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Full-Text Articles in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
Modeling Simultaneous Selection For Resistance And Tolerance In Goldenrod (Solidago Altissima) Across A Range Of Spittlebug Population Densities, Michael J. Wise, Warren G. Abrahamson Ii
Modeling Simultaneous Selection For Resistance And Tolerance In Goldenrod (Solidago Altissima) Across A Range Of Spittlebug Population Densities, Michael J. Wise, Warren G. Abrahamson Ii
Warren G. Abrahamson, II
Plant defenses against herbivory include two main strategies: resistance (to minimize the amount of damage) and tolerance (to minimize the fitness impact of that damage). Recent studies have emphasized the need to consider both strategies simultaneously for a fuller understanding of the evolutionary and ecological dynamics of plant defense against herbivores. We used a combination of a garden study, a greenhouse experiment, and mathematical modeling to investigate resistance to and tolerance of spittlebug damage in the goldenrod Solidago altissima. In contrast to traditional expectations, the genetic correlation between resistance and tolerance was highly positive. Selection gradients indicated that directional selection …
Strong Feeding Preference Of An Exotic Generalist Herbivore For An Exotic Forb: A Case Of Invasional Antagonism, Kimberly J. La Pierre, W. Stanley Harpole, Katharine N. Suding
Strong Feeding Preference Of An Exotic Generalist Herbivore For An Exotic Forb: A Case Of Invasional Antagonism, Kimberly J. La Pierre, W. Stanley Harpole, Katharine N. Suding
W. Stanley Harpole
Many hypotheses dealing with the success of invasive plant species concern plant–herbivore interactions. The invasional meltdown and enemy inversion hypotheses suggest that non-native herbivores may indirectly facilitate the invasion of a non-native plant species by either favorably changing environmental conditions or reducing competition from native plant species. Our objective was to determine the role of herbivory by the non-native snail Otala lactea in structuring California grassland communities. We conducted two experiments to examine the feeding preferences of O. lactea for eight representative grassland species. Overall, O. lactea preferred Brassica nigra, a non-native forb, over all other species tested. Field monocultures …
Effects Of Elevated Co2 On The Response Of Phleum Pratense And Poa Pratensis To Aboveground Defoliation And Root-Feeding Nematodes, Brian J. Wilsey
Effects Of Elevated Co2 On The Response Of Phleum Pratense And Poa Pratensis To Aboveground Defoliation And Root-Feeding Nematodes, Brian J. Wilsey
Brian J. Wilsey
Because of the importance of herbivory in many herbaceous plant–dominated ecosystems, it will be important to determine whether interactions exist between herbivory and CO2 enrichment if we are to understand better how ecosystems will respond to global change. In an experiment with the C3 grasses Poa pratensis and Phleum pratense, plants were grown together under ambient (360 ppm) and elevated (650 ppm) CO2, with and without aboveground defoliation, and with or without additions of the root-feeding nematode Pratylenchus penetrans. The objective was to determine whether herbivory would interact with CO2 enrichment in determining biomass responses or whether these factors were …
Effects Of Elevated Co2 And Defoliation On Grasses: A Comparative Ecosystem Approach, Brian J. Wilsey, James S. Coleman, Samuel J. Mcnaughton
Effects Of Elevated Co2 And Defoliation On Grasses: A Comparative Ecosystem Approach, Brian J. Wilsey, James S. Coleman, Samuel J. Mcnaughton
Brian J. Wilsey
Three plant species from each of three grassland ecosystems were grown under elevated (700 mL/m3) and ambient (350 mL/m3) CO2 and were defoliated or left undefoliated to test whether species response to elevated CO2 and grazing is related to evolutionary grazing history or to mode of photosynthesis. The three ecosystems represented a tropical grassland dominated by C4 species (the Serengeti of Africa), a temperate grassland dominated by a mixture of C3 and C4 species (Flooding Pampa of South America), and a northern temperate grassland dominated by C3 species (Yellowstone National Park of North America). Plants were grown in growth chambers …