Food Processing Commons^™

Development Of Novel Pectinase And Xylanase Juice Clarification Enzymes Via A Combined Biorefinery And Immobilization Approach, Shady Hassan

Doctoral

Hydrolytic enzymes, such as pectinase and xylanase, maybe harnessed for numerous industrial applications in food industry. Therefore, economic factors such as achievement of optimum yieldsandoverall production costs, in addition to biocatalyst instability,are the main obstacles tothe industrial production and exploitation of a enzymes. For example, microbially-derived enzymes are typically produced in fermenters using expensive growth media, which may account for 30 to 40% of the production cost, and such expense may be compounded further by downstream processing operations.To counter such disadvantages, the major trend in industrial utilization of enzymes in cost-sensitive processes has been to immobilize such biocatalysts on a …

Bovine Liver Supplement Labeling Practices And Compliance With U.S. Regulations, Anthony J. Silva, Olive J. Dahm, Rosalee S. Hellberg

Food Science Faculty Articles and Research

Bovine liver supplements are sought after by consumers due to their nutrient-dense profile and high protein content. However, there is a lack of information regarding bovine liver supplement labeling practices. The objective of this study was to assess labeling practices and compliance with U.S. regulatory standards among commercially sold bovine liver supplements. The product labels for 49 bovine liver supplements were examined for required information, including a statement of identity; net quantity of contents; “Supplement Facts” label; ingredient statement; and name and place of business of manufacturer, packer, or distributor with domestic address or telephone number. Any claims made on …

Economic Contribution Of Agriculture And Food To Arkansas' Gross Domestic Product 1997-2019, Leah English, Jennie Popp, Wayne Miller

Research Reports and Research Bulletins

Agricultural production, processing, and retail industries are major contributors to Arkansas’ GDP. Agriculture contributes to the state economy through direct agricultural production, value-added processing, and agricultural retail activities. The Agriculture and Food Sector, which is comprised of agricultural production, processing, and retail industries, promotes economic strength through various interactions with other industries. The use of non-agricultural goods and services as inputs into the agricultural sector promotes diversified growth in Arkansas’ economy and thus plays a vital role in maintaining economic stability throughout the state. This report 1) compares the relative size of the Agriculture and Food Sector in Arkansas with …

Chemical Effects Of Cold Atmospheric Plasma On Food Nutrients, Juan Manuel Pérez Andrés

Doctoral

A range of nonthermal techniques have demonstrated process efficacy in ensuring food product safety, extension of shelf-life and in general a retention of key quality attributes. However, various physical, chemical and biochemical effects of nonthermal techniques on both macro and micronutrients are evident, leading to both desirable and undesirable changes in food products. It is important to outline the effects of non-thermal techniques on food chemistry and the associated degradation mechanisms with the treatment of foods. Oxidation is one of the key mechanisms responsible for undesirable effects induced by non-thermal techniques. Degradation of key macromolecules largely depends on the processing …

Development Of Essential Oil Incorporated Active Film Based On Biodegradable Blends Of Poly (Lactide)/Poly (Butylene Adipate‑Co‑Terephthalate) For Food Packaging Application, Shubham Sharma, Sandra Barkauskaite, Swarna Jaiswal, Brendan Duffy, Amit Jaiswal

Articles

Active packaging improves food safety and quality with the incorporation of certain additives such as antimicrobial agents. The PLA/PBAT films were prepared with two essential oils—eucalyptus oil and cinnamon oil of various concentrations (1%, 5%, and 10% w/w) and characterized their optical and mechanical properties, surface hydrophobicity, chemical composition, and antimicrobial activity. Cinnamon oil composite films were observed as thicker films (88.88 µm) than the eucalyptus oil films (54.46 µm). The highest UV-blocking properties were observed in cinnamon oil films. However, transparency and tensile properties of the cinnamon oil films decreases as the concentration increases. The tensile strength of the …

Characterization And Antimicrobial Activity Of Biodegradable Active Packaging Enriched With Clove And Thyme Essential Oil For Food Packaging Application, Shubham Sharma, Sandra Barkauskaite, Brendan Duffy, Amit Jaiswal, Swarna Jaiswal

Articles

Bioactive packaging contains natural antimicrobial agents, which inhibit the growth of microorganisms and increase the food shelf life. Solvent casting method was used to prepare the Poly (lactide)-Poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PLA-PBAT) film incorporated with the thyme oil and clove oil in various concentrations (1 wt%, 5 wt% and 10 wt%). The clove oil composite films depicted less green and more yellow as compared to thyme oil composite films. Clove oil composite film has shown an 80% increase in the UV blocking efficiency. The tensile strength (TS) of thyme oil and clove oil composite film decreases from 1.35 MPs (control film) …

Life Cycle Assessment Of The Us Beef Processing Through Integrated Hybrid Approach, Shaobin Li, Yuwei Qin, Jeyamkondan Subbiah, Bruce Dvorak

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering: Faculty Publications

Hybrid life cycle assessment (LCA) incorporating process-based and economic input-output (EIO)–based inventory data has been applied in various industries (e.g., wind energy, biofuel). Few hybrid LCA studies have been found in the food industry. This work analyzes the life cycle environmental impacts of the US beef processing industry using process-based and integrated hybrid LCA. The process-based inventory includes all resource inputs and waste outputs associated with a beef processing plant. The EIO-based inventory includes key activities missing in the process-based inventory, such as technical and management service, wood and paper, and industrial equipment. Ten environmental impact categories from TRACI v2.1 …

Improving Microbiological Safety Of Low Moisture Food Products Using Radio Frequency And Ethylene Oxide, Long Chen

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Recent foodborne illness outbreaks in US associated with consumption of low-moisture foods (LMF) have heightened concerns of their microbial safety. Salmonella is a pathogen of major concern in LMF due to its ability to persist in low water activity (a_w) environments. The disadvantages of existing decontamination technologies for LMF call for novel and efficient intervention technologies. Radio frequency (RF) and ethylene oxide (EtO) were evaluated in this dissertation for improving microbial food safety and quality of LMF. Cumin seeds and inshell hazelnuts were selected as model foods.

It took < 2 min of stationary RF heating to achieve > 5 log reductions of Salmonella in cumin seeds without …

Authentication Of Red Snapper (Lutjanus Campechanus) Fillets Using A Combination Of Real-Time Pcr And Dna Barcoding, Rachel B. Isaacs, Rosalee S. Hellberg

Food Science Faculty Articles and Research

Red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) is a historically overfished and highly valued species that is commonly substituted with other fish, such as tilapia, rockfish, and other snapper species. The objective of this study was to assess the ability of real-time PCR to be used as a screening tool to rapidly test commercial fillets for the presence of red snapper, followed by species identification of negative samples with DNA barcoding. A total of 24 frozen, fresh, or thawed (previously frozen) fillets labeled as “red snapper” were tested with real-time PCR, along with 54 fillets from fish that are common substitutes …

Preserving Pomegranates, Charlotte P. Brennand, Suzanne Jorgenson

All Current Publications

This publication describes pomegranates and how to store and can them. It also provides nutritional information.

Research Tools And Their Uses For Determining The Thermal Inactivation Kinetics Of Salmonella In Low-Moisture Foods, Soon Kiat Lau

Department of Food Science and Technology: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The reputation of low-moisture foods as safe foods has been crumbling over the past decade due to repeated involvement in foodborne illness outbreaks. Although various pasteurization technologies exist, a majority are thermal processes and have not been well-characterized for pasteurizing low-moisture foods. In addition, the nature of a low-moisture food matrix introduces various experimental complications that are not encountered in high-moisture foods. In this dissertation, the development, building instructions, and characterization of various open source tools for studying the inactivation kinetics of microorganisms in low-moisture foods are described. The first tool is the TDT Sandwich, a dry heating device for …

Inspecting Species And Freshness Of Fish Fillets Using Multimode Hyperspectral Imaging Techniques, Jianwei Qin, Fartash Vasefi, Rosalee S. Hellberg, Alireza Akhbardeh, Rachel B. Isaacs, Ayse Gamze Yilmaz, Chansong Hwang, Insuck Baek, Walter F. Schmidt, Moon S. Kim

Food Science Faculty Articles and Research

This study developed multimode hyperspectral imaging techniques to detect substitution and mislabeling of fish fillets. Line-scan hyperspectral images were collected from fish fillets in four modes, including reflectance in visible and nearinfrared (VNIR) region, fluorescence by 365 nm UV excitation, reflectance in short-wave infrared (SWIR) region, and Raman by 785 nm laser excitation. Fish fillets of six species (i.e., red snapper, vermilion snapper, Malabar snapper, summer flounder, white bass, and tilapia) were used for species differentiation and frozen-thawed red snapper fillets were used for freshness evaluation. A total of 24 machine learning classifiers were used for fish species and freshness …

The Role Of Diet In The Onset Of Depression: A Biochemical Connection Between Nutrition And Mental Health, Katlin Wildeman

Senior Honors Theses

Depression is a major clinical concern, having a complex onset and the presence of multiple, often unidentifiable causes. Depression affects millions of individuals worldwide, with a high prevalence in regions of the world with a Western-style diet as compared to regions with a Mediterranean diet. A Western-style diet consists of foods high in sugar, fat, and processed meats and grains, whereas the Mediterranean diet contains significantly more vegetables, fruits, lean meats, and whole grains. The link between diet and mental health disorders has implications for individuals of all ages who are hesitant to turn to medication. In addition to presenting …

Detection Of Fish Fillet Substitution And Mislabeling Using Multimode Hyperspectral Imaging Techniques, Jianwei Qin, Fartash Vasefi, Rosalee S. Hellberg, Alireza Akhbardeh, Rachel B. Isaacs, Ayse Gamze Yilmaz, Chansong Hwang, Insuck Baek, Walter F. Schmidt, Moon S. Kim

Food Science Faculty Articles and Research

Substitution of high-priced fish species with inexpensive alternatives and mislabeling frozen-thawed fish fillets as fresh are two important fraudulent practices of concern in the seafood industry. This study aimed to develop multimode hyperspectral imaging techniques to detect substitution and mislabeling of fish fillets. Line-scan hyperspectral images were acquired from fish fillets in four modes, including reflectance in visible and near-infrared (VNIR) region, fluorescence by 365 nm UV excitation, reflectance in short-wave infrared (SWIR) region, and Raman by 785 nm laser excitation. Fish fillets of six species (i.e., red snapper, vermilion snapper, Malabar snapper, summer flounder, white bass, and tilapia) were …

Microplate Immunocapture Coupled With The 3m Molecular Detection System And Selective Plating For The Rapid Detection Of Salmonella Infantis In Dry Dog Food And Treats, Danielle K. Rosen, Miguel Gallardo, Mcclain Vail, Rosalee S. Hellberg

Food Science Faculty Articles and Research

The objective of this study was to use microplate immunocapture (IC) to reduce the enrichment time required for detection of Salmonella in pet food with the 3 M Molecular Detection System (MDS) or selective plating on XLD. Dog food and pig ear treats were inoculated with Salmonella Infantis at concentrations of 10⁰–10⁴ CFU/25 g, followed by a 3-h enrichment, then microplate IC and 3 M MDS or microplate IC and selective plating on XLD. Another set of samples underwent a traditional 24-h enrichment followed by 3 M MDS or selective plating. Based on the results of three …

Ferulic Acid Incorporated Active Films Based On Poly(Lactide) /Poly(Butylene Adipate-Co-Terephthalate) Blend For Food Packaging, Shubham Sharma, Amit Jaiswal, Brendan Duffy, Swarna Jaiswal

Articles

Active natural antibacterial blend of poly(lactide) - poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PLA-PBAT) incorporated with ferulic acid was formed by solvent casting method. The influences of FA on the structural, colour, optical, thermostability and antibacterial efficiency of PLA-PBAT blend films were studied. On the incorporation of the FA, the thickness of the film was increased by 1.5–10 %. The tensile strength (TS) of the FA incorporated blend film increased to a value of 10.78 MPa at 10 wt% as compared to the control film which has 5.42 MPa. The temperature of degradation of the film increases as the FA content increases in the …

Growing Torula Yeast (Candida Utilis) For Food Grade Fatty Acids, Zachary Christman

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The focus of this article is the cultivation of a food grade yeast for the production of fatty acids without the restrictions of climate or growing season. Torula yeast (Candida utilis) was selected since it can grow on a wide variety of culture media and has over 60 years of use in the food industry. The fatty acid composition of Candida utilis grown on two different media are presented in this article; the first example using completely synthetic media and another using distiller’s vinasse. Also, the effect of different culturing conditions on the percentage of various fatty acids will be …

Labeling Compliance And Species Authentication Of Fish Fillets Sold At Grocery Stores In Southern California, Priscila Liou, Angela Banda, Rachel B. Isaacs, Rosalee S. Hellberg

Food Science Faculty Articles and Research

Seafood mislabeling has numerous consequences, including economic deception and food safety risks. The focus of this study was to investigate fish species labeling, use of acceptable market names, and Country of Origin Labeling (COOL) compliance for fresh fish fillets sold at grocery store seafood counters in Southern California. A total of 120 fillets representing 16 different categories of fish were collected from 30 Perishable Agricultural Commodities Act (PACA)-listed grocery stores. Each sample underwent DNA barcoding to identify the species. Acceptable market names were confirmed using the FDA Seafood List. Samples were determined to be compliant with COOL if both …

An Evaluation Of Sonication Pretreatment For Enhancing Saccharification Of Brewers’ Spent Grain, Shady Hassan, Rajeev Ravindran, Swarna Jaiswal, Brijesh K. Tiwari, Gwilym A. Williams

Articles

This paper deals with the investigation of ultrasound (US) pretreatment of brewer’s spent grain (BSG) as ameans of releasing fermentable sugars, and the subsequent production of ethanol from this lignocellu-losic biomass. Using response surface methodology (RSM), the influence of US power, time, temperatureand biomass loading on fermentable sugar yield from BSG was studied. The optimal conditions werefound to be 20% US power, 60 min, 26.3°C, and 17.3% w/v of biomass in water. Under these conditions,an approximate 2.1-fold increase in reducing sugar yield (325 ± 6 mg/g of biomass) was achieved, relativeto untreated BSG (151.1 ± 10 mg/g of biomass). In …

Effects Of Cold Atmospheric Plasma On Mackerel Lipid And Protein Oxidation During Storage, Juan M. Pérez-Andrés, María De Alba, Sabine M Harrison, Nigel P. Brunton, Patrick Cullen, Brijesh K. Tiwari

Articles

The present study investigated the effects of cold atmospheric plasma on the shelf-life stability of lipids andproteins of commercially packaged mackerelfillets. The results showed no significant effects on lipid oxidationbetween the control samples and those treated at 80 kV for extended treatment times of 5 min using an in-package plasma system. In addition, no significant changes (p > 0.05) were found in the fatty acid compositionor nutritional quality indices after treatment. Finally, the formation of carbonyls was accelerated by plasmatreatment at the end of the storage period for 4 °C and 8 °C. These results suggest that cold atmospheric plasmatechnologies are …

Salcaprozate Sodium (Snac) Enhances Permeability Of Octreotide Across Isolated Rat And Human Intestinal Epithelial Mucosae In Ussing Chambers, Sarinj Fattah, Mohamed Ismaiel, Brenda Murphy, Aleksandra Rulikowska, Jesus Maria Frias, Desmond C. Winter, David J. Brayden

Articles

Octreotide is approved as a one-month injectable for treatment of acromegaly and neuroendocrine tumours. Oral delivery of the octapeptide is a challenge due mainly to low intestinal epithelial permeability. The intestinal permeation enhancer (PE) salcaprozate sodium (SNAC) has Generally Regarded As Safe (GRAS) status and is a component of an approved oral peptide formulation. The purpose of the study was to examine the capacity of salcaprozate sodium (SNAC), to increase its permeability across isolated rat intestinal mucosae from five regions and across human colonic mucosae mounted in Ussing chambers. Apical-side buffers were Kreb's-Henseleit (KH), fasted simulated intestinal fluid (FaSSIF-V2), rat …

Characterization Of Antimicrobial Effects Of Plasma-Treated Water (Ptw) Produced By Microwave-Induced Plasma (Midiplexc) On Pseudomonas Fluorescens Biofilms, Oliver Handorf, Viktoria Isabella Pauker, Thomas Weihe, Eric Freund, Sander Bekeschus, Katharina Riedel, Uta Schnabel, Jörg Ehlbeck

Articles

stract: For the decontamination of surfaces in the food production industry, plasma generated compounds (PGCs) such as plasma-treated water (PTW) or plasma processed air (PPA) offer many promising possibilities for future applications. Therefore, the antimicrobial effect of water treated with microwave-induced plasma (MidiPLexc) on Pseudomonas fluorescensbiofilms was investigated. 10 ml deionized water was treated with the MidiPLexc plasma source for 100 s, 300 s and 900 s (pre-treatment time) and the bacterial biofilms were exposed to the PTW for 1 min, 3 min and 5 min (post treatment time). To investigate the influence of PTW on P. fluorescensbiofilms, microbiological assays …

Associations Between The Home Environment, Feeding Practices And Children’S Intakes Of Fruit, Vegetables And Confectionary/Sugar-Sweetened Beverages, Carolina Bassu, Clare Corish, John Kearney

Articles

Within the home environment, parents influence their children’s dietary intakes through their parenting and dietary practices, and the foods they make available/accessible. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine the associations between home environmental characteristics and children’s dietary intakes. Three hundred and thirty-two children aged three–five years and their parents participated in the study. Home environmental characteristics, including parental control feeding practices, were explored using validated and standardized questionnaires such as the Child Feeding Questionnaire (CFQ), the Physical and Nutritional Home Environment Inventory (PNHEI) and the Healthy Home Survey (HHS). Parent and child food consumption was also measured. …

Effect Of Atmospheric Cold Plasma On The Functional Properties Of Whole Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) Grain And Wheat Flour, Sonal Chaple, Chaitanya Sarangapani, John B. Jones, Ed Carey, Lucie Causeret, Annaik Genson, Brendan Duffy, Paula Bourke

Articles

Atmospheric cold plasma (ACP) has emerged as a novel processing technology, with demonstrated efficiencies in microbial inactivation. However, studies on the effects of ACP and potential to modify the functional properties of foods are sparse. The objective of this study is to determine the effect of ACP on physico-chemical and functional properties of wheat flour. In this study, both whole wheat grains and wheat flour were subjected to a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) contained plasma reactor for a range of treatment times (5–30 min) at 80 kV. Plasma treatment increased the flour hydration properties of wheat flour. Rapid visco-analyser results …

Temperature Stability And Effectiveness Of Plasma-Activated Liquids Over An 18 Months Period, Evanthia Tsoukou, Paula Bourke, Daniela Boehm

Articles

Non-buffered plasma-activated liquids such as water and saline have shown bactericidal effects. In the present study, we investigated the anti-bacterial efficacy and stability of plasma-activated water (PAW) and plasma-activated saline (PAS), generated using a high voltage dielectric barrier discharge system. This study compares the potential of non-buffered plasma-activated liquids (PAL) for the inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) after storage of the solutions at five different temperatures for a storage time up to 18 months after their generation. The temperatures used were room temperature, 4 °C, −16 °C, −80 °C, −150 °C. Both PAW and …

A Review Of Technologies For Malt Flour And Sourdough From Brewery Spent Grain, Zachary Christman

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The utilization of brewer's spent grain for the production of malt flour is the focus of this article. The reader is presented with superheated steam and extrusion as technologies to reduce mycotoxin contamination and improve shelf life. Another option is the fermentation of brewer's spent grain with a cereal grade lactic acid bacteria for the production of sourdough bread. Milling of the brewer's spent grain for the production of bread is also covered.

Creating Bespoke Note By Note Dishes And Drinks Inspired By Traditional Foods, Roisin Burke, Pauline Danaher, David Hurley

Articles

No abstract provided.

Computational Modelling Approach For The Optimization Of Apple Juice Clarification Using Immobilized Pectinase And Xylanase Enzymes, Shady Hassan, Gwilym Williams, Amit Jaiswal

Articles

Apple juice is typically marketed as a clear juice, and hence enzymatic treatments are common practices in juice industry. However, enzymatic treatments have been shown to face some challenges when process efficiency, and cost effectiveness are concerned. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the enzymatic treatment process to maximize efficiency, and reuse enzymes to minimize the overall cost via immobilization. In this context, the present work features the immobilization of pectinase and xylanase from M. hiemalis on genipin-activated alginate beads, with subsequent evaluation of its efficacy in apple juice clarification. A central composite rotatable design (CCRD), coupled with artificial neural …

Assessing The Biological Safety Of Atmospheric Cold Plasmatreated Wheat Using Cell And Insect Models, Agata Los, Dana Ziuzina, Daniela Boehn, Paula Bourke

Articles

Atmospheric cold plasma (ACP) is under investigation for an extensive range of biocontrol applications in food biosystems. However, the development of a novel intervention technology requires a thorough evaluation of the potential for negative effects and the implications for the human and animal food chains’ safety. The evaluations were performed using a contained, high-voltage, dielectric barrier discharge plasma system. The cytotoxicity of two types of food models—a liquid model (wheat model medium (WMM)) vs. a solid model (wheat grain extract (WGE)) was compared in vitro using the mammalian cell line CHO-K1. The residual toxicity of ACP treatment of grains for …

Effects Of Cold Plasma On Wheat Grain Microbiome And Antimicrobial Efficacy Against Challenge Pathogens And Their Resistance, Agata Los, Dana Ziuzina, Daniela Boehm, Paula Bourke

Articles

The safety and quality of cereal grain supplies are adversely impacted by microbiological contamination, with novel interventions required to maximise whole grains safety and stability. The microbiological contaminants of wheat grains and the efficacy of Atmospheric Cold Plasma (ACP) for potential to control these risks were investigated. The evaluations were performed using a contained reactor dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) system; samples were treated for 0–20 min using direct and indirect plasma exposure. Amplicon-based metagenomic analysis using bacterial 16S rRNA gene and fungal 18S rRNA gene with internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region was performed to characterize the change in microbial community …