Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Keyword
-
- Microtubules (2)
- 3-D modeling (1)
- Aluminium toxicity (1)
- Arabidopsis thaliana (1)
- Bats (1)
-
- Birds (1)
- Bite force (1)
- Bone density (1)
- Bone strength (1)
- CESA complexes (1)
- Cell death (1)
- Cell expansion (1)
- Cell walls (1)
- Chiroptera (1)
- Craniofacial development (1)
- DNA damage (1)
- Development (1)
- Elongation (1)
- Endocrine disruptors (1)
- Environmental chemicals (1)
- Facial growth (1)
- Feeding performance (1)
- Gli (1)
- Incubation (1)
- Lever mechanics (1)
- Local adaptation (1)
- Mitosis (1)
- Morphology (1)
- Neural tube (1)
- Ontogeny (1)
Articles 1 - 14 of 14
Full-Text Articles in Biology
Genomic Patterns Of Nucleotide Diversity In Divergent Populations Of U.S. Weedy Rice, Michael Reagon, Carrie Thurber, Brian Gross, Kenneth Olsen, Yulin Jia, Ana Caicedo
Genomic Patterns Of Nucleotide Diversity In Divergent Populations Of U.S. Weedy Rice, Michael Reagon, Carrie Thurber, Brian Gross, Kenneth Olsen, Yulin Jia, Ana Caicedo
Biology Department Faculty Publication Series
Background: Weedy rice (red rice), a conspecific weed of cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.), is a significant problem throughout the world and an emerging threat in regions where it was previously absent. Despite belonging to the same species complex as domesticated rice and its wild relatives, the evolutionary origins of weedy rice remain unclear. We use genome-wide patterns of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) variation in a broad geographic sample of weedy, domesticated, and wild Oryza samples to infer the origin and demographic processes influencing U.S. weedy rice evolution. Results: We find greater population structure than has been previously reported for …
Treatment Of Batch In The Detection, Calibration, And Quantification Of Immunoassays In Large-Scale Epidemiologic Studies, Brian W. Whitcomb, Neil J. Perkins, Paul S. Alpert, Enrique F. Schisterman
Treatment Of Batch In The Detection, Calibration, And Quantification Of Immunoassays In Large-Scale Epidemiologic Studies, Brian W. Whitcomb, Neil J. Perkins, Paul S. Alpert, Enrique F. Schisterman
Biology Department Faculty Publication Series
No abstract provided.
Gravitropism Of Arabidopsis Thaliana Roots Requires The Polarization Of Pin2 Toward The Root Tip In Meristematic Cortical Cells, A Rahman, M Takahashi, K Shibasaki, Sa Wu, T Inaba, S Tsurumi, Ti Baskin
Gravitropism Of Arabidopsis Thaliana Roots Requires The Polarization Of Pin2 Toward The Root Tip In Meristematic Cortical Cells, A Rahman, M Takahashi, K Shibasaki, Sa Wu, T Inaba, S Tsurumi, Ti Baskin
Biology Department Faculty Publication Series
In the root, the transport of auxin from the tip to the elongation zone, referred to here as shootward, governs gravitropic bending. Shootward polar auxin transport, and hence gravitropism, depends on the polar deployment of the PIN-FORMED auxin efflux carrier PIN2. In Arabidopsis thaliana, PIN2 has the expected shootward localization in epidermis and lateral root cap; however, this carrier is localized toward the root tip (rootward) in cortical cells of the meristem, a deployment whose function is enigmatic. We use pharmacological and genetic tools to cause a shootward relocation of PIN2 in meristematic cortical cells without detectably altering PIN2 polarization …
Bone Density And The Lightweight Skeletons Of Birds, Elizabeth R. Dumont
Bone Density And The Lightweight Skeletons Of Birds, Elizabeth R. Dumont
Biology Department Faculty Publication Series
The skeletons of birds are universally described as lightweight as a result of selection for minimizing the energy required for flight. From a functional perspective, the weight (mass) of an animal relative to its lift-generating surfaces is a key determinant of the metabolic cost of flight. The evolution of birds has been characterized by many weight-saving adaptations that are reflected in bone shape, many of which strengthen and stiffen the skeleton. Although largely unstudied in birds, the material properties of bone tissue can also contribute to bone strength and stiffness. In this study, I calculated the density of the cranium, …
Identification Of A Cellulose Synthase-Associated Protein Required For Cellulose Biosynthesis, Y Gu, N Kaplinsky, M Bringmann, A Cobb, A Carroll, A Sampathkumar, Ti Baskin, S Persson, Cr Somerville
Identification Of A Cellulose Synthase-Associated Protein Required For Cellulose Biosynthesis, Y Gu, N Kaplinsky, M Bringmann, A Cobb, A Carroll, A Sampathkumar, Ti Baskin, S Persson, Cr Somerville
Biology Department Faculty Publication Series
Cellulose synthase-interactive protein 1 (CSI1) was identified in a two-hybrid screen for proteins that interact with cellulose synthase (CESA) isoforms involved in primary plant cell wall synthesis. CSI1 encodes a 2,150-amino acid protein that contains 10 predicted Armadillo repeats and a C2 domain. Mutations in CSI1 cause defective cell elongation in hypocotyls and roots and reduce cellulose content. CSI1 is associated with CESA complexes, and csi1 mutants affect the distribution and movement of CESA complexes in the plasma membrane.
Myosin Xi Is Essential For Tip Growth In Physcomitrella Patens, L Vidali, Gm Burkart, Rc Augustine, E Kerdavid, E Tuzel, M Bezanilla
Myosin Xi Is Essential For Tip Growth In Physcomitrella Patens, L Vidali, Gm Burkart, Rc Augustine, E Kerdavid, E Tuzel, M Bezanilla
Biology Department Faculty Publication Series
Class XI myosins are plant specific and responsible for cytoplasmic streaming. Because of the large number of myosin XI genes in angiosperms, it has been difficult to determine their precise role, particularly with respect to tip growth. The moss Physcomitrella patens provides an ideal system to study myosin XI function. P. patens has only two myosin XI genes, and these genes encode proteins that are 94% identical to each other. To determine their role in tip growth, we used RNA interference to specifically silence each myosin XI gene using 59 untranslated region sequences. We discovered that the two myosin XI …
Predicting Bite Force In Mammals: Two-Dimensional Versus Three-Dimensional Lever Models, Jl Davis, Se Santana, Er Dumont, Ir Grosse
Predicting Bite Force In Mammals: Two-Dimensional Versus Three-Dimensional Lever Models, Jl Davis, Se Santana, Er Dumont, Ir Grosse
Biology Department Faculty Publication Series
Bite force is a measure of whole-organism performance that is often used to investigate the relationships between performance, morphology and fitness. When in vivo measurements of bite force are unavailable, researchers often turn to lever models to predict bite forces. This study demonstrates that bite force predictions based on two-dimensional (2-D) lever models can be improved by including three-dimensional (3-D) geometry and realistic physiological cross-sectional areas derived from dissections. Widely used, the 2-D method does a reasonable job of predicting bite force. However, it does so by over predicting physiological cross-sectional areas for the masseter and pterygoid muscles and under …
Microanatomical Assessment Of Nasomaxillary Suture Patency, Timothy D. Smith, Anne M. Burrows, Elizabeth R. Dumont
Microanatomical Assessment Of Nasomaxillary Suture Patency, Timothy D. Smith, Anne M. Burrows, Elizabeth R. Dumont
Biology Department Faculty Publication Series
No abstract provided.
The Transcriptional Repressor Rest/Nrsf Modulates Hedgehog Signaling, Keith P. Gates, Laura Mentzer, Rolf O. Karlstrom, Howard I. Sirotkin
The Transcriptional Repressor Rest/Nrsf Modulates Hedgehog Signaling, Keith P. Gates, Laura Mentzer, Rolf O. Karlstrom, Howard I. Sirotkin
Biology Department Faculty Publication Series
The spatial and temporal control of gene expression is key to generation of specific cellular fates during development. Studies of the transcriptional repressor REST/NRSF (RE1 Silencing Transcription Factor or Neural Restrictive Silencing Factor) have provided important insight into the role that epigenetic modifications play in differential gene expression. However, the precise function of REST during embryonic development is not well understood. We have discovered a novel interaction between zebrafish Rest and the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway. We observed that Rest knockdown enhances or represses Hh signaling in a context-dependant manner. In wild-type embryos and embryos with elevated Hh signaling, Rest …
Polymer Microlenses For Quantifying Cell Sheet Mechanics, Guillaume Miquelard-Garnier, Jessica A. Zimberlin, Christian B. Sikora, Patricia Wadsworth, Alfred Crosby
Polymer Microlenses For Quantifying Cell Sheet Mechanics, Guillaume Miquelard-Garnier, Jessica A. Zimberlin, Christian B. Sikora, Patricia Wadsworth, Alfred Crosby
Biology Department Faculty Publication Series
Mechanical interactions between individual cells and their substrate have been studied extensively over the past decade; however, understanding how these interactions change as cells interact with neighboring cells in the development of a cell sheet, or early stage tissue, is less developed. We use a recently developed experimental technique for quantifying the mechanics of confluent cell sheets. Living cells are cultured on a thin film of polystyrene [PS], which is attached to a patterned substrate of crosslinked poly(dimethyl siloxane) [PDMS] microwells. As cells attach to the substrate and begin to form a sheet, they apply sufficient contractile force to buckle …
Environmental Chemicals Targeting Thyroid, Thomas R. Zoeller
Environmental Chemicals Targeting Thyroid, Thomas R. Zoeller
Biology Department Faculty Publication Series
Thyroid hormones (THs) are required for normal brain and somatic development and for the proper regulation of physiology in both children and adults. Thyroid function is controlled by the dynamic interrelationships between the hypothalamus, the pituitary and the thyroid. These dynamic relationships maintain circulating levels of THs within a narrow range under normal conditions. Normally, there is likely to be a tight relationship between changes in circulating levels of THs and changes in TH action in various target tissues. This relationship is maintained by tissue-level mechanisms that include TH metabolism and transport. Environmental chemicals that interfere with TH signaling mechanisms …
Aluminium Reduces Sugar Uptake In Tobacco Cell Cultures: A Potential Cause Of Inhibited Elongation But Not Of Toxicity, R Abdel-Basset, S Ozuka, T Demiral, T Furuichi, I Sawatani, Ti Baskin, H Matsumoto, Y Yamamoto
Aluminium Reduces Sugar Uptake In Tobacco Cell Cultures: A Potential Cause Of Inhibited Elongation But Not Of Toxicity, R Abdel-Basset, S Ozuka, T Demiral, T Furuichi, I Sawatani, Ti Baskin, H Matsumoto, Y Yamamoto
Biology Department Faculty Publication Series
Aluminium is well known to inhibit plant elongation, but the role in this inhibition played by water relations remains unclear. To investigate this, tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) suspension-cultured cells (line SL) was used, treating them with aluminium (50 mM) in a medium containing calcium, sucrose, and MES (pH 5.0). Over an 18 h treatment period, aluminium inhibited the increase in fresh weight almost completely and decreased cellular osmolality and internal soluble sugar content substantially; however, aluminium did not affect the concentrations of major inorganic ions. In aluminium-treated cultures, fresh weight, soluble sugar content, and osmolality decreased over the first 6 …
A Conditional Mutation In Arabidopsis Thaliana Separase Induces Chromosome Non-Disjunction, Aberrant Morphogenesis And Cyclin B1;1 Stability, S Wu, Wr Scheible, D Schindelasch, H Van Den Daele, L De Veylder, Ti Baskin
A Conditional Mutation In Arabidopsis Thaliana Separase Induces Chromosome Non-Disjunction, Aberrant Morphogenesis And Cyclin B1;1 Stability, S Wu, Wr Scheible, D Schindelasch, H Van Den Daele, L De Veylder, Ti Baskin
Biology Department Faculty Publication Series
The caspase family protease, separase, is required at anaphase onset to cleave the cohesin complex, which joins sister chromatids. However, among eukaryotes, separases have acquired novel functions. Here, we show that Arabidopsis thaliana radially swollen 4 (rsw4), a temperature-sensitive mutant isolated previously on the basis of root swelling, harbors a mutation in At4g22970, the A. thaliana separase. Loss of separase function in rsw4 at the restrictive temperature is indicated by the widespread failure of replicated chromosomes to disjoin. Surprisingly, rsw4 has neither pronounced cell cycle arrest nor anomalous spindle formation, which occur in other eukaryotes upon loss of separase activity. …
The Contributions Of Evolutionary Divergence And Phenotypic Plasticity To Geographic Variation In The Western Fence Lizard, Sceloporus Occidentalis, Christine R. Buckley, Duncan J. Irschick, Stephen C. Adolph
The Contributions Of Evolutionary Divergence And Phenotypic Plasticity To Geographic Variation In The Western Fence Lizard, Sceloporus Occidentalis, Christine R. Buckley, Duncan J. Irschick, Stephen C. Adolph
Biology Department Faculty Publication Series
Local genetic adaptation and phenotypic plasticity are two mechanisms that can have marked effects on the morphology, performance, and behaviour of animals, producing geographic variation among populations. However, few studies have examined how these mechanisms interact during ontogeny to shape organismal phenotypes. We incubated eggs of the western fence lizard, Sceloporus occidentalis, from four populations (representing two latitudes and altitudes) in either a warm or cool environment in the laboratory. We then raised the hatchlings under common laboratory conditions, measured morphological and performance traits until 5 weeks of age, and compared juvenile morphology with that of field-caught adults from …