros Yaman, Nesi̇be Köse, Ünal Akkemi̇k

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

On 19 May 1998, a small-scale landslide occurred near Hanyeri, Bartın, in the western Black Sea region. The purpose of the study is to investigate the changes in stem growth rates and root wood anatomy of oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky). According to results from 8 years before and after the event year, growth variation in the affected trees is significantly high. In the control trees, growth increases after the event year, and the growth variation is 116.22%; this value is 69.59% in the affected trees. However, the growth variation values for ±11 years are 107.69% and 81.36% in control …

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Associated With Tree Peony In 3 Geographic Locations In China, Zhaoyong Shi, Yinglong Chen, Xiaogai Hou, Shuangcheng Gao, Fayuan Wang

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is of great interest because of their potential function in ecosystems. Tree peony is an important traditional ornamental and medicinal plant with economic significance. We examined the mycorrhizal status of the rhizosphere of 14 common cultivars of tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa) in 3 different geographic locations in China. Root samples of all cultivars were colonized by AMF. The mean percentage of root length colonization, vesicles, and arbuscules were 39%, 3.6%, and 6.0%, respectively. AMF species richness varied from 5 to 11, and spore density ranged from 20 to 61 per 50 g of …

Hydropriming And Hot Water-Induced Heat Shock Increase Cotton Seed Germination And Seedling Emergence At Low Temperature, Yüksel Bölek, Mehmet Nuri̇ Nas, Hati̇ce Çokkizgin

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Increasing seed germination ability in cold soil conditions is necessary for effective cotton production. A major aim of cotton producers is to have good stand establishment and healthy seedlings. To determine the effects of hydropriming and heat shock treatment on seed germination and seedling emergence, seeds of 3 cotton cultivars, i.e. Stoneville-468, Maraş-92, and Sayar-314, were primed in distilled water at 5 °C or 25 °C for 2, 4, 6, 8, or 10 h or subjected to a hot water bath (96 °C) for 10, 30, 60, 90, 120, or 240 s. Germination and emergence percentage, and seedling fresh weight …

Essential Oil Composition Of Sweet Basil Cultivars As Affected By Nitrogen And Potassium Fertilization, Renata Nurzynska-Wierdak, Bartlomiej Borowski, Katarzyna Dzida, Grazyna Zawislak, Radoslaw Kowalski

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

This study was designed to find correlations between the rate of nitrogen and potassium and basil herb quality resulting from essential oil content and composition. An increase in the amount of nitrogen in the nutritional environment of the plants resulted in the enhanced accumulation of essential oil, as well as in a rise in linalool and germacrene D concentration. The present study also showed increased content of essential oil in the herb, as well as an increase of 1,8-cineole in the oil under the influence of the increased rate of potassium. The studied basil cultivars Kasia and Wala were characterized …

Molecular Cloning And Expression Analysis Of Fvmyb1 From Fraxinus Velutina Torr., Tian Li, Zheng-Ying Peng, Yu-Ping Bi, Zhong-Xue Fan

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

V-myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog (MYB) transcription factors play important roles in the processes of plant growth, development, and stress responses. In this study, a full-length cDNA sequence of a MYB gene, designated FvMYB1, was isolated from Arizona ash (Fraxinus velutina Torr.) for the first time. Sequence analysis showed that the deduced amino acid sequence of FvMYB1 encoded novel MYB proteins with single DNA binding domains. Based on the R3 domain amino acid sequence, the FvMYB1 was closely related to some proteins whose functions were known. The expression pattern of FvMYB1 in different organs of Arizona ash was analyzed …

Is Quercus Virgiliana A Distinct Morphological And Genetic Entity Among European White Oaks?, Cristian Mihai Enescu, Alexandru Lucian Curtu, Neculae Şofletea

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The existence of Quercus virgiliana Ten. is a subject of debate among botanists and silviculturists. It was considered a distinct species, sometimes as an intraspecific taxonomic unit of Q. pubescens L., or was not even recognized as a taxon or infrataxon. This disagreement with regard to the taxonomic classification is explained by the morphological similarities between Q. virgiliana and Q. pubescens, with a small overlap between particular leaf and fruit traits. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the macromorphological fruit and leaf descriptors in Romanian populations of pubescent oaks. We wanted to find which traits discriminate between …

Insecticidal Activity Of Essential Oil Of Prangos Ferulacea (Umbelliferae) Against Ephestia Kuehniella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) And Trichogramma Embryophagum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), Fahri̇ye Ercan, Hati̇ce Baş, Murat Koç, Di̇lek Pandir, Sevcan Öztemi̇z

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Essential oil vapors obtained by the hydrodistillation of Prangos ferulacea (Umbelliferae) were tested on the different stages of Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and egg parasitoid Trichogramma embryophagum Hartig (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). Extracts of the volatile fractions from P. ferulacea were analyzed by capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The major compound of the essential oil was detected as 2,3,6-trimethyl benzaldehyde (66.59%) and the minor compound was heneicosane (0.02%). The third instar larvae of E. kuehniella (LC_{50}: 379.662 µL L^{-1} air and LC_{99}: 538.755 µL L^{-1} air) and the pupal stage of T. embryophagum (LC_{50}: 5.947 µL L^{-1} air and LC_{99}: 19.568 µL …

Evaluation Of Efficiency Parameters Of Phosphorous-Solubilizing And N-Fixing Bacteria Inoculations In Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.), Sancar Bulut

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Chemical fertilizers play a significant role in increasing plant production; however, they may have a negative impact on soil fertility and cause environmental degradation in cases of excessive use. In addition, the highest levels in chemical fertilizer use have already been reached, and further yield increases do not seem possible. Due to their negative impact on soils and the environment, alternatives to chemical fertilizers are needed. Today, biological alternatives are yielding promising outcomes. Biological nitrogen fixation may constitute a significant alternative in organic farming. Therefore, in the present study, the effects of single, dual, and triple combinations of phosphorus-solubilizing [Bacillus …

Determination Of The Impact Of Creeping Of Furniture Joints On Their Rigidity, Jerzy Smardzewski, Robert Klos, Beata Fabisiak

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The study presents research results on the effect of creeping on changes in the rigidity of selected joints used in constructions of upholstered furniture, expressed as the substitute modulus of elasticity Ez. The modulus was calculated analytically for this purpose using the Maxwell-Mohr constitutive equation. In addition, actual runs of creeping curves were determined and a theoretical model well describing the obtained results was selected. Simultaneously, a detailed statistical analysis was carried out. It was found that creeping exerted a significant impact on the mechanical quality of the examined joints by reducing their substitute modulus of elasticity by 11%-16%. This …

Dry Matter Accumulation And Forage Quality Characteristics Of Different Soybean Genotypes, Esvet Açikgöz, Mehmet Si̇nci̇k, Gary Wietgrefe, Mustafa Sürmen, Semi̇ha Çeçen, Tamer Yavuz, Cengi̇z Erdurmuş, Abdurrahi̇m Tanju Göksoy

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Three different soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivars (A-3127, Derry, and Yemsoy) were evaluated for dry matter (DM) yield, plant components, and crop growth rate (CGR) at different row spacings and harvesting stages in 3 locations with Mediterranean-type climate in a split-split plot design with 3 replications in 2009 and 2010. In addition, crude protein (CP), crude protein yield (CPY), acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), total digestible nutrients (TDN), and relative feed value (RFV) of harvested forage soybeans were determined at the Bursa (Turkey) location. Increased row spacings significantly reduced DM yield at all locations. Combined over …

Multiple Shoot Regeneration Of Plumular Apices Of Chickpea, Muhammad Aasim, Si̇bel Day, Fereshteh Rezaei, Mortaza Hajyzadeh

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is an important grain legume used almost all over the world. Development of new repeatable and reliable tissue culture protocols is very important for improvement of breeding and genetic transformation studies. It is a highly recalcitrant plant and there is an urgent need to develop a regeneration protocol that can ensure easy multiple and qualitative superior shoots that could be rooted and yield fertile plants. Unconditioned plumular apices and plumular apices preconditioned with 10 mg L^{-1} benzylaminopurine (BA) for 10 days were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.25-2.00 mg L^{-1} BA with …

The Promoted Longevity Of Gerbera Cut Flowers Using Geranyl Diphosphate And Its Analog, Zahra Oraghi Ardebili, Vahid Abdossi, Rosa Zargarani, Narges Oraghi Ardebili

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Terpenoids, the most abundant and structurally diverse class of plant secondary metabolites, play an important role in plants. With the purpose of obtaining new and better chemical preservatives, the present study investigated the effects of geranyl diphosphate (GDP), a precursor of terpenoids, and its analog on the vase life of cut flower gerbera. GDP and its analog were used in 5 different concentrations (0, 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg L^{-1}). Flowers were grouped into 9 different treatment groups: control (C), G25, G50, G100, G200, A25, A50, A100, and A200. The application of geranyl diphosphate and its analog resulted in …

Changes In Mycorrhizal Spore And Root Colonization Of Coastal Dune Vegetation Of The Seyhan Delta In The Postcultivation Phase, Özlem Aytok, Kemal Tulühan Yilmaz, İbrahi̇m Ortaş, Hali̇l Çakan

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Changes in the abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) spores and root colonization that occurred in the postcultivation phase were investigated in the coastal dunes of the Seyhan Delta, Turkey. A sampling method was used to obtain community-level information, which is essential for the evaluation of relations between plant communities and AM colonization. Eight quadrats of 10 × 10 m were selected to describe floristic composition of different plant communities. TWINSPAN was applied to identify the plant communities. In addition, DECORANA was employed to put forward a clear ordination of the communities. Soil samples were collected at depths of 0-20 cm …

Extraction Of Phenolic Compounds From Melissa Using Microwave And Ultrasound, Alev Emi̇ne İnce, Serpi̇l Şahi̇n, Servet Gülüm Şümnü

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

In this study, extraction of phenolic compounds from melissa by microwave and ultrasound was studied. In both the microwave and ultrasound extractions, the effects of extraction time (5-20 min for microwave; 5-30 min for ultrasound) and solid-to-solvent ratio (1:10, 1:20, and 1:30 g mL^{-1}) on total phenolic content (TPC) were investigated. Effects of different powers (50% and 80%) were also studied for the ultrasound extraction. As a solvent, water was used. In microwave extractions, the highest TPC of extracts (145.8 mg GAE g^{-1} dry material) was obtained in 5 min and at a 1:30 solid-to-solvent ratio. For ultrasound extraction, the …

Forest Management Issues Of The Southern United States And Comparisons With Turkey, Pete Bettinger, Jacek Siry, Chris Cieszewski, Krista L. Merry, Hayati̇ Zengi̇n, Ahmet Yeşi̇l

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Most of the forest area in the southern United States has been cleared, regrown, purchased, and sold several times over the last 200 years, and forest management practices generally focus on wood production. Agricultural expansion, use, and the abandonment of land have been the major forces behind land use change, and now human population expansion is a major issue. The land tenure system of the United States has allowed individuals and companies to acquire, use, and sell land since the time of European colonization; thus, private ownership of land dominates the southern region. However, new private, corporate, nonindustrial entities have …

Mapping Of Thermal Comfort For Outdoor Recreation Planning Using Gis: The Case Of Isparta Province (Turkey), Mehmet Topay

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

This study presents a model for the physical planning process of thermal comfort (TC), which is very important for outdoor recreation planning, using thermal perception maps (TPMs). For this purpose, a TPM of Isparta Province was produced according to the physiologically equivalent temperature (PET) index from climatic data of the province. To determine the TC structure of the province, climatic data were collected from 16 meteorology stations. The RayMan 1.2 program was used to obtain the monthly PET values of the stations, and the inverse distance weighted interpolation technique in geographic information system (GIS) software was used to produce monthly …

Adhesion Properties Of Some Protective Layers Exposed To Outside Weather Conditions For Five Years, Mehmet Budakçi, Ci̇hat Taşçioğlu

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

In this study, the long-term (5-year) performances of 2 varnish systems, semitransparent alkyd-based brown stain (SABBS) and alkyd-based clear varnish (ABCV), were evaluated on preservative-treated Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) sapwood. Prior to varnish application, specimens were impregnated with 2 different types of wood preservative. The experimental variables were varnish type, layer thickness, and wood preservative. ASTM D 1641 was followed for exposing wood specimens to outdoor conditions. The effects of long-term exposure on adhesion properties of applied varnish systems were tested according to ASTM D 4541. Long-term outdoor exposure resulted in 4.2% and 33.9% reductions in the adhesion properties …

The Effect Of Tillage Systems On Yield And Quality Of Durum Wheat Cultivars, Andrzej Wozniak

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

A field experiment was conducted for 3 years, from 2008 to 2010, in Uhrusk, Poland, to investigate the effect of tillage systems on the yield and quality of durum wheat cultivars Floradur and Lloyd. The 3 tillage systems were: 1) conventional tillage (CT) - shallow ploughing and harrowing after harvest of the previous crop, ploughing in the autumn; 2) reduced tillage (RT) - only a cultivator was used after harvest of the previous crop; and 3) herbicide tillage (HT) - only Roundup 360 SL was used after harvest of the previous crop. Both cultivars were found to respond differently to …