Biology Commons^™

The Repetitive Component Of The Sunflower Genome As Shown By Different Procedures For Assembling Next Generation Sequencing Reads, Lucia Natali, Rosa Maria Cossu, Elena Barghini, Tommaso Giordani, Matteo Buti, Flavia Mascagni, Michele Morgante, Navdeep Gill, Nolan Kane, Loren Rieseberg, Andrea Cavallini

Biology Faculty Articles

Background

Next generation sequencing provides a powerful tool to study genome structure in species whose genomes are far from being completely sequenced. In this work we describe and compare different computational approaches to evaluate the repetitive component of the genome of sunflower, by using medium/low coverage Illumina or 454 libraries.

Results

By varying sequencing technology (Illumina or 454), coverage (0.55 x-1.25 x), assemblers and assembly procedures, six different genomic databases were produced. The annotation of these databases showed that they were composed of different proportions of repetitive DNA families. The final assembly of the sequences belonging to the six databases …

Exploring Life And Death At The Cellular Level: An Examination Of How Our Cells Can Live Without Us, Emily F. Schmitt Lavin

Biology Faculty Articles

No abstract provided.

Transposon Fingerprinting Using Low Coverage Whole Genome Shotgun Sequencing In Cacao (Theobroma Cacao L.) And Related Species, Saemundur Sveinsson, Navdeep Gill, Nolan Kane, Quentin Cronk

Biology Faculty Articles

Background

Transposable elements (TEs) and other repetitive elements are a large and dynamically evolving part of eukaryotic genomes, especially in plants where they can account for a significant proportion of genome size. Their dynamic nature gives them the potential for use in identifying and characterizing crop germplasm. However, their repetitive nature makes them challenging to study using conventional methods of molecular biology. Next generation sequencing and new computational tools have greatly facilitated the investigation of TE variation within species and among closely related species.

Results

(i) We generated low-coverage Illumina whole genome shotgun sequencing reads for multiple individuals of cacao …

Allelopathy As An Emergent, Exploitable Public Good In The Bloom-Forming Microalga Prymnesium Parvum, William W. Driscoll, Noelle J. Espinosa, Omar T. Eldakar, Jeremiah D. Hackett

Biology Faculty Articles

Many microbes cooperatively secrete extracellular products that favorably modify their environment. Consistent with social evolution theory, structured habitats play a role in maintaining these traits in microbial model systems, by localizing the benefits and separating strains that invest in these products from ‘cheater’ strains that benefit without paying the cost. It is thus surprising that many unicellular, well-mixed microalgal populations invest in extracellular toxins that confer ecological benefits upon the entire population, for example, by eliminating nutrient competitors (allelopathy). Here we test the hypotheses that microalgal exotoxins are (1) exploitable public goods that benefit all cells, regardless of investment, or …

Evidence For The Requirement Of 14-3-3eta (Ywhah) In Meiotic Spindle Assembly During Mouse Oocyte Maturation, Santanu De, Douglas Kline

Biology Faculty Articles

Background

The 14-3-3 (YWHA) proteins are central mediators in various cellular signaling pathways regulating development and growth, including cell cycle regulation. We previously reported that all seven mammalian 14-3-3 isoforms are expressed in mouse oocytes and eggs and that, 14-3-3η (YWHAH) accumulates and co-localizes in the region of meiotic spindle in mouse eggs matured in vivo. Therefore, we investigated the role of 14-3-3η in spindle formation during mouse oocyte maturation.

Results

Examination of oocytes matured in vitro demonstrated that 14-3-3η accumulates in both meiosis I and II spindles. To explore if 14-3-3η interacts directly with α-tubulin in meiotic spindles, …

Trans-Species Activity Of A Nonself Recognition Domain, Robert P. Smith, Kenji Wellman, Myron L. Smith

Biology Faculty Articles

Background: The ability to distinguish nonself from self is a fundamental characteristic of biological systems. In the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa, multiple incompatibility genes mediate nonself recognition during vegetative growth. One of these genes, un-24, encodes both nonself recognition function and the large subunit of a type I ribonucleotide reductase, an evolutionarily conserved enzyme that is essential for the conversion of NDP precursors into dNDPs for use in DNA synthesis. Previous studies have shown that co-expression of the two allelic forms of un-24, Oakridge (OR) and Panama (PA), in the same cell results …

When Hawks Give Rise To Doves: The Evolution Of Enforcement Strategies, Omar Tonsi Eldakar, W. W. Driscoll, A. C. Gallup

Biology Faculty Articles

The question of how altruism can evolve despite its local disadvantage to selfishness has produced a wealth of theoretical and empirical research capturing the attention of scientists across disciplines for decades. One feature that has remained consistent through this outpouring of knowledge has been that researchers have looked to the altruists themselves for mechanisms by which altruism can curtail selfishness. An alternative perspective may be that just as altruists want to limit selfishness in the population, so may the selfish individuals themselves. These alternative perspectives have been most evident in the fairly recent development of enforcement strategies. Punishment can effectively …

The Thermoregulatory Theory Of Yawning: What We Know From Over Five Years Of Research, Andrew C. Gallup, Omar Tonsi Eldakar

Biology Faculty Articles

Over the past 5 years numerous reports have confirmed and replicated the specific brain cooling and thermal window predictions derived from the thermoregulatory theory of yawning, and no study has found evidence contrary to these findings. Here we review the comparative research supporting this model of yawning among homeotherms, while highlighting a recent report showing how the expression of contagious yawning in humans is altered by seasonal climate variation. The fact that yawning is constrained to a thermal window of ambient temperature provides unique and compelling support in favor of this theory. Heretofore, no existing alternative hypothesis of yawning can …