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Articles 1 - 5 of 5
Full-Text Articles in Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Structural Biology
Structural Insights Into Host-Pathogen Interactions Of Alphaviruses, Katherine Basore
Structural Insights Into Host-Pathogen Interactions Of Alphaviruses, Katherine Basore
Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Alphaviruses are arthropod-borne, single-stranded positive-sense RNA viruses of the Togaviridae family that infect various vertebrates worldwide in tropical and temperate areas, causing emerging and reemerging diseases in humans. Mature virions are 70 nm in diameter and contain a ~11-kilobase genome encapsidated within a nucleocapsid core, a host-derived lipid bilayer, and an envelope comprised of heterodimers of the glycoproteins E1 and E2 arranged into trimeric spikes with T=4 icosahedral symmetry. Alphaviruses are categorized into two groups based on their clinical symptoms: the arthritogenic alphaviruses, such as chikungunya (CHIKV), Mayaro (MAYV), Ross River (RRV), Semliki Forest (SFV), and O’nyong-nyong (ONNV) viruses, which …
Engineering Natural Competence Into The Fast-Growing Cyanobacterium Synechococcus Elongatus Utex 2973, Kristen Elizabeth Wendt
Engineering Natural Competence Into The Fast-Growing Cyanobacterium Synechococcus Elongatus Utex 2973, Kristen Elizabeth Wendt
Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Synechococcus elongatus UTEX 2973 is the fastest growing cyanobacterium discovered to date. Using water, carbon dioxide, and light alone, this organism can double in 1.5 hours under optimal conditions. The accelerated doubling exhibited by Synechococcus 2973 makes it a prime candidate to serve as a model photoautotrophic system. However, Synechococcus 2973 lacks one highly desirable feature: it cannot undergo natural transformation. This thesis seeks to engineer this capacity into this fast-growing system in order to create an organism that is both fast growing and naturally competent. Synechococcus 2973 is a unique platform because it is >99% genetically identical to another …
Mitochondrial Morphology, Oxidative Stress Resistance, And Pathogenesis In Cryptococcus Neoformans, Andrew Lee Chang
Mitochondrial Morphology, Oxidative Stress Resistance, And Pathogenesis In Cryptococcus Neoformans, Andrew Lee Chang
Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Cryptococcus neoformans is an important pathogen that annually kills 200,000 people worldwide. It survives in the environment as a yeast or spore and can also proliferate within host macrophages after being inhaled into the lungs. In conditions of immunocompromise, cryptococcal cells can escape from the lungs to the brain, where they cause a deadly meningoencephalitis that is both difficult and expensive to treat. Cryptococcal adaptation to the harsh lung environment is a critical first step in its pathogenesis, and consequently a compelling topic of study. This adaptation is mediated by a complex transcriptional program that integrates cellular responses to environmental …
Molecular Insights Into Microbial Adhesion, Roger Davies Klein
Molecular Insights Into Microbial Adhesion, Roger Davies Klein
Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections are a serious and immediate threat to global public health. In the United States alone, over 2 million individuals develop antibiotic-resistant infections annually, resulting in 23,000 deaths and $20 billion in excess health care costs. Virulence factors that allow bacteria to invade and persist within the host are promising targets for novel antimicrobial agents that could be used to curb the spread of antibiotic resistance. Development of therapeutics that can selectively eliminate pathogenic bacteria while sparing the beneficial host microbiota requires a detailed molecular understanding of critical virulence factors that facilitate interactions between pathogens and their environments. …
Development Of An In Vitro Culture System For Cryptosporidium Parvum, Georgia Wilke
Development Of An In Vitro Culture System For Cryptosporidium Parvum, Georgia Wilke
Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Cryptosporidium is a genus of protozoan parasites that causes diarrheal disease in humans and other animals. There are two major species that cause disease in humans: C. parvum, which infects both humans and animals, and C. hominis, which primarily infects humans. A recent study investigating the etiologies of pediatric diarrheal illness in Africa and South Asia found that Cryptosporidium is the 2nd most prevalent cause of diarrhea in infants and may be a contributing factor to chronic malnutrition. This discovery has led to renewed interest in studying this parasite and a reexamination of the barriers to studying Cryptosporidium. The main …