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- Keyword
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- 1 - Plant Development & Biomechanics (20)
- 2 - Phloem Transport & Forisomes (14)
- Auxin (8)
- Ca2+-dependent contractility (8)
- Phloem transport (7)
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- Forisome (6)
- Cell wall pH (5)
- Tissue tension (5)
- Contractile protein (4)
- Fabaceae (4)
- Kinematic growth analysis (4)
- Relative elemental growth rate (4)
- 4 - Evolutionary Biology & Paleontology (3)
- Coleoptile (3)
- Microfluidics (3)
- Phloem (3)
- Sieve element (3)
- Zea mays (3)
- Zea mays L. (3)
- Acid growth theory (2)
- Cell theory (2)
- Coleoptiles (2)
- Contraction kinetics (2)
- Displacement velocity (2)
- Elongation growth (2)
- Growth zone (2)
- Membrane potential (2)
- SEO protein (2)
- Smart materials (2)
- Vicia faba (2)
Articles 1 - 30 of 37
Full-Text Articles in Cell and Developmental Biology
Seorious Business: Structural Proteins In Sieve Tubes And Their Involvement In Sieve Element Occlusion [Review Article], Michael Knoblauch, Daniel R. Froelich, William F. Pickard, Winfried S. Peters
Seorious Business: Structural Proteins In Sieve Tubes And Their Involvement In Sieve Element Occlusion [Review Article], Michael Knoblauch, Daniel R. Froelich, William F. Pickard, Winfried S. Peters
Winfried S. Peters
The phloem provides a network of sieve tubes for long-distance translocation of photosynthates. For over a century, structural proteins in sieve tubes have presented a conundrum since they presumably increase the hydraulic resistance of the tubes while no potential function other than sieve tube or wound sealing in the case of injury has been suggested. Here we summarize and critically evaluate current speculations regarding the roles of these proteins. Our understanding suffers from the suggestive power of images; what looks like a sieve tube plug on micrographs may not actually impede translocation very much. Recent reports of an involvement of …
Long-Distance Translocation Of Photosynthates: A Primer [Review Article], Michael Knoblauch, Winfried S. Peters
Long-Distance Translocation Of Photosynthates: A Primer [Review Article], Michael Knoblauch, Winfried S. Peters
Winfried S. Peters
The storage of light energy in chemical form through photosynthesis is the key process underlying life as we know it. To utilize photosynthates efficiently as structural materials or as fuel to drive endergonic processes, they have to be transported from where they are produced to where they are needed. In this primer, we provide an overview of basic biophysical concepts underlying our current understanding of the mechanisms of photosynthate long-distance transport, and briefly discuss current developments in the field.
Forisome Performance In Artificial Sieve Tubes, Michael Knoblauch, Mike Stubenrauch, Aart J.E. Van Bel, Winfried S. Peters
Forisome Performance In Artificial Sieve Tubes, Michael Knoblauch, Mike Stubenrauch, Aart J.E. Van Bel, Winfried S. Peters
Winfried S. Peters
In the legume phloem, sieve element occlusion (SEO) proteins assemble into Ca2+-dependent contractile bodies. These forisomes presumably control phloem transport by forming reversible sieve tube plugs. This function, however, has never been directly demonstrated, and appears questionable as forisomes were reported to be too small to plug sieve tubes, and failed to block flow efficiently in artificial microchannels. Moreover, plugs of SEO-related proteins in Arabidopsis sieve tubes do not affect phloem translocation. We improved existing procedures for forisome isolation and storage, and found that the degree of Ca2+-driven deformation that is possible in forisomes of Vicia faba, the standard …
Geometric Constraints And The Anatomical Interpretation Of Twisted Plant Organ Phenotypes, Renate Weizbauer, Winfried S. Peters, Burkhard Schulz
Geometric Constraints And The Anatomical Interpretation Of Twisted Plant Organ Phenotypes, Renate Weizbauer, Winfried S. Peters, Burkhard Schulz
Winfried S. Peters
The study of plant mutants with twisting growth in axial organs, which normally grow straight in the wild-type, is expected to improve our understanding of the interplay among microtubules, cellulose biosynthesis, cell wall structure, and organ biomechanics that control organ growth and morphogenesis. However, geometric constraints based on symplastic growth and the consequences of these geometric constraints concerning interpretations of twisted-organ phenotypes are currently underestimated. Symplastic growth, a fundamental concept in plant developmental biology, is characterized by coordinated growth of adjacent cells based on their connectivity through cell walls. This growth behavior implies that in twisting axial organs, all cell …
Münch, Morphology, Microfluidics – Our Structural Problem With The Phloem [Review Article], Michael Knoblauch, Winfried S. Peters
Münch, Morphology, Microfluidics – Our Structural Problem With The Phloem [Review Article], Michael Knoblauch, Winfried S. Peters
Winfried S. Peters
The sieve tubes of the phloem are enigmatic structures. Their role as channels for the distribution of assimilates was established in the 19th century, but their sensitivity to disturbations has hampered the elucidation of their transport mechanisms and its regulation ever since. Ernst Münch's classical monograph of 1930 is generally regarded as the first coherent theory of phloem transport, but the ‘Münchian’ pressure flow mechanism had been discussed already before the turn of the century. Münch's impact rather rested on his simple physical models of the phloem that visualized pressure flow in an intuitive way, and we argue that the …
Legume Phylogeny And The Evolution Of A Unique Contractile Apparatus That Regulates Phloem Transport, Winfried Peters, Claudia Hanakam, Dietmar Haffer, Aart Van Bel, Michael Knoblauch
Legume Phylogeny And The Evolution Of A Unique Contractile Apparatus That Regulates Phloem Transport, Winfried Peters, Claudia Hanakam, Dietmar Haffer, Aart Van Bel, Michael Knoblauch
Winfried S. Peters
Protein bodies called forisomes undergo Ca2+-dependent deformations to occlude sieve tubes reversibly, providing a unique regulatory mechanism of phloem transport. Because forisomes are known exclusively from the Papilionoideae (Leguminosae), the evolution of forisome function may have played a role in the rapid radiation of this huge taxon. The unexpected discovery of a papilionoid species lacking forisomes led us to evaluate a representative set of species covering 33 of the 36 legume tribes traditionally recognized. We found forisomes in Papilionoideae but not in Caesalpinioideae and Mimosoideae. Forisomes were absent from several species of the papilionoid tribe Galegeae. Forisomes with tail-like protrusions …
My Embarrassment At Not Knowing Heinich, Winfried S. Peters
My Embarrassment At Not Knowing Heinich, Winfried S. Peters
Winfried S. Peters
This paper has no abstract; this is the first paragraph. The mechanisms of tissue tension phenomena and their physiological significance are controversial (Vincent and Jeronimidis, 1991; [Peters and Tomos, 1996a] and [Peters and Tomos, 1996b]; Kutschera and Niklas, 2007). Specifically, the apparently spontaneous expansion of inner tissues after removal of the peripheral cell layers is a perpetual bone of contention. We had reported evidence suggesting that inner tissue expansion is driven by water uptake (Peters and Tomos, 2000). Kutschera and Niklas (2007) rejected this interpretation and insisted that inner tissue expansion is an elastic response to the release from compressive …
Life History, Sexual Dimorphism And 'Ornamental' Feathers In The Mesozoic Bird Confuciusornis Sanctus., Winfried S. Peters, Dieter Stefan Peters
Life History, Sexual Dimorphism And 'Ornamental' Feathers In The Mesozoic Bird Confuciusornis Sanctus., Winfried S. Peters, Dieter Stefan Peters
Winfried S. Peters
The life history of Confuciusornis sanctus is controversial. Recently, the species’ body size spectrum was claimed to contradict osteohistological evidence for a rapid, bird-like development. Moreover, sexual size dimorphism was rejected as an explanation for the observed bimodal size distribution since the presence of elongated rectrices, an assumed ‘male’ trait, was uncorrelated with size. However, this interpretation (i) fails to explain the size spectrum of C. sanctus which is trimodal rather than bimodal, (ii) requires implausible neonate masses and (iii) is not supported by analogy with sexual dimorphisms in modern birds, in which elongated central rectrices are mostly sex-independent. Available …
Gfp Tagging Of Sieve Element Occlusion (Seo) Proteins Results In Green Fluorescent Forisomes, Hélène Pélissier, Winfried Peters, Ray Collier, Aart Van Bel, Michael Knoblauch
Gfp Tagging Of Sieve Element Occlusion (Seo) Proteins Results In Green Fluorescent Forisomes, Hélène Pélissier, Winfried Peters, Ray Collier, Aart Van Bel, Michael Knoblauch
Winfried S. Peters
Forisomes are Ca2+-driven, ATP-independent contractile protein bodies that reversibly occlude sieve elements in faboid legumes. They apparently consist of at least three proteins; potential candidates have been described previously as ‘FOR’ proteins. We isolated three genes from Medicago truncatula that correspond to the putative forisome proteins and expressed their green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion products in Vicia faba and Glycine max using the composite plant methodology. In both species, expression of any of the constructs resulted in homogenously fluorescent forisomes that formed sieve tube plugs upon stimulation; no GFP fluorescence occurred elsewhere. Isolated fluorescent forisomes reacted to Ca2+ and chelators …
Anisotropic Contraction In Forisomes: Simple Models Won't Fit, Winfried Peters, Michael Knoblauch, Stephen Warmann, William Pickard, Amy Shen
Anisotropic Contraction In Forisomes: Simple Models Won't Fit, Winfried Peters, Michael Knoblauch, Stephen Warmann, William Pickard, Amy Shen
Winfried S. Peters
Forisomes are ATP-independent, Ca2+-driven contractile protein bodies acting as reversible valves in the phloem of plants of the legume family. Forisome contraction is anisotropic, as shrinkage in length is associated with radial expansion and vice versa. To test the hypothesis that changes in length and width are causally related, we monitored Ca2+- and pH-dependent deformations in the exceptionally large forisomes of Canavalia gladiata by high-speed photography, and computed time-courses of derived geometric parameters (including volume and surface area). Soybean forisomes, which in the resting state resemble those of Canavalia geometrically but have less than 2% of the volume, were also …
Tailed Forisomes Of Canavalia Gladiata: A New Model To Study Ca2+-Driven Protein Contractility, Winfried Peters, Michael Knoblauch, Stephen Warmann, Reinhard Schnetter, Amy Shen, William Pickard
Tailed Forisomes Of Canavalia Gladiata: A New Model To Study Ca2+-Driven Protein Contractility, Winfried Peters, Michael Knoblauch, Stephen Warmann, Reinhard Schnetter, Amy Shen, William Pickard
Winfried S. Peters
Background and Aims Forisomes are Ca2+-dependent contractile protein bodies that form reversible plugs in sieve tubes of faboid legumes. Previous work employed Vicia faba forisomes, a not entirely unproblematic experimental system. The aim of this study was to seek to establish a superior model to study these intriguing actuators.
Methods Existing isolation procedures were modified to study the exceptionally large, tailed forisomes of Canavalia gladiata by differential interference contrast microscopy in vitro. To analyse contraction/expansion kinetics quantitatively, a geometric model was devised which enabled the computation of time-courses of derived parameters such as forisome volume from simple parameters readily determined …
Reversible Birefringence Suggests A Role For Molecular Self-Assembly In Forisome Contractility, Winfried Peters, Reinhard Schnetter, Michael Knoblauch
Reversible Birefringence Suggests A Role For Molecular Self-Assembly In Forisome Contractility, Winfried Peters, Reinhard Schnetter, Michael Knoblauch
Winfried S. Peters
Forisomes are contractile protein bodies that control the effective diameter of the sieve elements of the faboid legumes by reversible, Ca2+-driven changes of shape. Forisomes consist of fibrils; we inferred from available electron-microscopical data (which necessarily provide images of fixed, non-functional forisomes) that a reversible assembly of ordered fibrillar arrays might be involved in the contractile mechanism. Here we examined functional forisomes isolated from Vicia faba L. by differential interference contrast microscopy and polarisation microscopy. We found them birefringent in the longitudinally expanded but not in the contracted state, showing ‘parallel extinction’ with the direction of vibration of the slow …
The Geometry Of The Forisome–Sieve Element–Sieve Plate Complex In The Phloem Of Vicia Faba L. Leaflets, Winfried Peters, Aart Van Bel, Michael Knoblauch
The Geometry Of The Forisome–Sieve Element–Sieve Plate Complex In The Phloem Of Vicia Faba L. Leaflets, Winfried Peters, Aart Van Bel, Michael Knoblauch
Winfried S. Peters
Forisomes are contractile protein bodies that appear to control flux rates in the phloem of faboid legumes by reversibly plugging the sieve tubes. Plugging is triggered by Ca2+ which induces an anisotropic deformation of forisomes, consisting of a longitudinal contraction and a radial expansion. By conventional light microscopy and confocal laser-scanning microscopy, the three-dimensional geometry of the forisome–sieve element–sieve plate complex in intact sieve tubes of leaflets of Vicia faba L. was reconstructed. Forisomes were mostly located close to sieve plates, and occasionally were observed drifting unrestrainedly along the sieve element, suggesting that they might be utilized as internal markers …
Forisome Based Biomimetic Smart Materials, Amy Shen, Benjamin Hamlington, Michael Knoblauch, Winfried Peters, William Pickard
Forisome Based Biomimetic Smart Materials, Amy Shen, Benjamin Hamlington, Michael Knoblauch, Winfried Peters, William Pickard
Winfried S. Peters
With the discovery in plants of the proteinaceous forisome crystalloid (Knoblauch, et al. 2003), a novel, non-living, ATP-independent biological material became available to the designer of smart materials for advanced actuating and sensing. The in vitro studies of Knoblauch, et al. show that forisomes (2-4 micron wide and 10-40 micron long) can be repeatedly stimulated to contract and expand anisotropically by shifting either the ambient pH or the ambient calcium ion concentration. Because of their unique abilities to develop and reverse strains greater than 20% in time periods less than one second, forisomes have the potential to outperform current smart …
Prospective Energy Densities In The Forisome, A New Smart Material, William Pickard, Michael Knoblauch, Winfried Peters, Amy Shen
Prospective Energy Densities In The Forisome, A New Smart Material, William Pickard, Michael Knoblauch, Winfried Peters, Amy Shen
Winfried S. Peters
The forisome is a protein structure of plants which, in low Ca2+ solutions, assumes a crystalline condensed conformation and, at high Ca2+, swells to a dispersed conformation; this transition has been attributed to electrostatic deformation of protein “modules”. Forisomes could become an important smart material if the energy density of transformation approached 1 MJ m−3. Quantitation of the forisome as a charged porous continuum permeated by electrolyte fails by orders of magnitude to achieve this energy density electrostatically. However, condensed → dispersed transitions can be visualized alternatively: (i) an ionic bond near the surface of a forisome crystal dissolves to …
Tailor-Made Composite Functions As Tools In Model Choice: The Case Of Sigmoidal Vs Bi-Linear Growth Profiles, Winfried Peters, Tobias Baskin
Tailor-Made Composite Functions As Tools In Model Choice: The Case Of Sigmoidal Vs Bi-Linear Growth Profiles, Winfried Peters, Tobias Baskin
Winfried S. Peters
Background Roots are the classical model system to study the organization and dynamics of organ growth zones. Profiles of the velocity of root elements relative to the apex have generally been considered to be sigmoidal. However, recent high-resolution measurements have yielded bi-linear profiles, suggesting that sigmoidal profiles may be artifacts caused by insufficient spatio-temporal resolution. The decision whether an empirical velocity profile follows a sigmoidal or bi-linear distribution has consequences for the interpretation of the underlying biological processes. However, distinguishing between sigmoidal and bi-linear curves is notoriously problematic. A mathematical function that can describe both types of curve equally well …
Growth Rate Gradients And Extracellular Ph In Roots: How To Control An Explosion, Winfried S. Peters
Growth Rate Gradients And Extracellular Ph In Roots: How To Control An Explosion, Winfried S. Peters
Winfried S. Peters
This paper has no abstract; this is the first paragraph. As plant growth is restricted to defined zones of growing organs, the methodologically consistent analysis of spatial growth rate patterns in organ growth zones is prerequisite for studies into the regulation of cell growth in situ (Silk, 1984). The elongation zones at the tips of growing roots are classical objects of kinematic growth analysis, which aims at the quantitative description of growth rate gradients (Erickson & Sax, 1956). Root growth zones were generally believed to be characterized by growth rates that change gradually along bell-shaped growth gradients (Erickson & Sax, …
Forisomes, A Novel Type Of Ca2+-Dependent Contractile Protein Motor [Review Article], Michael Knoblauch, Winfried Peters
Forisomes, A Novel Type Of Ca2+-Dependent Contractile Protein Motor [Review Article], Michael Knoblauch, Winfried Peters
Winfried S. Peters
This paper has no abstract; this is the first paragraph. Motility of cell components in both animal and plant cells is mostly based on the movement of motor proteins along actin filaments or microtubules [Boal, 2002]. The dominance of ATP hydrolysis as the energy source for such movements is so complete, that modern textbooks define “motor proteins” as nucleoside triphosphate-dependent actuators [e.g., Alberts et al., 2002]. In only one known case, a reversible mechanism of cell motility is driven by the interaction of Ca2+ and the responsive protein(s). Some sessile ciliates control the effective length of their stalk by means …
Atp-Independent Contractile Proteins From Plants, Michael Knoblauch, Gundula Noll, Torsten Müller, Dirk Prüfer, Ingrid Schneider-Hüther, Dörte Scharner, Aart Van Bel, Winfried Peters
Atp-Independent Contractile Proteins From Plants, Michael Knoblauch, Gundula Noll, Torsten Müller, Dirk Prüfer, Ingrid Schneider-Hüther, Dörte Scharner, Aart Van Bel, Winfried Peters
Winfried S. Peters
This paper has no abstract; this is the first paragraph. Emerging technologies are creating increasing interest in smart materials that may serve as actuators in micro- and nanodevices. Mechanically active polymers currently studied include a variety of materials. ATP-driven motor proteins, the actuators of living cells, possess promising characteristics, but their dependence on strictly defined chemical environments can be disadvantagous. Natural proteins that deform reversibly by entropic mechanisms might serve as models for artificial contractile polypeptides with useful functionality, but they are rare. Protein bodies from sieve elements of higher plants provide a novel example. sieve elements form microfluidics systems …
The Biophysics Of Leaf Growth In Salt-Stressed Barley. A Study At The Cell Level., Wieland Fricke, Winfried Peters
The Biophysics Of Leaf Growth In Salt-Stressed Barley. A Study At The Cell Level., Wieland Fricke, Winfried Peters
Winfried S. Peters
Biophysical parameters potentially involved in growth regulation were studied at the single-cell level in the third leaf of barley (Hordeum vulgare) after exposure to various degrees of NaCl stress for 3 to 5 d. Gradients of elongation growth were measured, and turgor pressure, osmolality, and water potentials (ψ) were determined (pressure probe and picoliter osmometry) in epidermal cells of the elongation zone and the mature blade. Cells in the elongation zone adjusted to decreasing external ψ through increases in cell osmolality that were accomplished by increased solute loads and reduced water contents. Cell turgor changed only slightly. In …
Reversible Calcium-Regulated Stopcocks In Legume Sieve Tubes, Michael Knoblauch, Winfried Peters, Katrin Ehlers, Aart Van Bel
Reversible Calcium-Regulated Stopcocks In Legume Sieve Tubes, Michael Knoblauch, Winfried Peters, Katrin Ehlers, Aart Van Bel
Winfried S. Peters
Sieve tubes of legumes (Fabaceae) contain characteristic P-protein crystalloids with controversial function. We studied their behavior by conventional light, electron, and confocal laser scanning microscopy. In situ, crystalloids are able to undergo rapid (<1>sec) and reversible conversions from the condensed resting state into a dispersed state, in which they occlude the sieve tubes. Crystalloid dispersal is triggered by plasma membrane leakage induced by mechanical injury or permeabilizing substances. Similarly, abrupt turgor changes imposed by osmotic shock cause crystalloid dispersal. Because chelators generally prevent the response, divalent cations appear to be the decisive factor in crystalloid expansion. Cycling between dispersal and …
Does Growth Correlate With Turgor-Induced Elastic Strain In Stems? A Re-Evaluation Of De Vries' Classical Experiments, Winfried Peters, Maggie Farm, A. Kopf
Does Growth Correlate With Turgor-Induced Elastic Strain In Stems? A Re-Evaluation Of De Vries' Classical Experiments, Winfried Peters, Maggie Farm, A. Kopf
Winfried S. Peters
The correlation between growth and turgor-induced elastic expansion was studied in hypocotyls of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) seedlings under various growth conditions. Turgor-induced elastic cell wall strain was greater in hypocotyls of faster growing seedlings, i.e. in etiolated versus light-grown ones. It also was higher in rapidly growing young seedlings as compared with nongrowing mature ones. However, analysis of the spatial distribution of elastic strain and growth demonstrated that their correspondence was only apparent. Profiles of elastic strain declined steadily from the top of the hypocotyls toward the basis, whereas the profiles of relative elemental growth rate along the …
The Mechanic State Of “Inner Tissue” In The Growing Zone Of Sunflower Hypocotyls And The Regulation Of Its Growth Rate Following Excision, Winfried Peters, A. Tomos
The Mechanic State Of “Inner Tissue” In The Growing Zone Of Sunflower Hypocotyls And The Regulation Of Its Growth Rate Following Excision, Winfried Peters, A. Tomos
Winfried S. Peters
Spontaneous growth of isolated inner tissue from the etiolated sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) hypocotyl growing zone was investigated. A new preparation technique allowed measurements starting 3 s after excision. Elongation with respect to the turgescent and plasmolized state was quantified in terms of relative growth rates, facilitating comparison to growth in situ. Turgor and turgor-induced strain were determined. Overall longitudinal strain in inner tissues in situ was positive, indicating that compressive forces exerted by peripheral tissues are outweighed by turgor-dependent tensile stress. Inner tissue expansion following isolation depended on water uptake. Extreme plastic extension rates occurred immediately after excision, …
What Makes Plants Different? Principles Of Extracellular Matrix Function In 'Soft' Plant Tissues [Review Article], Winfried Peters, Wolfgang Hagemann, A. Tomos
What Makes Plants Different? Principles Of Extracellular Matrix Function In 'Soft' Plant Tissues [Review Article], Winfried Peters, Wolfgang Hagemann, A. Tomos
Winfried S. Peters
An overview of the biomechanic and morphogenetic function of the plant extracellular matrix (ECM) in its primary state is given. ECMs can play a pivotal role in cellular osmo- and volume-regulation, if they enclose the cell hermetically and constrain hydrostatic pressure evoked by osmotic gradients between the cell and its environment. From an engineering viewpoint, such cell walls turn cells into hydraulic machines, which establishes a crucial functional differences between cell walls and other cellular surface structures. Examples of such hydraulic machineries are discussed. The function of cell walls in the control of pressure, volume, and shape establishes constructional evolutionary …
The Correlation Of Profiles Of Surface Ph And Elongation Growth In Maize Roots, Winfried Peters, Hubert Felle
The Correlation Of Profiles Of Surface Ph And Elongation Growth In Maize Roots, Winfried Peters, Hubert Felle
Winfried S. Peters
High-resolution profiles of surface pH and growth along vertically growing maize (Zea mays) primary root tips were determined simultaneously by pH-sensitive microelectrodes and marking experiments. Methodological tests were carried out that proved the reliability of our kinematic growth analysis, while questioning the validity of an alternative technique employed previously. A distal acidic zone around the meristematic region and a proximal one around the elongation zone proper were detected. This pattern as such persisted irrespective of the bulk pH value. The proximal acidic region coincided with maximum relative elemental growth rates (REGR), and both characters reacted in a correlated …
Xet-Related Genes And Growth Kinematics In Barley Leaves, Winfried Peters, Wieland Fricke, Peter Chandler
Xet-Related Genes And Growth Kinematics In Barley Leaves, Winfried Peters, Wieland Fricke, Peter Chandler
Winfried S. Peters
Recently Schünmann et al. (1997; Plant, Cell and Environment 20, 1439–1450) investigated the correlation of spatial patterns of xyloglucan-endotransglycosylase (XET) activity, XET-related mRNAs, and growth in elongating barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) leaves. Here, methodological difficulties in the kinematic growth analysis are discussed, and it is concluded that the role that XET-related gene activity plays in the control of spatial growth patterns remains undetermined.
The Temporal Correlation Of Changes In Apoplast Ph And Growth Rate In Maize Coleoptile Segments, Winfried Peters, Hartwig Lüthen, Michael Böttger, Hubert Felle
The Temporal Correlation Of Changes In Apoplast Ph And Growth Rate In Maize Coleoptile Segments, Winfried Peters, Hartwig Lüthen, Michael Böttger, Hubert Felle
Winfried S. Peters
Auxin induces extracellular acidification in growing shoot tissue. The causal relationship between this process and auxin-mediated growth is debated, partly because of contradicting previous reports on the temporal correlation of auxin-induced apoplast pH-drops and growth bursts. We have simultaneously measured both parameters on the background of spontaneously occurring endogenous changes in growth rate and apoplast pH in maize coleoptile segments. Our data demonstrate good temporal correlation, during both the ‘Spontaneous Growth Response’ and the response to exogenous auxin, which is transient under the conditions chosen due to rapid auxin metabolism. We suggest that cell wall pH and growth rate are …
Wounding-Induced Cell Wall Ph Shifts In Coleoptile Segments Of Various Poaceae, Winfried Peters
Wounding-Induced Cell Wall Ph Shifts In Coleoptile Segments Of Various Poaceae, Winfried Peters
Winfried S. Peters
Wounding-induced extracellular pH shifts were characterized previously in excised segments of maize (Zea mays L.) coleoptiles. In the present study it is demonstrated that similar pH shifts also occur in Triticum aestivum L., Secale cereale L., Hordeum vulgare L., Avena sativa L., Sorghum durra (Forsk.) Stapf, and Setaria italica (L.) Beauv., with characteristic quantitative differences between the species. Indole-acetic acid induces pronounced drops of the medium pH in all species except Setaria italica.
Iaa Breakdown And Its Effect On Auxin-Induced Cell Wall Acidification In Maize Coleoptile Segments, Winfried Peters, Christa Lommel, Hubert Felle
Iaa Breakdown And Its Effect On Auxin-Induced Cell Wall Acidification In Maize Coleoptile Segments, Winfried Peters, Christa Lommel, Hubert Felle
Winfried S. Peters
In excised Zea mays L. coleoptiles incubated in aerated media at high fresh weight per volume ratios, indole-3-acetic acid induces transient drops of extracellular pH. Based on the quantitative dependency of the response on the initial auxin concentration we developed a novel auxin bioassay, which allows reliable estimation of IAA concentrations between 10−8.5 and 10−5 M. Using the bioassay and complementary concentration measurements by IAA fluorescence we found the transient IAA-induced pH response paralleled by a decrease of auxin activity and concentration in the medium. This decline is rapid and starts immediately upon auxin addition, and insofar differs from the …
The Determination Of Relative Elemental Growth Rate Profiles From Segmental Growth Rates (A Methodological Evaluation), Winfried Peters, Nirit Bernstein
The Determination Of Relative Elemental Growth Rate Profiles From Segmental Growth Rates (A Methodological Evaluation), Winfried Peters, Nirit Bernstein
Winfried S. Peters
Relative elemental growth rate (REGR) profiles describe spatial patterns of growth intensity; they are indispensable for causal growth analyses. Published methods of REGR profile determination from marking experiments fall in two classes: the profile is either described by a series of segmental growth rates, or calculated as the slope of a function describing the displacement velocities of points along the organ. The latter technique is usually considered superior for theoretical reasons, but to our knowledge, no comparative methodological study of the two approaches is currently available. We formulated a model REGR profile that resembles those reported from primary roots. We …