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Articles 1 - 30 of 121
Full-Text Articles in Meat Science
Evaluation Of Salmonella Biofilm Cell Transfer From Common Food Contact Surfaces To Beef Products, Rong Wong, David A. King, Norasak Kalchayanand
Evaluation Of Salmonella Biofilm Cell Transfer From Common Food Contact Surfaces To Beef Products, Rong Wong, David A. King, Norasak Kalchayanand
Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports
Meat contamination by Salmonella enterica is a serious public health concern. Available data have suggested that biofilm formation at processing plants and contaminated contact surfaces might contribute to meat contamination. Because transfer from contact surfaces to food products via direct contact has been deemed the most common bacteria transmission route that can lead to contamination, we evaluated the effect of Salmonella biofilm forming ability, contact surface material, and beef surface tissue type on Salmonella biofilm transfer from hard surfaces to beef products. Salmonella biofilms developed on the common contact surfaces stainless steel (SS) and polyvinylchloride (PVC) were transferred consecutively via …
Comparison Of Methods To Estimate Ruminal Degradation And Intestinal Digestibility Of Protein In Hydrolyzed Feather Meal With Or Without Blood, Kassidy Buse, D. L. Morris, H. L. Diaz, O. R. Drehmel, Paul J. Kononoff
Comparison Of Methods To Estimate Ruminal Degradation And Intestinal Digestibility Of Protein In Hydrolyzed Feather Meal With Or Without Blood, Kassidy Buse, D. L. Morris, H. L. Diaz, O. R. Drehmel, Paul J. Kononoff
Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications
Hydrolyzed feather meal (HFM) is a feedstuff high in rumen undegraded protein (RUP) that can be used as an effective source of metabolizable protein for dairy cattle. Because the production process may vary, the rumen degradability and intestinal digestibility of HFM may also vary. Additionally, some processes may incorporate additional blood into the final product to result in feather meal with poultry blood. To determine the rumen degradability and intestinal digestibility of these products, several laboratory assays can be used; the common assays are the mobile bag (MOB), modified three-step (MTS), and Ross (ROS) assays. Although all 3 assays determine …
Inflammatory Mediation Of Heat Stress-Induced Growth Deficits In Livestock And Its Potential Role As A Target For Nutritional Interventions: A Review, Micah S. Most, Dustin T. Yates
Inflammatory Mediation Of Heat Stress-Induced Growth Deficits In Livestock And Its Potential Role As A Target For Nutritional Interventions: A Review, Micah S. Most, Dustin T. Yates
Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications
Heat stress is detrimental to well-being and growth performance in livestock, and systemic inflammation arising during chronic heat stress contributes to these poor outcomes. Sustained exposure of muscle and other tissues to inflammation can impair the cellular processes that facilitate muscle growth and intramuscular fat deposition, thus reducing carcass quality and yield. Climate change is expected to produce more frequent extreme heat events, increasing the potential impact of heat stress on sustainable livestock production. Feedlot animals are at particularly high risk for heat stress, as confinement limits their ability to seek cooling from the shade, water, or breeze. Economically practical …
The Price Of Surviving On Adrenaline: Developmental Programming Responses To Chronic Fetal Hypercatecholaminemia Contribute To Poor Muscle Growth Capacity And Metabolic Dysfunction In Iugr-Born Offspring, Rachel L. Gibbs, Dustin T. Yates
The Price Of Surviving On Adrenaline: Developmental Programming Responses To Chronic Fetal Hypercatecholaminemia Contribute To Poor Muscle Growth Capacity And Metabolic Dysfunction In Iugr-Born Offspring, Rachel L. Gibbs, Dustin T. Yates
Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications
Maternofetal stress induces fetal programming that restricts skeletal muscle growth capacity and metabolic function, resulting in intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) of the fetus. This thrifty phenotype aids fetal survival but also yields reduced muscle mass and metabolic dysfunction after birth. Consequently, IUGR-born individuals are at greater lifelong risk for metabolic disorders that reduce quality of life. In livestock, IUGR-born animals exhibit poor growth efficiency and body composition, making these animals more costly and less valuable. Specifically, IUGR-associated programming causes a greater propensity for fat deposition and a reduced capacity for muscle accretion. This, combined with metabolic inefficiency, means that these …
Transcriptome Profiles Of The Skeletal Muscle Of Mature Cows During Feed Restriction And Realimentation, Hannah C. Cunningham-Hollinger, Larry A. Kuehn, Kristi M. Cammack, Kristin E. Hales, William T. Oliver, Matthew S. Crouse, Celine Chen, Harvey C. Freetly, Amanda K. Lindholm-Perry
Transcriptome Profiles Of The Skeletal Muscle Of Mature Cows During Feed Restriction And Realimentation, Hannah C. Cunningham-Hollinger, Larry A. Kuehn, Kristi M. Cammack, Kristin E. Hales, William T. Oliver, Matthew S. Crouse, Celine Chen, Harvey C. Freetly, Amanda K. Lindholm-Perry
Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports
Objective: Realimentation can compensate for weight loss from poor-quality feedstuffs or drought. Mature cows fluctuate in body weight throughout the year due to nutrient availability. The objective of this study was to determine whether cows that differ in weight gain during realimentation also differ in the abundance of transcripts for enzymes associated with energy utilization in skeletal muscle. Mature cows were subjected to feed restriction followed by ad libitum feed. Skeletal muscle transcriptome expression differences during the two feeding periods were determined from cows with greater (n = 6) and less (n = 6) weight gain during the ad libitum …
Biomarkers For Resistance To Porcine Circovirus 2 Associated Disease, Daniel Constantin Ciobanu, Lianna Rayne Walker, Taylor Benjamin Engle, Hiep Vu
Biomarkers For Resistance To Porcine Circovirus 2 Associated Disease, Daniel Constantin Ciobanu, Lianna Rayne Walker, Taylor Benjamin Engle, Hiep Vu
Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications
The present disclosure provides compositions and methods for increasing resistance to PCV2 infection in pigs. The increased resistance may be the result of siRNA or genetic modification through CRISPR or a vectored virus targeting SNPs that are resistant to PCV2 infection.
Considerations And Best Practices In Animal Science 16s Ribosomal Rna Gene Sequencing Microbiome Studies, Margaret D. Weinroth, Aeriel D. Belk, Chris Dean, Noelle Noyes, Dana K. Dittoe, Michael J. Rothrock Jr, Steven C. Ricke, Phillip R. Myer, Madison T. Henniger, Gustavo A. Ramírez, Brian B. Oakley, Katie Lynn Summers, Asha M. Miles, Taylor B. Ault-Seay, Zhongtang Yu, Jessica L. Metcalf, James E. Wells
Considerations And Best Practices In Animal Science 16s Ribosomal Rna Gene Sequencing Microbiome Studies, Margaret D. Weinroth, Aeriel D. Belk, Chris Dean, Noelle Noyes, Dana K. Dittoe, Michael J. Rothrock Jr, Steven C. Ricke, Phillip R. Myer, Madison T. Henniger, Gustavo A. Ramírez, Brian B. Oakley, Katie Lynn Summers, Asha M. Miles, Taylor B. Ault-Seay, Zhongtang Yu, Jessica L. Metcalf, James E. Wells
Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports
Microbiome studies in animal science using 16S rRNA gene sequencing have become increasingly common in recent years as sequencing costs continue to fall and bioinformatic tools become more powerful and user-friendly. The combination of molecular biology, microbiology, microbial ecology, computer science, and bioinformatics—in addition to the traditional considerations when conducting an animal science study—makes microbiome studies sometimes intimidating due to the intersection of different fields. The objective of this review is to serve as a jumping-off point for those animal scientists less familiar with 16S rRNA gene sequencing and analyses and to bring up common issues and concerns that arise …
Twenty-Four-Month Longitudinal Study Suggests Little To No Horizontal Gene Transfer In Situ Between Third-Generation Cephalosporin-Resistant Salmonella And Third-Generation Cephalosporin-Resistant Escherichia Coli In A Beef Cattle Feedyard, John W. Schmidt, Sarah A. Murray, Aaron M. Dickey, Tommy L. Wheeler, Dayna M. Harhay, Terrance M. Arthur
Twenty-Four-Month Longitudinal Study Suggests Little To No Horizontal Gene Transfer In Situ Between Third-Generation Cephalosporin-Resistant Salmonella And Third-Generation Cephalosporin-Resistant Escherichia Coli In A Beef Cattle Feedyard, John W. Schmidt, Sarah A. Murray, Aaron M. Dickey, Tommy L. Wheeler, Dayna M. Harhay, Terrance M. Arthur
Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports
Third-generation cephalosporins (3GCs) are preferred treatments for serious human Salmonella enterica infections. Beef cattle are suspected to contribute to human 3GC-resistant Salmonella infections. Commensal 3GC-resistant Escherichia coli are thought to act as reservoirs of 3GC resistance because these strains are isolated more frequently than are 3GC-resistant Salmonella strains at beef cattle feedyards. During each of 24 consecutive months, four samples of pen surface material were obtained from five pens (N = 480) at a Nebraska feedyard to determine to the contribution of 3GC-resistant E. coli to the occurrence of 3GC-resistant Salmonella. Illumina whole genome sequencing was performed, and …
Protein Kinase A And 59 Amp-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Pathways Exert Opposite Effects On Induction Of Autophagy In Luteal Cells, Emilia Przygrodzka, Corrine F. Monaco, Michele R. Plewes, Guojuan Li, Jennifer R. Wood, Andrea Cupp, John S. Davis
Protein Kinase A And 59 Amp-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Pathways Exert Opposite Effects On Induction Of Autophagy In Luteal Cells, Emilia Przygrodzka, Corrine F. Monaco, Michele R. Plewes, Guojuan Li, Jennifer R. Wood, Andrea Cupp, John S. Davis
Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications
In the absence of pregnancy the ovarian corpus luteum undergoes regression, a process characterized by decreased production of progesterone and structural luteolysis involving apoptosis. Autophagy has been observed in the corpus luteum during luteal regression. Autophagy is a self-degradative process important for balancing sources of cellular energy at critical times in development and in response to nutrient stress, but it can also lead to apoptosis. Mechanistic target of rapamycin (MTOR) and 5′ AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), key players in autophagy, are known to inhibit or activate autophagy, respectively. Here, we analyzed the signaling pathways regulating the initiation of autophagy in …
Going Up Inflame: Reviewing The Underexplored Role Of Inflammatory Programming In Stress-Induced Intrauterine Growth Restricted Livestock, Zena M. Hicks, Dustin T. Yates
Going Up Inflame: Reviewing The Underexplored Role Of Inflammatory Programming In Stress-Induced Intrauterine Growth Restricted Livestock, Zena M. Hicks, Dustin T. Yates
Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications
The impact of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) on health in humans is well-recognized. It is the second leading cause of perinatal mortality worldwide, and it is associated with deficits in metabolism and muscle growth that increase lifelong risk for hypertension, obesity, hyperlipidemia, and type 2 diabetes. Comparatively, the barrier that IUGR imposes on livestock production is less recognized by the industry. Meat animals born with low birthweight due to IUGR are beset with greater early death loss, inefficient growth, and reduced carcass merit. These animals exhibit poor feed-to-gain ratios, less lean mass, and greater fat deposition, which increase production costs …
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A 165 Rescues Steroids, Inflammation And Follicle Arrest In High Androstenedione Cows, Mohamed A. Abedal-Majed, Shelby A. Springman, Courtney M. Sutton, Alexandria P. Snider, Brooke E. Bell, Mariah Hart, Scott G. Kurz, Jeffrey Bergman, Adam F. Summers, Renee M. Mcfee, John S. Davis, Jennifer R. Wood, Andrea S. Cupp
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A 165 Rescues Steroids, Inflammation And Follicle Arrest In High Androstenedione Cows, Mohamed A. Abedal-Majed, Shelby A. Springman, Courtney M. Sutton, Alexandria P. Snider, Brooke E. Bell, Mariah Hart, Scott G. Kurz, Jeffrey Bergman, Adam F. Summers, Renee M. Mcfee, John S. Davis, Jennifer R. Wood, Andrea S. Cupp
Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications
A population of cows with excess androstenedione (A4; High A4) in follicular fluid, with follicular arrest, granulosa cell dysfunction, and a 17% reduction in calving rate was previously identified. We hypothesized that excess A4 in the ovarian microenvironment caused the follicular arrest in High A4 cows and that vascular endothelial growth factor A would rescue the High A4 phenotype. In trial 1, prior to culture, High A4 ovarian cortex (n=9) had greater numbers of early stage follicles (primordial) and fewer later-stage follicles compared to controls (n=11). Culture for 7 days did not relieve this follicular arrest; …
Adaptive Selection Signatures In River Buffalo With Emphasis On Immune And Major Histocompatibility Complex Genes, Yan Ren, Callum Macphillamy, Thu Hien To, Timothy P. L. Smith, John L. Williams, Wai Yee Low
Adaptive Selection Signatures In River Buffalo With Emphasis On Immune And Major Histocompatibility Complex Genes, Yan Ren, Callum Macphillamy, Thu Hien To, Timothy P. L. Smith, John L. Williams, Wai Yee Low
Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports
River buffalo is an agriculturally important species with many traits, such as disease tolerance, which promote its use worldwide. Highly contiguous genome assemblies of the river buffalo, goat, pig, human and two cattle subspecies were aligned to study gene gains and losses and signs of positive selection. The gene families that have changed significantly in river buffalo since divergence from cattle play important roles in protein degradation, the olfactory receptor system, detoxification and the immune system. We used the branch site model in PAML to analyse single-copy orthologs to identify positively selected genes that may be involved in skin differentiation, …
Evaluating Large Spontaneous Deletions In A Bovine Cell Line Selected For Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Resistance, Aspen M. Workman, Michael P. Heaton, Dennis A. Webster, Gregory P. Harhay, Theodore S. Kalbfleisch, Timothy P.L. Smith, Shollie M. Falkenberg, Daniel F. Carlson, Tad S. Sonstegard
Evaluating Large Spontaneous Deletions In A Bovine Cell Line Selected For Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Resistance, Aspen M. Workman, Michael P. Heaton, Dennis A. Webster, Gregory P. Harhay, Theodore S. Kalbfleisch, Timothy P.L. Smith, Shollie M. Falkenberg, Daniel F. Carlson, Tad S. Sonstegard
Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports
Bovine viral diarrhea virus’s (BVDV) entry into bovine cells involves attachment of virions to cellular receptors, internalization, and pH-dependent fusion with endosomal membranes. The primary host receptor for BVDV is CD46; however, the complete set of host factors required for virus entry is unknown. The Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cell line is susceptible to BVDV infection, while a derivative cell line (CRIB) is resistant at the level of virus entry. We performed complete genome sequencing of each to identify genomic variation underlying the resistant phenotype with the aim of identifying host factors essential for BVDV entry. Three large compound deletions …
Decoding The Equine Genome: Lessons From Encode, Sichong Peng, Jessica L. Petersen, Rebecca R. Bellone, Ted Kalbfleisch, N. B. Kingsley, Alexa Barber, Eleonora Cappelletti, Elena Giulotto, Carrie J. Finno
Decoding The Equine Genome: Lessons From Encode, Sichong Peng, Jessica L. Petersen, Rebecca R. Bellone, Ted Kalbfleisch, N. B. Kingsley, Alexa Barber, Eleonora Cappelletti, Elena Giulotto, Carrie J. Finno
Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications
The horse reference genome assemblies, EquCab2.0 and EquCab3.0, have enabled great advancements in the equine genomics field, from tools to novel discoveries. However, significant gaps of knowledge regarding genome function remain, hindering the study of complex traits in horses. In an effort to address these gaps and with inspiration from the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) project, the equine Functional Annotation of Animal Genome (FAANG) initiative was proposed to bridge the gap between genome and gene expression, providing further insights into functional regulation within the horse genome. Three years after launching the initiative, the equine FAANG group has generated data …
Perches As Cooling Devices For Reducing Heat Stress In Caged Laying Hens: A Review, Jiaying Hu, Yijie Xiong
Perches As Cooling Devices For Reducing Heat Stress In Caged Laying Hens: A Review, Jiaying Hu, Yijie Xiong
Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications
Heat stress is one of the most detrimental environmental challenges affecting the biological process and the related production performance of farm animals, especially in poultry. Commercial laying hens have been bred (selected) for high egg production, resulting in increased sensitivity to heat stress due to breeding-linked metabolic heat production. In addition, laying hens are prone to heat stress due to their inadequate species-specific cooling mechanisms resulting in low heat tolerance. In addition, hens have no sweat glands and feathering covers almost their entire body to minimize body heat loss. The poultry industry and scientists are developing cooling methods to prevent …
Micrornas As Biomarkers For Early Diagnosis, Prognosis, And Therapeutic Targeting Of Ovarian Cancer, Yegane Mirahmadi, Reza Nabavi, Fourough Taheri, Mohammad Mahdi Samadian, Zari Naderi Ghale-Noie, Mahsa Farjami, Abbas Samadi-Khouzani, Meysam Yousefi, Sara Azhdari, Arash Salmaninejad, Amirhossein Sahebkar
Micrornas As Biomarkers For Early Diagnosis, Prognosis, And Therapeutic Targeting Of Ovarian Cancer, Yegane Mirahmadi, Reza Nabavi, Fourough Taheri, Mohammad Mahdi Samadian, Zari Naderi Ghale-Noie, Mahsa Farjami, Abbas Samadi-Khouzani, Meysam Yousefi, Sara Azhdari, Arash Salmaninejad, Amirhossein Sahebkar
Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications
Ovarian cancer is the major cause of gynecologic cancer-related mortality. Regardless of outstanding advances, which have been made for improving the prognosis, diagnosis, and treatment of ovarian cancer, the majority of the patients will die of the disease. Late-stage diagnosis and the occurrence of recurrent cancer after treatment are the most important causes of the high mortality rate observed in ovarian cancer patients. Unraveling the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer may help find new biomarkers and therapeutic targets for ovarian cancer. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression, mostly at the posttranscriptional stage, …
Profile Of Producers And Production Of Dry-Aged Beef In Brazil, Jonatã Henrique Rezende-De-Souza, Flavio Andre Bolini Cardello, Ana Paula Moraes De Paula, Felipe A. Ribeiro, Chase C. Calkins, Sérgio Bertelli Pflanzer
Profile Of Producers And Production Of Dry-Aged Beef In Brazil, Jonatã Henrique Rezende-De-Souza, Flavio Andre Bolini Cardello, Ana Paula Moraes De Paula, Felipe A. Ribeiro, Chase C. Calkins, Sérgio Bertelli Pflanzer
Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications
No information is currently available on the profile of producers and production process of dry-aged beef in Brazil, to the best of the authors’ knowledge. We surveyed 37 Brazilian companies that were producing dry-aged beef in 2020 to investigate this market. The absolute and relative frequency of responses was calculated to obtain the sum, average, minimum, and maximum values. From the respondents, dry-aged beef was first produced in 2009, and most producers are located in big cities. Most respondents control and monitor chamber temperature; however, humidity and air velocity only are monitored. The aging period (mostly between 22 to 60 …
Predicting Carcass Cut Yields In Cattle From Digital Images Using Artificial Intelligence, Darragh Matthews, Thierry Pabiou, Ross D. Evans, Christian Beder, Aengus Daly
Predicting Carcass Cut Yields In Cattle From Digital Images Using Artificial Intelligence, Darragh Matthews, Thierry Pabiou, Ross D. Evans, Christian Beder, Aengus Daly
Department of Mathematics Publications
Deep Learning (DL) has proven to be a successful tool for many image classification problems but has yet to be applied to carcass images. The aim of this study was to train DL models to predict carcass cut yields and compare predictions to more standard machine learning (ML) methods. Three approaches were undertaken to predict the grouped carcass cut yields of Grilling cuts and Roasting cuts from a large dataset of 54,598 and 69,246 animals respectively. The approaches taken were (1) animal phenotypic data used as features for a range of ML algorithms, (2) carcass images used to train Convolutional …
Impact Of Feeding Syngenta Enogen® Feed Corn Compared To Control Corn In Different Diet Scenarios To Finishing Beef Cattle, Stacia M. Volk, Hannah H. Wilson, Kathryn J. Hanford, James C. Macdonald, Galen E. Erickson
Impact Of Feeding Syngenta Enogen® Feed Corn Compared To Control Corn In Different Diet Scenarios To Finishing Beef Cattle, Stacia M. Volk, Hannah H. Wilson, Kathryn J. Hanford, James C. Macdonald, Galen E. Erickson
Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications
The objective of this pooled statistical analysis was to evaluate Syngenta Enogen® Feed Corn (EFC) versus conventional corn (CON) when fed as either dry-rolled corn (DRC) or highmoisture corn (HMC) for effects on finishing beef cattle performance and carcass characteristics. Corns were evaluated in diets with byproduct inclusion rates of 0, 15, 18, 20, and 30% distiller grains or 25 and 35% Sweet Bran® (a commercial corn gluten feed product). Seven trials (n = 1856) consisting of 200 pen means comparing 26 diet treatments were analyzed using regression in a pooled analysis. When EFC was processed as DRC, the gain …
Localization Of Kisspeptin, Nkb, And Nk3r In The Hypothalamus Of Gilts Treated With The Progestin Altrenogest, Ashley N. Lindo, Jennifer F. Thorson, Michelle N. Bedenbaugh, Richard B. Mccosh, Justin A. Lopez, Samantha A. Young, Lanny J. Meadows, Elizabeth C. Bowdridge, Chrysanthi Fergani, Bradley A. Freking, Michael N. Lehman, Stanley M. Hileman, Clay A. Lents
Localization Of Kisspeptin, Nkb, And Nk3r In The Hypothalamus Of Gilts Treated With The Progestin Altrenogest, Ashley N. Lindo, Jennifer F. Thorson, Michelle N. Bedenbaugh, Richard B. Mccosh, Justin A. Lopez, Samantha A. Young, Lanny J. Meadows, Elizabeth C. Bowdridge, Chrysanthi Fergani, Bradley A. Freking, Michael N. Lehman, Stanley M. Hileman, Clay A. Lents
Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports
Mechanisms in the brain controlling secretion of gonadotropin hormones in pigs, particularly luteinizing hormone (LH), are poorly understood. Kisspeptin is a potent LH stimulant that is essential for fertility in many species, including pigs. Neurokinin B (NKB) acting through neurokinin 3 receptor (NK3R) is involved in kisspeptin-stimulated LH release, but organization of NKB and NK3R within the porcine hypothalamus is unknown. Hypothalamic tissue from ovariectomized (OVX) gilts was used to determine the distribution of immunoreactive kisspeptin, NKB, and NK3R cells in the arcuate nucleus (ARC). Almost all kisspeptin neurons coexpressed NKB in the porcine ARC. Immunostaining for NK3R was distributed …
Non - Naturally Occurring Porcine Reproductive And Respiratory Syndrome Virus ( Prrsv ) And Methods Of Using, Hiep Lai Xuan Vu, Fernando Osorio, William W. Laegreid, Asit K. Pattnaik, Fangrui Ma
Non - Naturally Occurring Porcine Reproductive And Respiratory Syndrome Virus ( Prrsv ) And Methods Of Using, Hiep Lai Xuan Vu, Fernando Osorio, William W. Laegreid, Asit K. Pattnaik, Fangrui Ma
Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications
A non - naturally occurring porcine reproductive and respi ratory syndrome virus ( PRRSV ) is provided herein , and methods of making and using the non - naturally occurring PRRSV also are provided
Relationship Of Molecular Breeding Value For Beef Tenderness With Heifer Traits Through Weaning Of Their First Calf, Robert A. Cushman, Gary L. Bennett, Richard G. Tait, Anthony K. Mcneel, Eduardo Casas, Timothy P.L. Smith, Harvey C. Freetly
Relationship Of Molecular Breeding Value For Beef Tenderness With Heifer Traits Through Weaning Of Their First Calf, Robert A. Cushman, Gary L. Bennett, Richard G. Tait, Anthony K. Mcneel, Eduardo Casas, Timothy P.L. Smith, Harvey C. Freetly
Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports
Polymorphisms in μ-calpain (CAPN1) that beneficially associate with beef tenderness are reported to antagonistically associate with calving day in beef heifers and post-partum interval to estrus in beef cows. We, therefore, hypothesized that a molecular breeding value for slice shear force, calculated based on CAPN1 and calpastatin (CAST) genotypes, would demonstrate an antagonistic relationship between genomically predicted slice shear force and ordinal calving date in replacement beef heifers. A secondary objective of this study was to evaluate the association of a polymorphism in diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase (DGAT1) with reproductive traits in beef heifers. One hundred eighty-seven MARC III heifers (¼ Angus, …
Validation Of High-Resolution Melting Assays For The Detection Of Virulent Strains Of Escherichia Coli O26 And O111 In Beef And Pork Enrichment Broths, Frank J. Velez, Joseph M. Bosilevac, Prashant Singh
Validation Of High-Resolution Melting Assays For The Detection Of Virulent Strains Of Escherichia Coli O26 And O111 In Beef And Pork Enrichment Broths, Frank J. Velez, Joseph M. Bosilevac, Prashant Singh
Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports
Extensive validation of diagnostic assays using widely collected surveillance samples is critical for developing pathogen detection assays. The detection of potentially virulent E. coli strains is critical to the red meat industry. We previously developed two high-resolution melting (HRM) assays for detecting potentially virulent and avirulent E. coli O26 and O111 strains. Assays were validated using enriched beef (n = 36) and pork (n = 36) samples collected as part of a U.S. federal regulatory surveillance program. Data from this study showed more than 90% sensitivity and specificity for both the HRM assays, demonstrating suitability for the red meat industry …
Genomic Analysis Of Shiga Toxin-Containing Escherichia Coli O157:H7 Isolated From Argentinean Cattle, Ariel Amadio, James L. Bono, Matías Irazoqui, Mariano Larzábal, Wanderson Marques Da Silva, María Florencia Eberhardt, Nahuel A. Riviere, David Gally, Shannon D. Manning, Angel Cataldi
Genomic Analysis Of Shiga Toxin-Containing Escherichia Coli O157:H7 Isolated From Argentinean Cattle, Ariel Amadio, James L. Bono, Matías Irazoqui, Mariano Larzábal, Wanderson Marques Da Silva, María Florencia Eberhardt, Nahuel A. Riviere, David Gally, Shannon D. Manning, Angel Cataldi
Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports
Cattle are the main reservoir of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC), with O157:H7 the distinctive serotype. EHEC is the main causative agent of a severe systemic disease, Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS). Argentina has the highest pediatric HUS incidence worldwide with 12–14 cases per 100,000 children. Herein, we assessed the genomes of EHEC O157:H7 isolates recovered from cattle in the humid Pampas of Argentina. According to phylogenetic studies, EHEC O157 can be divided into clades. Clade 8 strains that were classified as hypervirulent. Most of the strains of this clade have a Shiga toxin stx2a-stx2c genotype. To better understand the molecular bases …
Whole-Genome Sequencing To Investigate A Possible Genetic Basis Of Perosomus Elumbis In A Calf Resulting From A Consanguineous Mating, Alexa M. Barber, Alyssa Helms, Riley Thompson, Brian K. Whitlock, David J. Steffen, Jessica Lynn Petersen
Whole-Genome Sequencing To Investigate A Possible Genetic Basis Of Perosomus Elumbis In A Calf Resulting From A Consanguineous Mating, Alexa M. Barber, Alyssa Helms, Riley Thompson, Brian K. Whitlock, David J. Steffen, Jessica Lynn Petersen
Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications
Perosomus elumbis (PE) is a lethal, congenital defect marked by aplasia of the lumbar and sacral spine and spinal cord. Contracture of the hind limbs is also commonly observed in affected individuals. PE has been reported in many domestic species, with numerous case reports in Holstein cattle in the past two decades (Jones, 1999; Karakaya et al., 2013; Agerholm et al., 2014). The etiology of PE remains unknown. In one instance, a stillborn Holstein calf with PE was found to be infected with Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) (Karakaya et al., 2013), and thus, it is possible that PE may …
Using Beet Pulp To Adapt Cattle To Finishing Diets Compared To Traditional Grain Adaptation With Alfalfa Hay, C. J. Schneider, Matt K. Luebbe, K. H. Jenkins, Stephanie A. Furman Furman, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein
Using Beet Pulp To Adapt Cattle To Finishing Diets Compared To Traditional Grain Adaptation With Alfalfa Hay, C. J. Schneider, Matt K. Luebbe, K. H. Jenkins, Stephanie A. Furman Furman, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein
Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications
A study was conducted to compare grain adaptation programs using beet pulp (BP) to traditional grain adaptation with alfalfa hay (AH). Yearling crossbred steers (n = 232; BW = 326 ± 14.5 kg) were separated into 3 weight blocks, stratified by BW, and assigned randomly, within strata, to 18 feedlot pens, with 12 or 13 steers per pen. Treatments were imposed during grain adaptation (21 d) using 3 grain adaptation programs. Within each grain adaptation program, 4 step rations were fed for 3, 4, 7, and 7 d. Each program increased dry-rolled corn inclusion while roughage inclusion decreased. In the …
Characterisation Of Early Positive Mcr‐1 Resistance Gene And Plasmidome In Escherichia Coli Pathogenic Strains Associated With Variable Phylogroups Under Colistin Selection, Guerrino Macori, Scott V. Nguyen, Ankita Naithani, Daniel Hurley, Li Bai, Farid El Garch, Frédérique Woehrlé, Christine Miossec, Benjamin Roques, Peadar O’Gaora, James L. Bono, Séamus Fanning
Characterisation Of Early Positive Mcr‐1 Resistance Gene And Plasmidome In Escherichia Coli Pathogenic Strains Associated With Variable Phylogroups Under Colistin Selection, Guerrino Macori, Scott V. Nguyen, Ankita Naithani, Daniel Hurley, Li Bai, Farid El Garch, Frédérique Woehrlé, Christine Miossec, Benjamin Roques, Peadar O’Gaora, James L. Bono, Séamus Fanning
Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports
An antibiotic susceptibility monitoring programme was conducted from 2004 to 2010, re-sulting in a collection of 143 Escherichia coli cultured from bovine faecal samples (diarrhoea) and milk‐aliquots (mastitis). The isolates were subjected to whole‐genome sequencing and were distrib-uted in phylogroups A, B1, B2, C, D, E, and G with no correlation for particular genotypes with pathotypes. In fact, the population structure showed that the strains belonging to the different phy-logroups matched broadly to ST complexes; however, the isolates are randomly associated with the diseases, highlighting the necessity to investigate the virulence factors more accurately in order to identify the mechanisms …
Meat Tenderness: Advances In Biology, Biochemistry, Molecular Mechanisms And New Technologies, Robyn D. Warner, Tommy L. Wheeler, Minh Ha, Xin Li, Alaa El-Din Bekhit, James Morton, Rozita Vaskoska, Frank R. Dunshea, Rui Lui, Peter Purslow, Wangang Zhang
Meat Tenderness: Advances In Biology, Biochemistry, Molecular Mechanisms And New Technologies, Robyn D. Warner, Tommy L. Wheeler, Minh Ha, Xin Li, Alaa El-Din Bekhit, James Morton, Rozita Vaskoska, Frank R. Dunshea, Rui Lui, Peter Purslow, Wangang Zhang
Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports
Meat tenderness is an important quality trait critical to consumer acceptance, and determines satisfaction, repeat purchase and willingness-to-pay premium prices. Recent advances in tenderness research from a variety of perspectives are presented. Our understanding of molecular factors influencing tenderization are discussed in relation to glycolysis, calcium release, protease activation, apoptosis and heat shock proteins, the use of proteomic analysis for monitoring changes, proteomic biomarkers and oxidative/nitrosative stress. Each of these structural, metabolic and molecular determinants of meat tenderness are then discussed in greater detail in relation to animal variation, postmortem influences, and changes during cooking, with a focus on recent …
Effect Of A Trace Mineral Injection On Performance And Trace Mineral Status Of Beef Cows And Calves, Carmen J. Willmore, John B. Hall, Mary E. Drewnoski
Effect Of A Trace Mineral Injection On Performance And Trace Mineral Status Of Beef Cows And Calves, Carmen J. Willmore, John B. Hall, Mary E. Drewnoski
Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications
The objective was to determine the effects of an injectable trace mineral (TMI; Multimin 90) containing copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), selenium (Se), and zinc (Zn) on trace mineral status and the resulting impacts on reproduction of beef cows and the growth of their calves. Beef cows (n = 200) were assigned to receive TMI or no injection (CON) prior to calving and breeding over two consecutive years. Calves born to cows receiving TMI also received TMI at birth in both years and at 49 ± 1.3 days of age in year 1. The TMI increased (p = 0.01) liver Zn …
Classifying Ingestive Behavior Of Dairy Cows Via Automatic Sound Recognition, Guoming Li, Yijie Xiong, Qian Du, Zhengxiang Shi, Richard S. Gates
Classifying Ingestive Behavior Of Dairy Cows Via Automatic Sound Recognition, Guoming Li, Yijie Xiong, Qian Du, Zhengxiang Shi, Richard S. Gates
Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications
Determining ingestive behaviors of dairy cows is critical to evaluate their productivity and health status. The objectives of this research were to (1) develop the relationship between forage species/heights and sound characteristics of three different ingestive behaviors (bites, chews, and chew-bites); (2) comparatively evaluate three deep learning models and optimization strategies for classifying the three behaviors; and (3) examine the ability of deep learning modeling for classifying the three ingestive behaviors under various forage characteristics. The results show that the amplitude and duration of the bite, chew, and chew-bite sounds were mostly larger for tall forages (tall fescue and alfalfa) …