Other Food Science Commons^™

Feeding The Future Meat Doesn’T Come Cheap, Lukas C. Southard

Capstones

Cultured – or as it is referred to by companies innovating the technology clean – meat is expected to be the next innovation to change the way the world gets its animal protein. Meat from animal cells grown in a lab seems like science fiction but it is around the corner from hitting your supermarket shelves. The technology has been developed but how these companies intend on scaling up their production to meet retail demands remains a mystery. So far companies have relied on seed and early stage investment from venture capital companies and private sources to fund research. Predictions …

Effects Of Poor Sanitation Procedures On Cross-Contamination Of Animal Species In Ground Meat Products, Sunjung Chung, Rosalee S. Hellberg

Food Science Faculty Articles and Research

The presence of <1% of an undeclared species in ground meat is generally thought to be indicative of cross-contamination as opposed to intentional mislabeling; however, this has not been experimentally tested. The objective of this study was to quantify the effects of poor sanitation on the cross-contamination of animal species in ground meat products, with the example of undeclared pork in ground beef. Cross-contamination was quantified using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Three different sanitation treatments were tested with a commercial grinder (“no cleaning”, “partial cleaning”, or “complete cleaning”) in between grinding of pork and beef samples (13.6 kg each). A 100-g sample was collected for each 0.91 kg (2 lb) of beef processed with the grinder and each sanitation treatment was tested twice. For the “no cleaning” treatment, the first 100-g sample of ground beef run through the grinder contained 24.42 ± 10.41% pork, while subsequent samples (n = 14) contained <0.2% pork. With “partial cleaning,” the first sample of ground beef contained 4.60 ± 0.3% pork and subsequent samples contained <0.2% pork. Pork was not detected in ground beef following “complete cleaning.” These results indicate that incomplete cleaning of grinding equipment leads to species cross-contamination at levels of <1% in most cases. Proper sanitation procedures must be followed when grinding multiple species in order to prevent cross-contamination and product mislabeling.

College Field Preceptor Contracted Partnership, Kimberly Procaccino Mba, Rd, Ldn, Melissa Faura Rd, Ldn, Ann Flickinger Ms, Rd, Ldn, Susan Gargano Rd, Ldn

Clinical Nutrition Service

No abstract provided.

Investigating The Knowledge Surrounding Folate And Folic Acid In A Cohort Of Vegetarians, Michael Dolan, Katherine Younger, Lucy Brennan, Jessica Roche

SURE Journal: Science Undergraduate Research Experience Journal

Background
The aim is to identify any gaps in the knowledge of folate and folic acid in vegetarians, which is of interest given the increasing adoption of vegetarian type diets.

Methods
In this convenience sample, 106 people answered an online questionnaire regarding folate intake and awareness among vegetarians. This was created using Google Forms and was shared via Facebook, including on various national and college vegetarian group pages. There were 44 questions. Twenty-four participants were excluded, because they reported eating fish, chicken or other meat. Final data analysis included 82 subjects. The majority of these vegetarians were females over the …

Application Of Active And Edible Films Of Sodium Caseinate To Extend The Shelf-Life Of Argentine Pategrás Cheese, Brenda S. Álvarez, Natalia Damiani, Marina Czerner, Josefa F. Martucci, Liesel B. Gende

Journal of Applied Packaging Research

Argentine Pategrás cheese is one of the most popular types of cheese in Argentina. The main spoilage causes in these products are microbiological contamination and lipid rancidity. Semi-hard cheeses are usually covered with a paraffin wax that favors its preservation. When pieces are stored, cutting faces must be protected to prevent desiccation and contamination. Active biodegradable films are an alternative to the traditional materials, in particular, casein-based edible films are attractive for food applications. In the present work, active films of sodium caseinate with oregano (Origanum vulgare) and laurel (Laurus nobilis) essential oils were produced for …

Comparison Of The Kinetic Parameters Of Escherichia Coli 0157:H7, Listeria Monocytogenes And Salmonella Typhimurium Derived From The Baranyi And Huang Models In A Chemically Defined Minimal Medium, Jose Isidro Fuentes

LSU Master's Theses

Microbial growth can be characterized by parameters such as lag time, growth rate, and maximum population density at any specific point of time. Mathematical models that predict microbial growth of foodborne pathogens are increasingly used in the food industry as a viable alternative to traditional methods of microbial enumeration. The Baranyi model has been widely used as the primary model of choice by many authors because of its performance and accuracy. The most recently developed Huang model has been less implemented and few comparisons between the Baranyi and Huang models have been made when modeling pathogenic growth. For this research, …

Multi-Instrument Evaluation Of A Real-Time Pcr Assay For Identification Of Atlantic Salmon: A Case Study On The Use Of A Pre-Packaged Kit For Rapid Seafood Species Identification, Amanda A. Naaum, Rosalee S. Hellberg, Tara A. Okuma, Robert H. Hanner

Food Science Faculty Articles and Research

Protecting the seafood supply chain from species substitution is critical for economic, health, and conservation reasons. DNA-based methods represent an effective means to detect species substitution, but current methods can be time consuming or costly, and require specialized instruments and operators. Real-time PCR provides an alternative that can be performed quickly, and in some cases even on-site. The use of commercial kits reduces the expertise required by the operator and therefore increases accessibility to testing. This potentially increases the likelihood of adoption into the supply chain, but only if the kits are robust across multiple operators, instruments, and samples. In …

Real-Time Pcr Combined With Dna Barcoding For The Authentication Of Red Snapper (Lutjanus Campechanus) Fillets, Rachel Isaacs

Food Science (MS) Theses

Seafood substitution is a worldwide problem due to factors such as limited monitoring coupled with complex supply chains. Red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) is a highly valued and overfished species that is commonly substituted with other fish, such as tilapia, rockfish, and other snapper species. DNA barcoding is typically used by regulatory agencies to detect seafood substitution; however, it is expensive and time-consuming. A rapid, real-time PCR assay targeting red snapper was developed previously for use in fisheries management; however, it has not been tested for its ability to detect red snapper species substitution. The objective of this study …

Prediction And Evaluation Of Breast Myopathy, Barbara De Almeida Mallmann

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Broiler breast myopathies, including woody breast, white striping, and spaghetti breast, negatively impact the industry. Therefore, evaluation, prediction, and frequency of these muscle abnormalities on modern birds are important for decision making. Modern broilers are not highly active and often sit with the breast of the bird resting on the floor. Therefore, the first experiment was to promote bird movement and explore the impact on the breast myopathies. The movement was stimulated by human interaction (walking through pen) and higher light intensity so that birds walked around the pen more often throughout the day. The control group had normal low …

Physiological Response Of ‘Fuji’ Apples To Irradiation And The Effect On Quality, Nasim Kheshti, Anderson Adriano Martins Melo, Alan Baquero Cedeno, David Obenland, Anuradha Prakash

Food Science Faculty Articles and Research

The objective of this study was to determine the influence of irradiation-induced physiological responses on quality parameters in ‘Fuji’ apples. Apples were treated at 377 and 1148 Gy, stored for 7 days at 1 °C to mimic ground transportation to Mexico and another 7 days at ambient temperature to simulate retail and consumer storage conditions. Irradiation suppressed ethylene production, especially in the 1148 Gy treated apples, which was consistent with lower activities of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase (ACO). A dose-dependent increase in respiration rate corresponded with decreases in titratable acidity (TA) and organic acids. Higher electrolyte leakage in apples irradiated at the …

Saponin Removal From Quinoa By Abrasion Processing, Luke Lundberg

Master's Theses

Quinoa is coated with a thin layer of saponins, glycosylated triterpenoids, that produce a bitter flavor when consumed. The average saponin content in commercial varietals from Bolivia average around 2.7% saponins and organoleptic testing shows the threshold for noticing a bitter flavor is below 0.12% (Medina-Meza et al., 2016). Current industrial processing methods use a combination of abrasion and turbulent water flow to remove saponin. This study will address the following research question: How will grain-to-grain and grain-to-surface abrasion affect the processing time to remove saponin from quinoa? In particular, can effective saponin removal be achieved in less than 10 …

Sodium Reduction Through Salt Substitute Mixtures, Visual Cues, And Salt Level Statements, And Its Effects On Consumer Perception: A Case Of Barbecue Sauce, Jose Ramon Alonso Marenco

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading causes of death in the USA and associated with excessive sodium (Na) intake. Thus, reducing the Na intake is vital to alleviate health concerns. One serving of the average Barbecue sauce (BBQs) may contribute around 15%-20% of the daily Na allowance (2,300 mg). No research has evaluated salt substitutes or visual cues on salty taste perception of BBQs, thus it was the aim of this research. Consumer studies followed a Balanced Incomplete Block (BIB) designs. For Study I, BBQs prototypes followed a 3-components (NaCl : KCl : Glycine) mixture design, with 38% - 87% less …

Effect Of Poor Sanitation Procedures On Cross-Contamination Of Animal Species In Ground Meat Products, Sunjung Chung

Food Science (MS) Theses

While the presence of ≥1% of an undeclared species in ground meat generally used as an indicator of intentional mislabeling as opposed to cross-contamination, the actual percent of undeclared species resulting from cross-contamination has not been experimentally determined. The objective of this study was to quantify the effect of sanitation procedures on the crosscontamination of animal species in ground meat products, using undeclared pork in ground beef. Pork (13.6 kg) was processed using a commercial grinder, then one of three sanitation treatments was completed (“no cleaning”, “partial cleaning”, or “complete cleaning”). Next, beef (13.6 kg) was ground using the same …

Introduction To Sorghum Paper Production, Zachary Christman

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Sorghum is a tall grass used for many commercial products such as fodder and syrup. The 10 to 15 feet stalk of the plant has lower lignin than wood and provides a fiber length of 2.31 mm in the outer covering and 1.38 mm for the leaf. Sorghum fiber makes a high quality, strong paper suitable for printing, packaging and paperboard.

Rising Rural Body-Mass Index Is The Main Driver Of The Global Obesity Epidemic In Adults, Con Burns, Tara Coppinger, Janette Walton, Et Al

Publications

Body-mass index (BMI) has increased steadily in most countries in parallel with a rise in the proportion of the population who live in cities1,2. This has led to a widely reported view that urbanization is one of the most important drivers of the global rise in obesity3,4,5,6. Here we use 2,009 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in more than 112 million adults, to report national, regional and global trends in mean BMI segregated by place of residence (a rural or urban area) from 1985 to …

Effect Of Resistant Starch On The Glycemic Effect Of A Meal, Sofia Maragoudakis

Theses & Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to determine if supplementation of a high glycemic load breakfast with resistant starch attenuates the glycemic response in young healthy adults. Twenty-one subjects, 23.8 + 3.3 yrs, reported for two days of data collection, having fasted 8-12h. On day 1(control), fasting BG was measured using glucometers, then subjects consumed 2 slices white bread and 250mL apple juice within 15min, the repeated BG measurement at 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120min after baseline. Day 2, the protocol was repeated, except that 10g of resistant starch supplement was added to the apple juice. There was no …

Concentration Of Hot Water Extracts Of Anthocyanins Obtained From Muscadine Grape Pomace Using Membrane-Osmotic Distillation, Chuqiao Mai

Food Science Undergraduate Honors Theses

Anthocyanins are well known for their health-promoting benefits. The goal of this study was to evaluate a distillation-based membrane technology to concentrate aqueous anthocyanins extracted from muscadine grape pomace using polypropylene (PP) or ethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene (ECTFE) membranes. A hot water extraction method was utilized to extract the anthocyanins from the pomace. A pre-experimental run using DI water as feed was conducted to optimize the NaCl brine concentration for osmotic distillation and it was determined that 4M was the optimal concentration. The aqueous anthocyanins extraction was filtrated through a series of filter of different pore sizes before the distillation process. Membrane …

Smartphone Ecological Momentary Assessment: Adherence, Stress, And Sleep Study, David Massabni

Honors Scholar Theses

It is known that lack of sleep correlates with more stress throughout the day. In this unique study, we utilize participants smartphones to complete surveys through a hyperlink via text message. The use of smartphones could help because stress and sleep can only be measured at a moment’s notice. A sample of 8 participants were assessed for Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), College Student’s Stressful Event Checklist (CSSEC) along with their height, weight, and blood pressure at baseline. Next, participants were asked to respond to five scheduled surveys over the next two days where they completed …

Characterization And Evaluation Of The Probiotic Properties Of The Sporeforming Bacteria, Bacillus Coagulans Unique Is-2, Amy Garrison

Department of Food Science and Technology: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Probiotics are live organisms, that when consumed in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit to the host. To achieve probiotic status, each potential strain’s functional properties and their safety to the consumer must be comprehensively evaluated. Probiotic effects have been observed to be strain specific, therefore each new strain of interest must be characterized according to their phenotypic and genetic characteristics. There is a list of characteristics that potential probiotic strains should have to be considered as a probiotic. Potential probiotic strains should be evaluated for their acid and bile salt resistance, antimicrobial activity and adherence and colonization to intestinal …

Comparison Of Organic Food Packaging In Denmark, Finland, Germany, Great Britain And Italy, Sara Paunonen, Marja Pitkänen, Mika Vähä-Nissi, Ville Leminen, Mika Kainusalmi

Journal of Applied Packaging Research

The objective of this study was to provide a snapshot of organic food assortments in supermarkets in Denmark, Finland, Germany, Great Britain, and Italy, and compare the packages used for five organic food products (eggs, meat, fish, mushrooms, berries). In addition, a comparison was made between packaging for regular and organic whole eggs. The highest number of organic products was found in the Danish supermarket. The main difference between the countries was in the use of national organic logos. Of the different food products, egg cartons had the most variation in materials and visual design. In all countries the product …

Sensory Analysis For Determining The Influence Of Visual Stimuli Upon Eating Experiences, Pitchayapat Chonpracha

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Consumers are currently more conscious about salt and sugar intake than they were in the past. Visual cues have been shown to impact consumers’ cognitive and their taste perceptions. Current research information about visual cues enhancing human’s tastes expectation of saltiness and sweetness is limited. The sophisticated sensory analysis for products containing a reduced amount of salt and sugar is undoubtedly time–consuming and costly if the sensory experiment is designed with many samples. Therefore, the following three studies were achieved: I) an examination of how intrinsic and extrinsic visual cues affect the overall consumer eating experiences; II) a comparison of …

Combined Effects Of Calcium Ascorbate Treatment And Modified Atmosphere Packaging To Improve Quality Retention Of Fresh-Cut Cantaloupes, Joongmin Shin, Kevin Mis Solval, Bob Xiang, Youn Suk Lee

Journal of Applied Packaging Research

The impact of passive modified atmosphere packaging technique (MP) and calcium ascorbate (CA) on the extension of freshness and shelf life in fresh-cut cantaloupe was studied at two storage temperatures (4 and 10°C). Fresh cantaloupes were cut into uniform size cubes (25.4 mm x 25.4mm x 25.4mm). Then, half of the fresh cut cubes was dipped into the treatment solution, and the others were not. Clamshell tray with snap-on lid (control) and micro-perforated sealable lid (MP) was used as the fresh cut fruits packaging. Fresh cut cantaloupes in CA and MP combination (CA-MP) observed the highest quality preservation among the …

Effects Of Red Raspberry Polyphenols And Metabolites On Biomarkers Of Inflammation And Insulin Resistance In Prediabetes And Type 2 Diabetes, Reynaldo Moreno Ucles

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Berry fruits are rich sources of polyphenolic compounds (PCs), which can promote health benefits. Anthocyanin concentrations of red raspberry (RR)(Rubus idaeus) extracts were determined to be a total of 887.6 ± 262.8 μg/g cyanidin-3-sophoroside (C3S) equivalents with C3S being the most prevalent. Ellagitannin analysis by MALDI-TOF indicated sanguiin H-6 and lambertianin C were the major ellagitannins present in RR. To explore the efficacy of RR in modulating diabetes, seven type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and two pre-diabetic patients were given drinks delivering one RR serving (123 g) per day in a smoothie for two weeks. Blood samples were …

Recovering Our Roots: The Importance Of Salish Ethnobotanical Knowledge And Traditional Food Systems To Community Wellbeing On The Flathead Indian Reservation In Montana., Mitchell Rose Bear Don't Walk

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

This thesis provides a culturally-comprehensive review of the plants utilized for food in the Bitterroot Salish tribe of northwestern Montana. As part of the larger Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes (CS&KT) of the Flathead Indian Reservation, the Bitterroot Salish historically utilized hundreds of plants for food, medicine and hygiene. This thesis aims to highlight food plants and their important cultural components. The information herein is a combination of history, ethnography, linguistics, ethnobotany, and first-hand experience with the current Salish community to provide a holistic framework of understanding traditional food plants today. A comprehensive plant list is provided with Latin, Salish …

Calculating Restaurant Failure Rates Using Longitudinal Census Data, J. J. Healy, Máirtín Mac Con Iomaire

Articles

Failure rates in the restaurant industry are popularly perceived to be far higher than they actually are. This paper calculates failure rates in the Irish Food and Drinks Sector (IFDS), for the first time, using longitudinal census data from the Central Statistics Office (CSO) in Ireland, which follows the European statistical classification of economic activity (NACE). The results are compared with previously published literature on restaurant failure rates in the United States of America. This study also compares IFDS failure rates with other industry sectors in Ireland (construction, manufacturing). Drawing on Stinchcombe’s ’liability of newness’ theory, the informal fallacies theory …

Proximate Composition And Anti-Nutritional Factors Of Fava-Bean (Vicia Faba), Green-Pea And Yellow-Pea (Pisum Sativum) Flour, Kim A. Millar, Eimear Gallagher, Roisin Burke, Sinead Mccarthy, Catherine Barry-Ryan

Articles

Pulse grains were identified as a key resource for food innovation during the International Year of the Pulse (IYP), 2016. Pulse flour offers a sustainable source of plant protein for innovation in protein enriched cereal based foods. Fava-bean (Vicia faba), green- and yellow-pea (Pisum sativum) flour were analysed for proximate composition, minerals, amino acids, phenolic content, phytic acid and trypsin inhibitory activity. Fava-bean flour had the highest protein content (28 g/100 g), while green-pea flour had the highest total dietary fibre content (15 g/100 g). All three flours contained essential amino acids in adequate quantity, highlighting them as a source …

Development And Diagnostics Of Novel Non-Thermal Plasmatreatment Systems, Laurence Scally

Doctoral

Non-thermal plasma (NTP) has been a point of interest in many areas over the last few decades. Much research has been,and continues to beundertaken,to understand the fundamentals of plasma discharges. This is such a broad topic due to the very nature and variable dependencies that set the conditions for plasma discharge to occur. This can come in the form of electrode geometry and spacing, dielectric barrier thickness, humidity of environment, material selection for electrodes and dielectric barriers, the power supply used, and the operating gas(es) used. A lot of these influencing factors can be set and kept constant, but still …

Compound-Specific Isotope Analysis Of Amino Acids In Biological Tissues: Applications In Forensic Entomology, Food Authentication And Soft-Biometrics In Humans, Mayara Patricia Viana De Matos

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

In this work we demonstrate the power of compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) to analyze proteinaceous biological materials in three distinct forensic applications, including: 1) linking necrophagous blow flies in different life stages to their primary carrion diet; 2) identifying the harvesting area of oysters for food authentication purposes; and 3) the ability to predict biometric traits about humans from their hair.

In the first application, we measured the amino-acid-level fractionation that occurs at each major life stage of Calliphora vicina (Robineau-Desvoidy) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) blow flies. Adult blow flies oviposited on raw pork muscle, beef muscle, or chicken liver. Larvae, pupae …

Thermostable Phytase In Feed And Fuel Industries, Ushasree Mrudula Vasudevan, Amit Jaiswal, Shyam Krishna, Ashok Pandey

Articles

Phytase with wide ranging biochemical properties has long been utilized in a multitude of industries, even so, thermostability plays a crucial factor in choosing the right phytase in a few of the sectors. Mesophilic phytases are not considered to be a viable option in the feed industry owing to its limited stability in the required feed processing temperature. In the recent past, inclusion of thermostable phytase in fuel ethanol production from starch based raw material has been demonstrated with economic benefits. Therefore, considerable emphasis has been placed on using complementary approaches such as mining of extremophilic microbial wealth, encapsulation and …

Effect Of Cold Plasma On The Techno-Functional Properties Of Animal Protein Food Ingredients, Juan M. Pérez-Andrés, Carlos Álvarez, Patrick J. Cullen, Brijesh K. Tiwari

Articles

Proteins, as food ingredients, are employed in the food industry, not only for their high nutritional value, but also because of their techno-functional properties. Modifications of their native structure due to the action of external factors such as pH, temperature or processing by emerging technologies, can lead to changes in their functionality; and consequently, their applicability. The present study investigates the effects of cold atmospheric air plasma on the techno-functional properties of two common food ingredients (haemoglobin and gelatine from pork), and a novel source of functional proteins extracted from a meat co-product (bovine lung protein). Significant effects were found …