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Full-Text Articles in Biology
Spring-Fed Stream Benthic Macroinvertebrate Communities As Early Biological Indicators Of Groundwater Tipping Points., Rosemary A. Burk, Jan Kallberg, James H. Kennedy
Spring-Fed Stream Benthic Macroinvertebrate Communities As Early Biological Indicators Of Groundwater Tipping Points., Rosemary A. Burk, Jan Kallberg, James H. Kennedy
Rosemary A. Burk
In 2007, a 20-county area encompassing the Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex was designated by the State as a Priority Groundwater Management Area (PGMA) in need of implementing strategies for groundwater conservation. The newly created PGMA’s population is expected to increase from 5.5 million in 2000 to 9.5 million by 2030 with projected water needs rising from 1,677 million m3 in 2000 to 3,034 million m3 by 2030 according to a study by Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ). The Trinity Aquifer supplied 73% of the area’s groundwater in 2000, with the aquifer outcrop zone being highly susceptible to anthropogenic sources of …
Acoustic Communication In The Asian Elephant, Elephas Maximus Maximus, Shermin De Silva
Acoustic Communication In The Asian Elephant, Elephas Maximus Maximus, Shermin De Silva
Shermin de Silva
Existing knowledge of acoustic communication in elephants is based primarily on African species (Loxodonta africana and Loxodonta cyclotis). There has been comparatively less study of communication in Asian elephants (Elephas maximus). In order to provide a basis for understanding the evolution and function of acoustic communication in proboscideans, I present a quantitative description of vocal communication in wild Asian elephants. I classify calls by acoustic features into 8 ‘single’ calls, 5 ‘combination’ calls and one possibly unique male call for a total of at least 14 distinct call types. Some of these vocalizations have never before been described. Certain low-frequency …