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Full-Text Articles in Biology
Science As A Human Right: Esa And The Aaas Science And Human Rights Coalition, Clifford Duke, George Middendorf, Jessica Wyndham
Science As A Human Right: Esa And The Aaas Science And Human Rights Coalition, Clifford Duke, George Middendorf, Jessica Wyndham
Department of Biology Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Genomic Variation And Adaptation In Africa: Implications For Human Evolutionary History And Disease, Michael Campbell
Genomic Variation And Adaptation In Africa: Implications For Human Evolutionary History And Disease, Michael Campbell
Department of Biology Faculty Publications
Africa contains the greatest levels of human genetic variation and is the source of the worldwide range expansion of all modern humans. However, relatively little is known about genomic variation in ethnically diverse African populations.
From Structure To Function: The Ecology Of Host-Associated Microbial Communities, Courtney Robinson, Brendan Bohannan, Vincent Young
From Structure To Function: The Ecology Of Host-Associated Microbial Communities, Courtney Robinson, Brendan Bohannan, Vincent Young
Department of Biology Faculty Publications
In the past several years, we have witnessed an increased interest in understanding the structure and function of the indigenous microbiota that inhabits the human body. It is hoped that this will yield novel insight into the role of these complex microbial communities in human health and disease. What is less appreciated is that this recent activity owes a great deal to the pioneering efforts of microbial ecologists who have been studying communities in non-host-associated environments. Interactions between environmental microbiologists and human microbiota researchers have already contributed to advances in our understanding of the human microbiome. We review the work …
Elevated Levels Of Il-10 And G-Csf Associated With Asymptomatic Malaria In Pregnant Women, Winston Anderson
Elevated Levels Of Il-10 And G-Csf Associated With Asymptomatic Malaria In Pregnant Women, Winston Anderson
Department of Biology Faculty Publications
In sub-Saharan Africa, approximately 30 million pregnant women are at risk of contracting malaria annually. Nearly 36% of healthy pregnant women receiving routine antenatal care tested positive for Plasmodium falciparum HRP-II antigen in Ghana. We tested the hypothesis that asymptomatic HRP II positive pregnant women expressed a unique Th1 and Th2 phenotype that differs from healthy controls. Plasma from healthy (n = 15) and asymptomatic (n = 25) pregnant women were evaluated for 27 biomarkers (IL-1b, IL-1ra, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-15, IL- 17, Eotaxin, bFGF-2, G-CSF, GM-CSF, IFN-gamma, IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1alpha, MIP-1beta, PDGF-bb, …
Getting Up To Speed: Acceleration Strategies In The Florida Scrub Lizard, Sceloporus Woodi, Eric J. Mcelroy, Lance D. Mcbrayer
Getting Up To Speed: Acceleration Strategies In The Florida Scrub Lizard, Sceloporus Woodi, Eric J. Mcelroy, Lance D. Mcbrayer
Department of Biology Faculty Publications
Small animals typically rely on quick bursts and intermittent pauses when moving in the wild. Hence, the study of acceleration capacity is important for understanding the ecology and evolution of locomotor performance. In this study, we investigate intraspecific variation in the acceleration capacity of a small lizard (Sceloporus woodi). To quantify animal acceleration performance, the momentum‐impulse theorem is applied to data collected from high‐speed video recordings of individuals accelerating from a standstill and over a subsequent distance of 0.4 m. Unlike earlier studies, the momentum‐impulse approach allows one to directly and precisely quantify the per step contribution to …
Antibiotic Administration Alters The Community Structure Of The Gastrointestinal Micobiota, Courtney Robinson, Vincent Young
Antibiotic Administration Alters The Community Structure Of The Gastrointestinal Micobiota, Courtney Robinson, Vincent Young
Department of Biology Faculty Publications
We recently demonstrated that antibiotic administration has a reproducible effect on the community structure of the indigenous gastrointestinal microbiota of mice. In this addendum we report on additional experimentation using the antibiotic vancomycin. In accord with our previous findings, vancomycin administration results in consistent alteration of the microbiota of the cecal contents and the cecal mucosa. These alterations are largely reversed by a three-week period of recovery without antibiotics. In contrast to our previous results using other antibiotics, the alterations in community structure associated with vancomycin occured without a significant decrease in the overall bacterial biomass. These results indicate that …
Zebrafish-Encoded 3- O -Sulfotransferase-3 Isoform Mediates Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Entry And Spread, Kevin Jones
Zebrafish-Encoded 3- O -Sulfotransferase-3 Isoform Mediates Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Entry And Spread, Kevin Jones
Department of Biology Faculty Publications
Heparan sulfate proteoglycans modified by human glucosaminyl 3-O-sulfotransferase-3 (3-OST-3) isoform generates the cellular receptor for herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). Interestingly, the ability of zebrafish (ZF)-encoded 3-OST-3 isoform to modify heparan sulfate to mediate HSV-1 entry and cell-cell fusion has not been determined although it is predominantly expressed in ZF, a popular model organism to study viral infections. Here, we demonstrate that expression of ZF-encoded 3-OST-3 isoform renders the resistant Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) cells to become susceptible for HSV-1 entry. The following lines of evidence support the important role of ZF-encoded 3-OST-3 isoform as the mediator of HSV-1 …
The Evolution Of Human Genetic And Phenotypic Variation In Africa, Michael Campbell, Sarah Tishkoff
The Evolution Of Human Genetic And Phenotypic Variation In Africa, Michael Campbell, Sarah Tishkoff
Department of Biology Faculty Publications
Africa is the birthplace of modern humans, and is the source of the geographic expansion of ancestral populations into other regions of the world. Indigenous Africans are characterized by high levels of genetic diversity within and between populations. The pattern of genetic variation in these populations has been shaped by demographic events occurring over the last 200,000 years. The dramatic variation in climate, diet, and exposure to infectious disease across the continent has also resulted in novel genetic and phenotypic adaptations in extant Africans. This review summarizes some recent advances in our understanding of the demographic history and selective pressures …
Dc Expressing Transgene Foxp3 Are Regulatory Apc, Michael Lipscomb
Dc Expressing Transgene Foxp3 Are Regulatory Apc, Michael Lipscomb
Department of Biology Faculty Publications
Tolerogenic DC and suppressive Foxp3(+) Treg play important roles in preventing autoimmunity and allograft rejection. We report that (adenovirus mediated) ectopic expression of Foxp3 in human DC (i.e. DC.Foxp3) yields an APC that severely limits T-cell proliferation and type-1 immune responses from the naïve, but not memory, pool of responder T cells in vitro. In marked contrast, the frequencies of type-2 and Treg responses were dramatically increased after stimulation of naïve T cells with DC.Foxp3 versus control DC. DC.Foxp3-induced CD4(+)CD25(+) Treg cells potently suppressed the proliferation of, and IFN-gamma production from, CD4(+) and CD8(+) responder T cells. Notably, the immunosuppressive …
Stream Invertebrate Responses To A Catastrophic Decline In Consumer Diversity, Jose Checo Colón-Gaud, Matt R. Whiles, Karen R. Lips, Catherine M. Pringle, Susan Kilham, Roberto Brenes, Scot D. Peterson
Stream Invertebrate Responses To A Catastrophic Decline In Consumer Diversity, Jose Checo Colón-Gaud, Matt R. Whiles, Karen R. Lips, Catherine M. Pringle, Susan Kilham, Roberto Brenes, Scot D. Peterson
Department of Biology Faculty Publications
Tadpoles are often abundant and diverse consumers in headwater streams in the Neotropics. However, their populations are declining catastrophically in many regions, in part because of a chytrid fungal pathogen. These declines are occurring along a moving disease front in Central America and offer the rare opportunity to quantify the consequences of a sudden, dramatic decline in consumer diversity in a natural system. As part of the Tropical Amphibian Declines in Streams (TADS) project, we examined stream macroinvertebrate assemblage structure and production for 2 y in 4 stream reaches at 2 sites in Panama. One site initially had healthy amphibians …