Other Food Science Commons^™

Exploring The Influence Of Environmental Motivations On Consumer Attitudes And Purchase Intentions Toward Upcycled Foods, Peng Lu, Jennifer Waldeck, Keith Weber, Hualu Zhou

Communication Faculty Articles and Research

Food loss and waste (FLW) present pressing environmental and economic challenges. Upcycling technologies provide a sustainable pathway by transforming food by-products into value-added products; however, consumer acceptance remains a critical barrier. Guided by Self-Determination Theory (SDT), this study investigates how environmental motivations influence consumers’ attitudes and purchase intentions toward milk enriched with upcycled peanut skins. Data were collected from a nationally representative sample of 1488 U.S. adults. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed to test hypothesized relationships among motivational constructs, and cluster analysis was used to identify consumer segments based on motivational profiles. The results show that intrinsic motivation and …

Alkaline And Acid Extraction Of An L-Tryptophan–Sunflower Flour Red Colorant: Production, Characterization, And Utilization, Spencer Nguyen, Marissa Wong, Lilian Were Senger

Food Science Faculty Articles and Research

The objective was to produce and characterize a red colorant resulting from interaction of sunflower-derived chlorogenic acid with L-tryptophan/Trp and to evaluate its applications. Yield, intensity, solubility, stability, protein, and metal content of colorants from pH 9 and pH 11 lyophilized sunflower flour- Trp colorants were measured. Red color formation took < 3 h with alkalization and subsequent acidification. The sunflower flour: Trp mixture ratio that produced the greatest redness was 10:2. The highest red pigment was in supernatants and not the precipitates. The red colorant intensity and solubility were highest at neutral pH when compared to acidic pH solutions. The color stability of the new red colorant in icing and refrigerated whole milk matrices, when assessed weekly for a month, showed no color change in refrigerated milk. After 30 min of incubation at 63 °C, pinkness in milk remained unchanged or increased. The pink color, however, faded in icing over time due to exposure to light. The present study established a new natural red colorant developed from sunflower protein-Trp mixtures at alkaline pH, as well as its application in icings and whole milk for commercial strawberry milk products. This colorant could serve as a replacement for the synthetic petroleum-based Red 3.

The Innovative Food Choice Map As A Bottom-Up Mixed-Methods Approach To Studying Food Choice Motivations, Uyen Thuy Xuan Phan, Edgar Chambers Iv

Food Science Faculty Articles and Research

This study presents the innovative Food Choice Map (iFCM) as a methodological innovation for investigating food choice motivations using an integrated qualitative and quantitative approach. One hundred in-depth interviews were conducted with adults living in the United States, during which participants constructed individualized visual maps of their typical weekly diet. These maps documented specific foods and beverages, eating occasions, frequencies of consumption, and self-articulated motivations for each choice. Using a bottom-up framework grounded in real consumption events, qualitative data were inductively coded into fifteen motivation constructs, which were subsequently analyzed using Correspondence Analysis to demonstrate how motivational patterns can be …

Fish-Spec: Fast Identification System For Handheld Spectroscopy And Species Classification, Mitchell Sueker, Nicholas Mackinnon, Gregory Bearman, Amanda Tabb, Diane Kim, Rosalee S. Hellberg, Alireza Akhbardeh, Hamid Reza Marateb, Jianwei Qin, Moon Kim, Fartash Vasefi, Hossein Kashani Zadeh

Food Science Faculty Articles and Research

Accurate fish species identification is critical to prevent mislabeling and fraud in the seafood industry. We present a handheld multi-mode point spectroscopy system that combines fluorescence (365 and 395 nm excitation) and reflectance measurements in the visible to near-infrared (∼350–900 nm) and short-wave infrared (∼900–1700 nm) regions for rapid, non-destructive classification of fish fillets. Tissue spectra were acquired at 25 positions on 68 fillets from 11 species, in both frozen and thawed states. Feature-level fusion across all four modes enabled higher classification accuracy than any single mode alone. A global machine-learning model classified all species with 85 ± 2.8 %, …

Major Drivers Of Consumer Choice Of Dairy Milk And Plant-Based Milk Alternatives In Coffee, Uyen Thuy Xuan Phan, Luu Hoang, Keith Weber, Anuradha Prakash

Food Science Faculty Articles and Research

Coffee shops in the United States typically offer several options of dairy milk and plant-based milk alternatives (PBMA) for espresso-based beverages. Although previous studies have explored consumer preferences for dairy or PBMA in general, none have examined what drives their milk or PBMA choices specifically in the context of coffee shops. This study aimed to identify key decision drivers for the choice of milks in coffee, assess the role of lactose-free preferences, and explore whether offering lactose-free cow milk would increase coffee shop visits. Following a preliminary study using in-depth interviews, an online survey was used to collect data from …

Effective Control Of Tomato Leaf Miner, Tuta Absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) Using The Entomopathogenic Fungus, Beauveria Pseudobassiana Rehner & Humber In Commercial High-Arched Plastic Tunnels, Aya Fardoun, Nour Ezzeddine, Hagop S. Atamian, Hana Sobh, Houssam Shaib, Yusuf Abou Jawdah

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

Background

The tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is a highly invasive pest that causes significant damages to tomato crops globally. Its resistance to commonly used chemical insecticides has made management increasingly difficult, prompting the need for sustainable, effective alternatives. This study investigated the efficacy of a Lebanese isolate of Beauveria pseudobassiana as a biological control agent against T. absoluta, compared its performance to Bacillus thuringiensis and conventional pesticide mixtures under both controlled, commercial production conditions

Results

Three preliminary cage experiments were conducted under controlled infestation conditions using larvae reared from field-collected adults. Conidial suspensions of B. pseudobassiana …

Unraveling Crop Nitrogen-Water Dynamics With Hyperspectral-Thermal Sensing In Northern Central Valley, California, Shahryar Fazli, Surendra Maharjan, Wenzhao Li, Joshua B. Fisher, Rejoice Thomas, Fernando Romero Galvan, Gabriela Shirkey, Hesham El-Askary

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

Ensuring global food security in the face of climate change requires optimizing crop water use and nutrient management. This study investigates the relationship between canopy nitrogen (N) and evapotranspiration (ET) across sunflower, rice, walnut, alfalfa, and plum crops using advanced remote sensing technologies. High-resolution hyperspectral data from NASAs Earth Surface Mineral Dust Source Investigation (EMIT) and thermal multispectral data from the Landsat-based OpenET system were analyzed over 1,135 km² in California. Regression analysis revealed strong spatial association between canopy N and ET for sunflower (R² = 0.82), rice (R² = 0.71), and walnut (R² = 0.68), …

Comparison Of Pcr-Based Methods For The Detection Of Canned Tuna Species, Chloe P. Castanon, Denise Hernandez, Akshay N. Khetrapal, Rosalee S. Hellberg

Food Science Faculty Articles and Research

Canned tuna is susceptible to mislabeling due to its high consumer demand, complex global supply chains, and range of prices. DNA barcoding of a short fragment of the mitochondrial control region (CR), termed the CR mini-barcode, has been established as an effective method for tuna species identification. However, the high level of DNA degradation in canned tuna products reduces the effectiveness of this method. Therefore, this study aimed to compare CR mini-barcoding to targeted (i.e., real-time or multiplex) PCR-based methods to determine the most effective approach for canned tuna species identification. DNA was extracted in duplicate from 24 canned tuna …

A Meta-Analysis Of Seafood Species Mislabeling In The United States, Sarah Ahles, Christina A. Mireles Dewitt, Rosalee S. Hellberg

Food Science Faculty Articles and Research

Seafood is vulnerable to mislabeling due to complex global supply chains, varying prices, and the similar appearance of species. While numerous studies have been published on seafood mislabeling, the focus is often on species known to be commonly substituted. Therefore, the overall mislabeling rates of seafood sold in the U.S. remain unknown, especially for the most consumed species. The objective of the current study was to compile the results of seafood mislabeling studies into a single resource to provide informative statistics on U.S. seafood mislabeling. A meta-analysis was conducted on U.S. seafood mislabeling studies that tested commercial samples of bony …

Seasonal Dynamics In Land Surface Temperature In Response To Land Use Land Cover Changes Using Google Earth Engine, Lei Feng, Sajjad Hussain, Narcisa G. Pricope, Sana Arshad, Aqil Tariq, Li Feng, Muhammad Mubeen, Rana Waqar Aslam, Mohammed S. Fnais, Wenzhao Li, Hesham El-Askary

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

Changes in land use and land cover (LULC) are critical for evaluating global spatiotemporal trends, especially regarding climate change and urbanization. This study investigates the dynamics of Landsat surface temperature (LST) in response to LULC changes and their effects on the seasonal microclimate in Kasur District, Pakistan. Using the Google Earth Engine platform, we employed a random forest algorithm to detect LULC changes (cropland, forest, built-up, fallow, barren, and water) and analyze seasonal spectral indices from Landsat imagery for 1988, 2002, and 2022. Significant LULC changes were observed, including a 9.8% increase in built-up areas, a 4.2% decrease in cropland, …

Use Of A Novel Combination Of Multiplex Pcr And Dna Barcoding In Assessing Authenticity Of Ginseng Products, Diane Y. Kim, Donna Miranda-Romo, Adriana R. Ten Cate, Rosalee S. Hellberg

Food Science Faculty Articles and Research

Ginseng (Panax sp.) is a medicinal plant used for its purported health benefits, primarily in East Asian countries. The COVID-19 pandemic led to a significant increase in sales of dietary supplements, including ginseng supplements, to purportedly support immune health and provide other health benefits. However, this heightened demand has subsequently increased the risk of adulteration in these dietary supplements. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of a novel combination of DNA barcoding and multiplex PCR to identify species in ginseng supplements. A total of 50 commercial ginseng supplements containing Panax ginseng, Panax quinquefolius, or Panax notoginseng were obtained …

Characterizing Oxylipins In Human Milk Extracellular Vesicles, Priscila Herrera

Food Science (MS) Theses

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are non-replicating lipid bilayer membrane-bound particle formed by a parent cell and secreted into the extracellular environment. EVs in human milk are bioavailable and influence physiologic pathways that may contribute to newborn growth and development. There is interest in the oxylipin content of EVs that may contribute to the bioavailability of EVs. This research aims to characterize the oxylipin content of human milk EVs. Centrifugation and precipitation were used to isolate EVs from human milk (n = 20). The Folch method was used to extract lipids, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC– MS) was used to qualify and …

Twenty-Three Years Of Pcr-Based Seafood Authentication Assay Development: What Have We Learned?, Maleeka Singh, Robert G. Young, Rosalee S. Hellberg, Robert H. Hanner, Maria G. Corradini, Jeffrey M. Farber

Food Science Faculty Articles and Research

Seafood is a prime target for fraudulent activities due to the complexity of its supply chain, high demand, and difficult discrimination among species once morphological characteristics are removed. Instances of seafood fraud are expected to increase due to growing demand. This manuscript reviews the application of DNA-based methods for commercial fish authentication and identification from 2000 to 2023. It explores (1) the most common types of commercial fish used in assay development, (2) the type of method used, (3) the gene region most often targeted, (4) provides a case study of currently published assays or primer-probe pairs used for DNA …

Twenty-Three Years Of Pcr-Based Seafood Authentication Assay Development: What Have We Learned?, Maleeka Singh, Robert G. Young, Rosalee S. Hellberg, Robert H. Hanner, Maria G. Corradini, Jeffrey M. Garber

Food Science Faculty Articles and Research

Seafood is a prime target for fraudulent activities due to the complexity of its supply chain, high demand, and difficult discrimination among species once morphological characteristics are removed. Instances of seafood fraud are expected to increase due to growing demand. This manuscript reviews the application of DNA-based methods for commercial fish authentication and identification from 2000 to 2023. It explores (1) the most common types of commercial fish used in assay development, (2) the type of method used, (3) the gene region most often targeted, (4) provides a case study of currently published assays or primer-probe pairs used for DNA …

Socioeconomic Constraints On Low-Income Individuals' Perceptions Toward Food Safety, Uyen Thuy Xuan Phan, Cuc Thuy Thi Tran, Nguyet Minh Thi Nguyen

Food Science Faculty Articles and Research

Food safety has emerged as a critical concern in Vietnam, posing a significant threat to public health due to the prevalence of unsafe foods in the market. Among those most vulnerable to contaminated foods, low-income individuals are significantly affected. This study aimed to investigate the perceptions of food safety among this demographic, utilizing qualitative and quantitative approaches, including focus groups, survey questionnaires, and behavioral experiments using steamed bun as a stimulus. Participants were generally from low-income classes with certain variations in household monthly income. Results from focus groups and the survey highlighted that the factors influencing food purchases included perception …

Use Of A Novel Combination Of Multiplex Pcr And Dna Barcoding In Assessing Authenticity Of Ginseng Products, Diane Kim

Food Science (MS) Theses

Ginseng (Panax sp.) is a medicinal plant root used for its purported health benefits, primarily in East Asian countries. The COVID-19 pandemic led to a significant increase in sales of dietary supplements, including ginseng supplements, to purportedly support immune health and provide other health benefits. However, this heightened demand has subsequently increased the risk of adulteration in these dietary supplements. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of a novel combination of DNA barcoding and multiplex PCR to identify species in ginseng supplements. A total of 50 commercial ginseng supplements containing either Panax ginseng, Panax quinquefolius, or …

A Meta-Analysis Of Seafood Species Mislabeling Rates In The United States, Sarah Ahles

Food Science (MS) Theses

Seafood is vulnerable to species mislabeling due to factors such as complex global supply chains, varying prices, and similar appearance of species. Numerous studies have been published reporting a range of mislabeling rates for various forms of seafood. However, these studies oftentimes focus on lesser-consumed species that are vulnerable to species mislabeling. As a result, the overall mislabeling rate of commercially sold seafood in the U.S. remains unknown, especially for the most consumed species. Thus, the objective of the current study was to compile the results of seafood mislabeling studies into a single resource to provide informative statistics on U.S. …

Inactivation Of Escherichia Coli, Salmonella Enterica, And Listeria Monocytogenes Using The Contamination Sanitization Inspection And Disinfection (Csi-D) Device, Jennifer Mccoy Sanders, Vanessa Alarcon, Grace Marquis, Amanda Tabb, Jo Ann Van Kessel, Jakeitha Sonnier, Brad J. Haley, Insuck Baek, Jianwei Qin, Moon Kim, Fartash Vasefi, Stanislav Sokolov, Rosalee S. Hellberg

Food Science Faculty Articles and Research

The Contamination Sanitization Inspection and Disinfection (CSI-D) device is a handheld fluorescence-based imaging system designed to disinfect food contact surfaces using ultraviolet-C (UVC) illumination. This study aimed to determine the optimal CSI-D parameters (i.e., UVC exposure time and intensity) for the inactivation of the following foodborne bacteria plated on non-selective media: generic Escherichia coli (indicator organism) and the pathogens enterohemorrhagic E. coli, enterotoxigenic E. coli, Salmonella enterica, and Listeria monocytogenes. Each bacterial strain was spread-plated on non-selective agar and exposed to high-intensity (10 mW/cm²) or low-intensity (5 mW/cm²) UVC for 1–5 s. Control …

Evaluation Of Yield And Physicochemical Quality Of Pentadesma Butyracea Butter Obtained By Different Traditional Extraction Methods In Ghana, Josephine Akuba Timtey, Francis Alemawor, William Otoo Ellis, Jacob K. Agbenorhevi, Nana Baah Pepra-Ameyaw

Food Science Faculty Articles and Research

Pentadesma butyracea seed butter or fat (PBSB) is a vegetable fat extracted from the seeds of the P. butyracea plant. The butter has potential use in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. The study investigated traditional PBSB processing methods in Ghana and evaluated their effects on yield, physicochemical parameters, and fatty acid composition. Four traditional extraction methods were identified and evaluated, and these methods are direct wet extraction of PBSB from a fresh mixture of the seed paste and water (DEW); wet extraction of PBSB from a 12-hour fermented mixture of the seed paste and water (FWO); direct wet extraction …

Impact Of Fads Genotype On Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Content In Human Milk Extracellular Vesicles: A Genetic Association Study, John J. Miklavcic, Natalie Paterson, Jennifer Hahn-Holbrook, Laura M. Glynn

Food Science Faculty Articles and Research

Background

Extracellular vesicles in human milk are critical in supporting newborn growth and development. Bioavailability of dietary extracellular vesicles may depend on the composition of membrane lipids. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the fatty acid desaturase gene cluster impact the content of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in human milk phospholipids. This study investigated the relation between variation in FADS1 and FADS2 with the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in extracellular vesicles from human milk.

Methods

Milk was obtained from a cohort of mothers (N = 70) at 2–4 weeks of lactation. SNPs in the FADS gene locus were determined using …

3rd Place Contest Entry: Cultural Attitudes Towards Ethnic Cuisine In Italy, Rachel Berns

Kevin and Tam Ross Undergraduate Research Prize

This is Rachel Berns' submission for the 2024 Kevin and Tam Ross Undergraduate Research Prize, which won third place. It contains their essay on using library resources, their bibliography, and a sample of their research project on cultural attitudes toward ethnic cuisine in Italy.

Rachel is a fourth-year student at Chapman University, majoring in Health Sciences. Their faculty mentors are Dr. Anuradha Prakash and Dr. Sara Mattavelli.

Dna Barcoding Methodologies For The Identification Of Fish Species In Cooked Products, Rosalee S. Hellberg

Food Science Faculty Books and Book Chapters

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) barcoding is a sequencing-based method that utilizes a standardized genetic region to identify species in combination with a reference database. DNA barcoding methodologies have been extensively applied to the identification of species in cooked seafood. While the typical genetic target associated with DNA barcoding is a ~650-bp region of the gene coding for cytochrome (cyt) c oxidase subunit I (COI), additional genetic targets include partial regions of the cyt b and 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) genes. Most categories of cooked seafood can be identified using ~400- to 700-bp regions of these genes; however, canned seafood and …

Mexican Consumers' Attitudes Toward Irradiated And Imported Apples, André D. Murray, Rosa K. Gallardo, Anuradha Prakash

Food Science Faculty Articles and Research

This study centers on analyzing Mexican consumers' willingness to pay (WTP) for imported US fresh apples subjected to irradiation, contrasting it with the more prevalent postharvest chemical treatments. We collect data using a survey tool in Qualtrics designed to explore the impact of information dissemination through two distinct narrative styles: scientific and layman. The study uses a between-subjects approach and apply the propensity score matching to address potential confounding factors across respondents' samples. We apply the generalized multinomial logit models in WTP space, taking into consideration respondent's certainty when answering to the choice experiment questions. Our findings reveal that respondents …

Development Of Yoghurt Incorporated With Beetroot Puree And Its Effect On The Physicochemical Properties And Consumer Acceptance, Mercia Lionel Adjei, Abena Boakye, Godwin Deku, Nana Baah Pepra-Ameyaw, Antoinette Simpah Anim Jnr, Ibok Nsa Oduro, William Otoo Ellis

Food Science Faculty Articles and Research

Background

Yoghurt is one of the most popularly consumed fermented products which provides several nutritional benefits. Yoghurt products often include flavour and colour additives however, growing awareness of the risks associated with synthetic food additives has necessitated the need to explore more natural colour and flavour as food additives.

Methods

This study evaluated the effect of beetroot puree as flavouring and colourant in yoghurt production and quality. To develop the yoghurt product, incubation time and proportion of beetroot puree were optimized based on the resulting pH, titratable acidity, colour, and viscosity using response surface methods.

Results

Optimum yoghurt formulations were …

Dna Barcoding Of Herbal Supplements On The U.S. Commercial Market Associated With The Purported Treatment Of Covid-19, Calin M. Harris, Diane Y. Kim, Chevon R. Jordan, Miranda I. Miranda, Rosalee S. Hellberg

Food Science Faculty Articles and Research

Introduction

The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with an increased global use of traditional medicines, including Ayurvedic herbal preparations. Due to their growing demand, their processed nature, and the complexity of the global supply chain, there is an increased risk of adulteration in these products.

Objectives

The objective of this study was to assess the use of DNA barcoding for species identification in herbal supplements on the US market associated with the Ayurvedic treatment of respiratory symptoms.

Methods

A total of 54 commercial products containing Ayurvedic herbs were tested with four DNA barcoding regions (i.e., rbcL, matK, ITS2, and …

Exploring Pathways To Food Science Careers In Southern California: A Case Study In Food Science Career Development, Jeremy L. Hsu, Sarah Ahles, Lilian W. Senger, Anuradha Prakash

Food Science Faculty Articles and Research

Southern California is a diverse region that is home to a high concentration of food science companies, with an increasing demand for additional food scientists and technologists to join this workforce. Despite this abundance of food science companies and the high demand for jobs, there is currently a shortage in the number of qualified food scientists and technologists in the region. This shortage is also observed within higher education, with declining enrollments in the food science graduate and undergraduate programs across Southern California. Here, we conduct a case study to explore the factors that influence students from Southern California to …

A Novel Machine-Learning Framework Based On A Hierarchy Of Dispute Models For The Identification Of Fish Species Using Multi-Mode Spectroscopy, Mitchell Sueker, Amirreza Daghighi, Alireza Akhbardeh, Nicholas Mackinnon, Gregory Bearman, Insuck Baek, Chansong Hwang, Jianwei Qin, Amanda M. Tabb, Jiahleen Roungchun, Rosalee S. Hellberg, Fartash Vasefi, Moon Kim, Kouhyar Tavakolian, Hossein Kashini Zadeh

Food Science Faculty Articles and Research

Seafood mislabeling rates of approximately 20% have been reported globally. Traditional methods for fish species identification, such as DNA analysis and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), are expensive and time-consuming, and require skilled technicians and specialized equipment. The combination of spectroscopy and machine learning presents a promising approach to overcome these challenges. In our study, we took a comprehensive approach by considering a total of 43 different fish species and employing three modes of spectroscopy: fluorescence (Fluor), and reflectance in the visible near-infrared (VNIR) and short-wave near-infrared (SWIR). To achieve higher accuracies, we developed a novel machine-learning framework, where groups of …

Comparison Of Dna Extraction Methods For The Detection Of Canned Tuna Species With Dna Mini-Barcoding, Aubrey J. Emmi, Biola Fatusin, Rosalee S. Hellberg

Food Science Faculty Articles and Research

Tuna is susceptible to species mislabeling due to its high demand, quick rate of production, and wide range of price points. DNA barcoding, a sequencing-based technique, allows for the detection of species mislabeling by targeting a standardized region of DNA. A mitochondrial control region (CR) DNA barcode has been found to be capable of species discrimination for tuna, but it is challenging to recover the entire DNA fragment from canned tuna. While a short fragment of CR, referred to as a “mini-barcode,” has shown some success with canned tuna species identification, more research is needed to improve identification rates. The …

Homogenization And Thermal Processing Reduce The Concentration Of Extracellular Vesicles In Bovine Milk, Anna P. Colella, Anuradha Prakash, John Miklavcic

Food Science Faculty Articles and Research

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) in bovine milk confer beneficial physiologic effects to consumers. Industrial processing treatments may affect the amount or bioactivity of EVs intrinsic to bovine milk. We investigated how the content and concentration of EVs were affected by homogenization and thermal processing of raw bovine milk. Raw milk was processed by homogenization, low-temperature (LT) heat, or pasteurization [high-temperature short-time (HTST) and ultra-high-temperature (UHT)] in a pilot processing facility. EVs were isolated from the raw and processed bovine milk using differential ultracentrifugation and quantified using a nanoparticle tracking analyzer. Bovine milk EVs were assessed for total miRNA and protein concentrations …

Short-Weighting, Species Authentication, And Labeling Compliance Of Prepackaged Frozen Shrimp Sold In Grocery Stores In Southern California, Mckenna C. Rivers, Alexia B. Campbell, Chris Haneul Lee, Pragati Kapoor, Rosalee S. Hellberg

Food Science Faculty Articles and Research

Shrimp is the most-consumed seafood product in the United States; however, there is a lack of research into the extent of short-weighting and mislabeling of shrimp in the commercial marketplace. The objective of this study was to investigate frozen shrimp for Country of Origin Labeling (COOL) compliance, species authentication, acceptable market names, net weights, and percent glaze. A total of 106 frozen shrimp packages were purchased from grocery stores in Southern California. Samples were considered COOL compliant if both the procurement method and country of origin were reported at the point of sale. Species authentication and acceptable market names were …