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Factors Influencing Venom Expenditure During Defensive Bites By Cottonmouths (Agkistrodon Piscivorus) And Rattlesnakes (Crotalus Viridis, Crotalus Atrox), Shelton Scott Herbert
Factors Influencing Venom Expenditure During Defensive Bites By Cottonmouths (Agkistrodon Piscivorus) And Rattlesnakes (Crotalus Viridis, Crotalus Atrox), Shelton Scott Herbert
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
Although the quantity of venom expended when biting is an important aspect of the natural history of snakes, little is known regarding the quantities of venom expended during bites. Recent studies have shown that rattlesnakes appear capable of selectively allocating their venom reserves during predatory strikes, metering more venom into certain prey types and less into others. Despite much speculation, the quantities of venom expended during defensive bites are poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to examine the factors that influence venom expenditure during defensive bites by cottonmouths (Agkistrodon piscivorus), western rattlesnakes (Crotalus viridis) and western diamondbacks …
Ventilation Behavior Of The Mantis Shrimp, Hemisquilla Ensigera Californiensis In Hypoxic Burrows, Tamara L. Richter
Ventilation Behavior Of The Mantis Shrimp, Hemisquilla Ensigera Californiensis In Hypoxic Burrows, Tamara L. Richter
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
The burrow-dwelling mantis shrimp, Hemisquilla ensigera californiensis, is an environmentally challenged marine species due to the fact it inhabits burrows located beneath the surface of the sediment where oxygen pressure is low and easily depleted. This experiment revealed that burrow oxygen pressure (pO2) is frequently hypoxic and can become anoxic. Average pO2 within the burrow is between 40-50 mm Hg and may drop below 10 mm Hg even if the burrow isn't capped. When capped, p02 rapidly drops to 0 mm Hg within two hours. Low pO2 does not result in decreased animal activity, …