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2021

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Articles 31 - 60 of 209

Full-Text Articles in Biotechnology

Crispr Diversity In Brine Pools Of The Red Sea: A Comparative Study Of Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats From The Red Sea Metagenomes, Mohamed Mohamed Lotaief Nov 2021

Crispr Diversity In Brine Pools Of The Red Sea: A Comparative Study Of Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats From The Red Sea Metagenomes, Mohamed Mohamed Lotaief

Archived Theses and Dissertations

Exploration of CRISPR/Cas systems in the unique Red sea Brine pools can provide insights into host-viral interactions in highly extremophile environments. 454 Metagenomic datasets from different strata of Atlantis II, Discovery deep and Kebrit deep brine pools were mined for CRISPR arrays, and Cas proteins and compared to one another. Overall composition of CRISPR types was inferred by Cas protein HMM data, together with Cas1 phylogenetic placement using RaxML and direct repeat typing. Spacerâ viral interaction was explored using local alignments of mined spacer data to local metagenomic prophage sequences, showing and comparing specific sample CRISPR affected viral occurrences as …

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Mining And Identification Of A Potential Subtilisin-Like Serine Protease From The Lower Convective Layer Of The Atlantis Ii Brine Pool In The Red Sea, Ahmed Shibl Nov 2021

Mining And Identification Of A Potential Subtilisin-Like Serine Protease From The Lower Convective Layer Of The Atlantis Ii Brine Pool In The Red Sea, Ahmed Shibl

Archived Theses and Dissertations

The Red Sea harbors a number of deep-sea brine pools with diverse chemical, physical, and geological conditions. One of the environments, the Atlantis II Brine Pool, is unique to the Red Sea. The deepest part of Atlantis II Brine Pool â the Lower Convective Layer (LCL) â is 2060 meters below the sea surface water, with 26% salinity, and a temperature of about 68 °C. Moreover, it is almost anoxic, and contains a very high concentration of heavy metals. We are interested in identifying subtilisin-like serine proteases, which are an important group of proteolytic enzymes with a broad range of …

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Potential Endoglucanase Genes From The Red Sea Atlantis Ii Brine Pool: Structure, Organization And Halophilic Signature, Mohamad Maged Galal Nov 2021

Potential Endoglucanase Genes From The Red Sea Atlantis Ii Brine Pool: Structure, Organization And Halophilic Signature, Mohamad Maged Galal

Archived Theses and Dissertations

Cellulolytic enzymes have many industrial applications and play a major role in the process of biofuel production. Bioethanol is a cheap and clean alternative to non-renewable, polluting and expensive fossil fuel. Cellulases and hemicellulases act synergistically to degrade the cellulose polymer into glucose which can then be fermented by specific anaerobic organisms into ethanol. The overall manufacturing process occurs under harsh conditions such as low pH, high temperature and in the presence of elevated salt concentrations. The Atlantis II brine pool in the Red Sea is a unique habitat in terms of its diverse microbial community and physical conditions; high …

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Triple Trouble: Examining The Effect Of Combining Mechanical Stress, Pbmcs And Cisplatin On Hepg2 Cell Death, Lalia Ziko Nov 2021

Triple Trouble: Examining The Effect Of Combining Mechanical Stress, Pbmcs And Cisplatin On Hepg2 Cell Death, Lalia Ziko

Archived Theses and Dissertations

In an attempt to find better cancer treatments, a new mathematical model proposed by Klika & Marsik (2009) suggests that more cancer cells could possibly be killed by applying several stress factors to tumour cells, however only as a simulation in silico. The proposed stresses include healthy cell anti-tumour effect, the biochemical effect exerted by a cytotoxic drug and a newly introduced mechanical stress. The hypothesis entails that upon applying these three stress factors together simultaneously to tumour cells, the concentration of the tumour cells decreases more than if a stress factor was applied alone. The two main objectives in …

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Identification Of Potential Subtilisin-Like Serine Proteases From The Microbial Community Of The Red Sea Atlantis-Ii Brine Pool Using A Metagenomic Approach, Nadine Hosny El-Said Nov 2021

Identification Of Potential Subtilisin-Like Serine Proteases From The Microbial Community Of The Red Sea Atlantis-Ii Brine Pool Using A Metagenomic Approach, Nadine Hosny El-Said

Archived Theses and Dissertations

The Atlantis II deep is the largest brine pool in the Red Sea of around 60 km2. It is located in the central Red Sea (21° 21' N., 38° 04' E.) at a depth of 2200 meters from the sea surface. The lower part of this pool, the lower convective layer (LCL), has extremely harsh environmental conditions characterized by a temperature of up to 68°C, pH 5.3, saturated salt (252 psu), anoxic condition, and high concentration of heavy metals. These harsh abiotic factors exert strong selective pressure in favor of microbial communities adapted to survive in such environment. Therefore, proteins …

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Molecular Characterization Of Neuraminidase Surface Proteins Of Influenzavirus B Isolates From Egypt, 1999-2008, Nadean Safwan Khedr Nov 2021

Molecular Characterization Of Neuraminidase Surface Proteins Of Influenzavirus B Isolates From Egypt, 1999-2008, Nadean Safwan Khedr

Archived Theses and Dissertations

No abstract provided.

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Deciphering The Unique Microrna Signature In Human Esophageal Adenocarcinoma: Dissecting Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Progressive Profile And Its Distinctions From Gastric Cancer, Rama Ahmed Saad Ahmed Ali Nov 2021

Deciphering The Unique Microrna Signature In Human Esophageal Adenocarcinoma: Dissecting Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Progressive Profile And Its Distinctions From Gastric Cancer, Rama Ahmed Saad Ahmed Ali

Archived Theses and Dissertations

No abstract provided.

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Recent Advances In The Use Of Transglutaminase In Cheese Production, El Kiyat Warsono, Laurenthia Evlyn, Michaela Janice, Fariz Pari Rizfi Nov 2021

Recent Advances In The Use Of Transglutaminase In Cheese Production, El Kiyat Warsono, Laurenthia Evlyn, Michaela Janice, Fariz Pari Rizfi

ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development

Various enzymes are used in the food industry to improve product quality. The enzyme transglutaminase is used to modify proteins in various foods through the formation of inter- and intramolecular epsilon-(gamma-glutamyl) lysine bonds. Previous studies have revealed that using transglutaminase in cheese production can increase the yield and enhance the characteristics of various types of cheese. However, the enzyme concentration, temperature, and pH influence the quality of cheese. This review aimed to discuss the potential of transglutaminase in cheese production. Our analysis showed that transglutaminase catalyzes the formation of covalent bonds between milk proteins (crosslinking), which results in a greater …

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Ethical Governance Of Gene Editing Technology, Huiyuan Wang, Pengfei Li, Lijuan Xu, Liwen Zhang, Caihong He, Yuelei Fan, Jianrong Yu, Zhihong Xu Nov 2021

Ethical Governance Of Gene Editing Technology, Huiyuan Wang, Pengfei Li, Lijuan Xu, Liwen Zhang, Caihong He, Yuelei Fan, Jianrong Yu, Zhihong Xu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Gene editing technology has been one of the breakthrough technologies for life science research. With the application in biomedical research, healthcare, food and agriculture field, related ethical issues are also concerned. This study summarized the research and application progress of gene editing technology involving ethical issues in recent years. Based on sorting out the international discussions, attitudes, and explorations about gene editing ethics issues, after analyzing the current status, discussions, and measures of applications of gene editing technology on human beings in China, we propose five suggestions about the ethical governance system construction of gene editing technology for China.

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Stabilin Receptors Clear Lps And Control Systemic Inflammation, Fatima Cabral, Mustafa Al-Rahem, John Skaggs, Thushara A. Thomas, Naresh Kumar, Qian Wu, Paolo Fadda, Lianbo Yu, John M. Robinson, Jonghan Kim, Ekta Pandey, Xinghui Sun, Wael N. Jarjour, Murugesan V.S. Rajaram, Edward N. Harris, Latha P. Ganesan Nov 2021

Stabilin Receptors Clear Lps And Control Systemic Inflammation, Fatima Cabral, Mustafa Al-Rahem, John Skaggs, Thushara A. Thomas, Naresh Kumar, Qian Wu, Paolo Fadda, Lianbo Yu, John M. Robinson, Jonghan Kim, Ekta Pandey, Xinghui Sun, Wael N. Jarjour, Murugesan V.S. Rajaram, Edward N. Harris, Latha P. Ganesan

Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications

Lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) cause lethal endotoxemia if not rapidly cleared from blood circulation. Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC) systemically clear LPS by unknown mechanisms. We discovered that LPS clearance through LSEC involves endocytosis and lysosomal inactivation via Stabilin-1 and 2 (Stab1 and Stab2) but does not involve TLR4. Cytokine production was inversely related to clearance/endocytosis of LPS by LSEC. When exposed to LPS, Stabilin double knockout mice (Stab DK) and Stab1 KO, but not Stab2 KO, showed significantly enhanced systemic inflammatory cytokine production and early death compared with WT mice. Stab1 KO is not significantly different from Stab DK in circulatory …

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Microbial And Chemical Profiles Of Sediments Isolated From Atlantis Ii And Discovery Deep Brine Pools In The Red Sea., Nardine G. Rasmy Marsis Nov 2021

Microbial And Chemical Profiles Of Sediments Isolated From Atlantis Ii And Discovery Deep Brine Pools In The Red Sea., Nardine G. Rasmy Marsis

Archived Theses and Dissertations

No abstract provided.

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Role Of Autophagy In Acridocarpus Orientalis-Induced Anti-Breast Cancer Activity, Suhib Hisham Ahmed Saeed Altabbal Nov 2021

Role Of Autophagy In Acridocarpus Orientalis-Induced Anti-Breast Cancer Activity, Suhib Hisham Ahmed Saeed Altabbal

Theses

Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women worldwide. Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC), which lacks the expression of the hormonal Estrogen Receptor (ER) and Progesterone Receptor (PR), and the amplification of Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2), is not responsive to the hormonal therapy. Therefore, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, which cause severe side effects, are the current available choices to treat TNBC. Hence, there is an urgent need to find new therapeutic choices for TNBC. It is estimated that 50% of all drugs in clinical use during the 21st century are natural products and plants derived. …

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Phenolic, Carotenoid And Saccharide Compositions Of Vietnamese Camellia Sinensis Teas And Herbal Teas, Danh C. Vu, Sophie Alvarez Oct 2021

Phenolic, Carotenoid And Saccharide Compositions Of Vietnamese Camellia Sinensis Teas And Herbal Teas, Danh C. Vu, Sophie Alvarez

Nebraska Center for Biotechnology: Faculty and Staff Publications

Tea (Camellia sinensis) and herbal tea have been recognized as rich sources of bioactive constituents with the ability to exert antioxidant actions. The aims of this study were to analyze phenolic, carotenoid and saccharide contents in a set of Vietnamese tea and herbal tea and compare the results with those of green and black teas marketed in the U.S. In total, 27 phenolics, six carotenoids and chlorophylls, and three saccharides were quantitatively identified. Catechins, quercetin glycosides and chlorogenic acid were the predominating phenolics in the teas, with the concentrations following the order: jasmine/green teas > oolong tea > black tea. …

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Creating Reel Designs: Reflecting On Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita In The Community, Iris Layadi Oct 2021

Creating Reel Designs: Reflecting On Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita In The Community, Iris Layadi

Purdue Journal of Service-Learning and International Engagement

Because of its extreme rarity, the genetic disease arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) and the needs of individuals with the diagnosis are often overlooked. AMC refers to the development of nonprogressive contractures in disparate areas of the body and is characterized by decreased flexibility in joints, muscle atrophy, and developmental delays. Colton Darst, a seven-year-old boy from Indianapolis, Indiana, was born with the disorder, and since then, he has undergone numerous surgical interventions and continues to receive orthopedic therapy to reduce his physical limitations. His parents, Michael and Amber Darst, have hopes for him to regain his limbic motion and are …

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Dynamic Evolution And Correlation Between Metabolites And Microorganisms During Manufacturing Process And Storage Of Fu Brick Tea, Jing Li, Ran Xu, Joseph Brake, Lizeng Cheng, Jie Wu, Xiaobin Wu Oct 2021

Dynamic Evolution And Correlation Between Metabolites And Microorganisms During Manufacturing Process And Storage Of Fu Brick Tea, Jing Li, Ran Xu, Joseph Brake, Lizeng Cheng, Jie Wu, Xiaobin Wu

Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications

Fu brick tea (FBT) is one of the major brands of dark tea. Microbial fermentation is considered the key step in the development of the special characteristics of FBT. The systemic corelationship of the microbiome and metabolomics during manufacture of Fu brick tea is not fully understood. In this study, we comprehensively explored the microbiome and metabolite dynamic evolution during the FBT manufacturing processes, and revealed decisive factors for the quality and safety of FBT based on the grouped methods of metabolomics combined with biochemical measurements, microbiome sequencing combined with quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and multiplex analysis. Both the …

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Simplifying The Development Of Portable, Scalable, And Reproducible Workflows, Stephen Piccolo, Zachary E. Ence, Elizabeth C. Anderson, Jeffrey T. Chang, Andrea H. Bild Oct 2021

Simplifying The Development Of Portable, Scalable, And Reproducible Workflows, Stephen Piccolo, Zachary E. Ence, Elizabeth C. Anderson, Jeffrey T. Chang, Andrea H. Bild

Faculty Publications

Command-line software plays a critical role in biology research. However, processes for installing and executing software differ widely. The Common Workflow Language (CWL) is a community standard that addresses this problem. Using CWL, tool developers can formally describe a tool’s inputs, outputs, and other execution details. CWL documents can include instructions for executing tools inside software containers. Accordingly, CWL tools are portable—they can be executed on diverse computers—including personal workstations, high-performance clusters, or the cloud. CWL also supports workflows, which describe dependencies among tools and using outputs from one tool as inputs to others. To date, CWL has been used …

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Mitochondrial Superoxide Dismutase Overexpression And Low Oxygen Conditioning Hormesis Improve The Performance Of Irradiated Sterile Males, Vanessa S. Dias, Carlos Cáceres, Andrew G. Parker, Rui Pereira, Güler Demirbas-Uzel, Adly M. M. Abd-Alla, Nicholas M. Teets, Marc F. Schetelig, Alfred M. Handler, Daniel A. Hahn Oct 2021

Mitochondrial Superoxide Dismutase Overexpression And Low Oxygen Conditioning Hormesis Improve The Performance Of Irradiated Sterile Males, Vanessa S. Dias, Carlos Cáceres, Andrew G. Parker, Rui Pereira, Güler Demirbas-Uzel, Adly M. M. Abd-Alla, Nicholas M. Teets, Marc F. Schetelig, Alfred M. Handler, Daniel A. Hahn

Entomology Faculty Publications

The Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) is a successful autocidal control method that uses ionizing radiation to sterilize insects. However, irradiation in normal atmospheric conditions can be damaging for males, because irradiation generates substantial biological oxidative stress that, combined with domestication and mass-rearing conditions, may reduce sterile male sexual competitiveness and quality. In this study, biological oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity were experimentally manipulated in Anastrepha suspensa using a combination of low-oxygen conditions and transgenic overexpression of mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (SOD2) to evaluate their role in the sexual behavior and quality of irradiated males. Our results showed that SOD2 overexpression enhances …

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Recent Applications Of Quantitative Systems Pharmacology And Machine Learning Models Across Diseases, Sara Sadat Aghamiri1, Rada Amin, Tomáš Helikar Oct 2021

Recent Applications Of Quantitative Systems Pharmacology And Machine Learning Models Across Diseases, Sara Sadat Aghamiri1, Rada Amin, Tomáš Helikar

Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications

Quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) is a quantitative and mechanistic platform describing the phenotypic interaction between drugs, biological networks, and disease conditions to predict optimal therapeutic response. In this meta-analysis study, we review the utility of the QSP platform in drug development and therapeutic strategies based on recent publications (2019–2021). We gathered recent original QSP models and described the diversity of their applications based on therapeutic areas, methodologies, software platforms, and functionalities. The collection and investigation of these publications can assist in providing a repository of recent QSP studies to facilitate the discovery and further reusability of QSP models. Our review …

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Purification And Initial Biochemical Characterization Of Atp:Cob(I)Alamin Adenosyltransferase (Eutt) Enzyme Of Salmonella Enterica, Nicole R. Buan, Jorge C. Escalante-Semerena Oct 2021

Purification And Initial Biochemical Characterization Of Atp:Cob(I)Alamin Adenosyltransferase (Eutt) Enzyme Of Salmonella Enterica, Nicole R. Buan, Jorge C. Escalante-Semerena

Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications

ATP:cob(I)alamin adenosyltransferase (EutT) of Salmonella enterica was overproduced and enriched to ~70% homogeneity, and its basic kinetic parameters were determined. Abundant amounts of EutT protein were produced, but all of it remained insoluble. Soluble active EutT protein (~70% homogeneous) was obtained after treatment with detergent. Under conditions in which cobalamin (Cbl) was saturating, Km(ATP) = 10 μM, kcat = 0.03 s–1, and Vmax = 54.5 nM min–1. Similarly, under conditions in which MgATPwas saturating,Km(Cbl)= 4.1μM, kcat = 0.06 s–1, andVmax …

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The Simulation Experiment Description Markup Language (Sed-Ml): Language Specification For Level 1 Version 4, Lucian P. Smith,, Frank T. Bergmann, Alan Garny, Tomáš Helikar, Jonathan Karr, David Nickerson,, Herbert Sauro, Dagmar Waltemath, Matthias König Oct 2021

The Simulation Experiment Description Markup Language (Sed-Ml): Language Specification For Level 1 Version 4, Lucian P. Smith,, Frank T. Bergmann, Alan Garny, Tomáš Helikar, Jonathan Karr, David Nickerson,, Herbert Sauro, Dagmar Waltemath, Matthias König

Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications

Computational simulation experiments increasingly inform modern biological research, and bring with them the need to provide ways to annotate, archive, share and reproduce the experiments performed. These simulations increasingly require extensive collaboration among modelers, experimentalists, and engineers. The Minimum Information About a Simulation Experiment (MIASE) guidelines outline the information needed to share simulation experiments. SED-ML is a computer-readable format for the information outlined by MIASE, created as a community project and supported by many investigators and software tools. The first versions of SED-ML focused on deterministic and stochastic simulations of models. Level 1 Version 4 of SED-ML substantially expands these …

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Liquid And Semisolid Lubricant Compositions , Methods Of Making , And Uses Thereof, Diana Berman, Kent Dean Chapman, Tervor Bradley Romsdahl, Edgar Benjamin Cahoon, Robert Earl Minto, Chunyu Zhang Oct 2021

Liquid And Semisolid Lubricant Compositions , Methods Of Making , And Uses Thereof, Diana Berman, Kent Dean Chapman, Tervor Bradley Romsdahl, Edgar Benjamin Cahoon, Robert Earl Minto, Chunyu Zhang

Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications

Various liquid and semisolid lubricant compositions are provided, in particular lubricant compositions containing oil from the seeds of the Brassicaceae Orychophragmus violaceus, preferably those that have been esterified with one or more fatty acids such as palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, lauric acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, or a combination thereof. In various aspects, lubricant compositions are provided that include a petroleum or a synthetic base oil and about 40 % or less by weight of a liquid lubricant composition containing oil from the seeds of the Brassicaceae Orychophragmus violaceus preferably those that have been esterified with one …

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Defining The Innate Immune Responses For Sars-Cov-2-Human Macrophage Interactions, Mai M. Abdelmoaty, Pravin Yeapuri, Jatin Machhi, Katherine E. Olson, Farah Shahjin, Vikas Kumar, You Zhou, Jingjing Liang, Kabita Pandey, Arpan Acharya, Siddappa N. Byrareddy, R. Lee Mosley, Howard E. Gendelman Oct 2021

Defining The Innate Immune Responses For Sars-Cov-2-Human Macrophage Interactions, Mai M. Abdelmoaty, Pravin Yeapuri, Jatin Machhi, Katherine E. Olson, Farah Shahjin, Vikas Kumar, You Zhou, Jingjing Liang, Kabita Pandey, Arpan Acharya, Siddappa N. Byrareddy, R. Lee Mosley, Howard E. Gendelman

Nebraska Center for Biotechnology: Faculty and Staff Publications

Host innate immune response follows severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, and it is the driver of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) amongst other inflammatory end-organ morbidities. Such life-threatening coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is heralded by virus-induced activation of mononuclear phagocytes (MPs; monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells). MPs play substantial roles in aberrant immune secretory activities affecting profound systemic inflammation and end-organ malfunctions. All follow the presence of persistent viral components and virions without evidence of viral replication. To elucidate SARS-CoV- 2-MP interactions we investigated transcriptomic and proteomic profiles of human monocyte-derived macrophages. While expression of the …

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Mitochondrial Contact Site And Cristae Organizing System (Micos) Machinery Supports Heme Biosynthesis By Enabling Optimal Performance Of Ferrochelatase, Jonathan V. Dietz, Mathilda M. Willoughby, Robert B. Piel, Teresa A. Ross, Iryna Bohovych, Hannah G. Addis, Jennifer L. Fox, William N. Lanzilotta, Harry A. Dailey, James A. Wohlschlegel, Amit R. Reddi, Amy E. Medlock, Oleh Khalimonchuk Oct 2021

Mitochondrial Contact Site And Cristae Organizing System (Micos) Machinery Supports Heme Biosynthesis By Enabling Optimal Performance Of Ferrochelatase, Jonathan V. Dietz, Mathilda M. Willoughby, Robert B. Piel, Teresa A. Ross, Iryna Bohovych, Hannah G. Addis, Jennifer L. Fox, William N. Lanzilotta, Harry A. Dailey, James A. Wohlschlegel, Amit R. Reddi, Amy E. Medlock, Oleh Khalimonchuk

Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications

Heme is an essential cofactor required for a plethora of cellular processes in eukaryotes. In metazoans the heme biosynthetic pathway is typically partitioned between the cytosol and mitochondria, with the first and final steps taking place in the mitochondrion. The pathway has been extensively studied and its biosynthetic enzymes structurally characterized to varying extents. Nevertheless, understanding of the regulation of heme synthesis and factors that influence this process in metazoans remains incomplete. Therefore, we investigated the molecular organization as well as the physical and genetic interactions of the terminal pathway enzyme, ferrochelatase (Hem15), in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biochemical and …

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The Effect Of Low Dose Penicillin On Tumor Development In ApcMin/+ Mice, Kinsey Ann Sierra Meggett Oct 2021

The Effect Of Low Dose Penicillin On Tumor Development In ApcMin/+ Mice, Kinsey Ann Sierra Meggett

Theses and Dissertations

Antibiotics have been our most effective weapon against bacterial infections since their discovery in the early 1900s. Their use has been critical in reducing mortality rate from infectious diseases. However, in the last few decades, the overuse of antibiotics, beginning at an early age and into adulthood, has become a growing concern globally. Penicillin is one of many extensively used antibiotics in early childhood that has been used to treat childhood infections. Recent studies showed that exposure to low dose penicillin can have adverse effects leading to chronic illness such as diabetes, allergies, inflammation, and susceptibility to obesity, with the …

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The Classification Of Basket Neural Cells In The Mammalian Neocortex, Sreya Pudi Oct 2021

The Classification Of Basket Neural Cells In The Mammalian Neocortex, Sreya Pudi

Senior Theses

Basket neuronal cells of the mammalian neocortex have been classically categorized into two or more groups. Originally, it was thought that the large and small types are the naturally occurring groups that emerge from reasons that relate to neurobiological function and anatomical position. Later, a study based on anatomical and physiological features of these neurons introduced a third type, the net basket cell which is intermediate in size as compared to the large and small types. In this study, multivariate analysis was used to test the hypothesis that the large and small types are morphologically distinct groups. The results of …

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Using Molecular Diagnostics To Develop Therapeutic Strategies For Carbapenem-Resistant Gram-Negative Infections, Fred C. Tenover Sep 2021

Using Molecular Diagnostics To Develop Therapeutic Strategies For Carbapenem-Resistant Gram-Negative Infections, Fred C. Tenover

Biology Faculty Publications

Infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative organisms have become a global threat. Such infections can be very difficult to treat, especially when they are caused by carbapenemase-producing organisms (CPO). Since infections caused by CPO tend to have worse outcomes than non-CPO infections, it is important to identify the type of carbapenemase present in the isolate or at least the Ambler Class (i.e., A, B, or D), to optimize therapy. Many of the newer beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations are not active against organisms carrying Class B metallo-enzymes, so differentiating organisms with Class A or D carbapenemases from those with Class B enzymes rapidly …

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Inner Ear Development And Advances In Inner Ear Organoid Formation, Paige Avery Sep 2021

Inner Ear Development And Advances In Inner Ear Organoid Formation, Paige Avery

The Cardinal Edge

The inner ear houses the cochlea which contains hair cells responsible for the transduction of sound waves. The process of forming these hair cells responsible for hearing is a complicated process consisting of many signaling factors that allow ectoderm to form into the otic placode, the otic vesicle, and finally prosensory cells such as hair cells (Schlosser, 2006). Loss of these hair cells contributes to deafness and hearing loss throughout life, and regeneration of these cells may serve as a therapeutic agent for those with irreversible damage. This review looks at the development of the otic placode and hair cells …

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Novel Pilot Development Of A Closed-Loop Sustainable System Between Biogas Renewable Energy, Distilling, And Aquaculture By Vermiculture Of Stillage Wastes, Samuel C. Kessler Sep 2021

Novel Pilot Development Of A Closed-Loop Sustainable System Between Biogas Renewable Energy, Distilling, And Aquaculture By Vermiculture Of Stillage Wastes, Samuel C. Kessler

The Cardinal Edge

This study provides a mixed-methods approach in analyzing a potential closed-loop system between renewable biogas production from anaerobic digestion, vermiculture production, aquaculture production, and organic wastes with a particular focus on stillage wastes. Such system may hold significant promise for significantly reducing organic carbon and methane emissions from its components, and should be assessed for such. The 2021 IPCC report essentially identified methane reduction as the single fastest way to slow global warming (IPCC, 2021), making the study and implementation of methane-reducing systems and supportive policy for them critical. Knowledge gaps to implementing this system were qualitatively identified as disconnect …

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Phenotypic/Genotypic Profile Of Oxa-10-Like-Harboring, Carbapenem-Resistant Pseudomonas Aeruginosa: Using Validated Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic In Vivo Models To Further Evaluate Enzyme Functionality And Clinical Implications, Fred C. Tenover, Christian M. Gill, Adrian Brink, Chun Yat Chu, Jennifer Coetzee, George Dimopoulos, Clinton Moodley, Christoffel Johannes Opperman, Spyros Pournaras, Isabella A. Tickler, Hafsah Deepa Tootla, Sophia Vourli, David P. Nicolau Sep 2021

Phenotypic/Genotypic Profile Of Oxa-10-Like-Harboring, Carbapenem-Resistant Pseudomonas Aeruginosa: Using Validated Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic In Vivo Models To Further Evaluate Enzyme Functionality And Clinical Implications, Fred C. Tenover, Christian M. Gill, Adrian Brink, Chun Yat Chu, Jennifer Coetzee, George Dimopoulos, Clinton Moodley, Christoffel Johannes Opperman, Spyros Pournaras, Isabella A. Tickler, Hafsah Deepa Tootla, Sophia Vourli, David P. Nicolau

Biology Faculty Publications

In vitro MICs and in vivo pharmacodynamics of ceftazidime and cefepime human-simulated regimens (HSR) against modified carbapenem inactivation method (mCIM)-positive Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates harboring different OXA-10-like subtypes were described. The murine thigh model assessed ceftazidime (2 g every 8 h [q8h] HSR) and cefepime (2 g and 1 g q8h HSR). Phenotypes were similar despite possessing OXA-10-like subtypes with differing spectra. Ceftazidime produced ≥1-log10 killing in all isolates. Cefepime activity was dose dependent and MIC driven. This approach may be useful in assessing the implications of β-lactamase variants.

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Assessment Of Trace Elements In Soils And Sediments In The Abandoned Mercury Mine Site In Puerto Princesa City, Philippines, Samaniego Jessie, Gibaga Cris Reven, Tanciongco Alexandria, Rastrullo Rasty Sep 2021

Assessment Of Trace Elements In Soils And Sediments In The Abandoned Mercury Mine Site In Puerto Princesa City, Philippines, Samaniego Jessie, Gibaga Cris Reven, Tanciongco Alexandria, Rastrullo Rasty

ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development

An abandoned mercury mine area in Puerto Princesa City, which was previously operated by Palawan Quicksilver Mines, Inc. (PQMI) from 1953 to 1976, is known for its unrehabilitated open-pit of mercury-rich rocks and exposed mine waste calcine stockpiles in the vicinity. In order to establish an understanding on the geology of the abandoned mercury mine deposit and to obtain clues in determining the possible metal pollutants in the area, measurement of trace element concentrations of soil and sediments collected from the PQMI vicinity were conducted. Soil and sediment samples were analyzed for heavy metals, rare-earth elements and naturally occurring radioactive …

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