Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
Cell and Developmental Biology Commons™
Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
Articles 1 - 4 of 4
Full-Text Articles in Cell and Developmental Biology
Sensory Filtering Disruption Caused By Poly I:C - Timing Of Exposure And Other Experimental Considerations., Faraj L Haddad, Lu Lu, Kelly J Baines, Susanne Schmid
Sensory Filtering Disruption Caused By Poly I:C - Timing Of Exposure And Other Experimental Considerations., Faraj L Haddad, Lu Lu, Kelly J Baines, Susanne Schmid
Anatomy and Cell Biology Publications
Maternal immune activation (MIA) in response to infection during pregnancy has been linked through various epidemiological and preclinical studies to an increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizophrenia in exposed offspring. Sensory filtering disruptions occur in both of these disorders and are typically measured using the acoustic startle response in both humans and rodents. Our study focuses on characterizing the baseline reactivity, habituation and prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the acoustic startle response following exposure to MIA. We induced MIA using polyinosinic: polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) at gestational day (GD) 9.5 or 14.5, and we …
Nicotine Receptors Mediating Sensorimotor Gating And Its Enhancement By Systemic Nicotine, Farena Pinnock, Daniel Bosch, Tyler Brown, Nadine Simons, John R. Yeomans, Cleusa Deoliveira, Susanne Schmid
Nicotine Receptors Mediating Sensorimotor Gating And Its Enhancement By Systemic Nicotine, Farena Pinnock, Daniel Bosch, Tyler Brown, Nadine Simons, John R. Yeomans, Cleusa Deoliveira, Susanne Schmid
Anatomy and Cell Biology Publications
Prepulse inhibition (PPI) of startle occurs when intensity stimuli precede stronger startle-inducing stimuli by 10–1000 ms. PPI deficits are found in individuals with schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders, and they correlate with other cognitive impairments. Animal research and clinical studies have demonstrated that both PPI and cognitive function can be enhanced by nicotine. PPI has been shown to be mediated, at least in part, by mesopontine cholinergic neurons that project to pontine startle neurons and activate muscarinic and potentially nicotine receptors (nAChRs). The subtypes and anatomical location of nAChRs involved in mediating and modulating PPI remain unresolved. We tested the …
Activation Of Mglur2/3 Receptors In The Ventral Prefrontal Cortex Reverses Sensorimotor Gating Deficits Induced By A Systemic Nmda Receptor Antagonist, Bridget Valsamis, Michael Chang, Marei Typlt, Susanne Schmid
Activation Of Mglur2/3 Receptors In The Ventral Prefrontal Cortex Reverses Sensorimotor Gating Deficits Induced By A Systemic Nmda Receptor Antagonist, Bridget Valsamis, Michael Chang, Marei Typlt, Susanne Schmid
Anatomy and Cell Biology Publications
Prepulse inhibition (PPI) of acoustic startle is an operational measure of sensorimotor gating, which is disrupted in schizophrenia. NMDA receptor (NMDAR) antagonist induced PPI disruption has become an important pharmacological model for schizophrenia; however, knowledge of the underlying mechanism remains incomplete. This study examines the role of NMDAR in the caudal pontine reticular nucleus (PnC) and the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in NMDARs antagonist induced PPI deficits, as well as the NMDA receptor subtypes involved. We administered the NMDA antagonist MK-801 locally into the caudal pontine reticular formation (PnC), where the PPI mediating pathway converges with the primary startle pathway, …
Habituation And Prepulse Inhibition Of The Acoustic Startle In Rodents, Bridget Valsamis, Susanne Schmid
Habituation And Prepulse Inhibition Of The Acoustic Startle In Rodents, Bridget Valsamis, Susanne Schmid
Anatomy and Cell Biology Publications
The acoustic startle response is a protective response, elicited by a sudden and intense acoustic stimulus. Facial and skeletal muscles are activated within a few milliseconds, leading to a whole body flinch in rodents. Although startle responses are reflexive responses that can be reliably elicited, they are not stereotypic. They can be modulated by emotions such as fear (fear potentiated startle) and joy (joy attenuated startle), by non-associative learning processes such as habituation and sensitization, and by other sensory stimuli through sensory gating processes (prepulse inhibition), turning startle responses into an excellent tool for assessing emotions, learning, and sensory gating. …