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Investigations Of The Ichthyofauna Of Nicaraguan Lakes: Frontmatter
Investigations Of The Ichthyofauna Of Nicaraguan Lakes: Frontmatter
Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes
Dedication
Commentary on this Compendium
Preface
Acknowledgments
Contributors
Contents
Chemical Analyses Of Some Crater Lakes In Relation To Adjacent Lake Nicaragua, George W. Barlow, Jeffrey R. Baylis, Dale Roberts
Chemical Analyses Of Some Crater Lakes In Relation To Adjacent Lake Nicaragua, George W. Barlow, Jeffrey R. Baylis, Dale Roberts
Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes
In spite of the wide interest by naturalists in the Great Lakes of Nicaragua their limnology has received little study. Cole (1976) has reviewed the literature and contributed new data and interpretations. Our paper adds to his larger work by presenting chemical analyses of Lake Nicaragua and some of the small crater lakes near it. These smaller lakes have been neglected. The only information published about them is a fragmentary table in Riedel (1964), giving some comparative data on surface area, circumference, and depth.
The Origin Of The Lakes In The Nicaraguan Fault And Of The Middle American Isthmus In The Light Of Studies Of The Fish Fauna, Dietmar Riedel
The Origin Of The Lakes In The Nicaraguan Fault And Of The Middle American Isthmus In The Light Of Studies Of The Fish Fauna, Dietmar Riedel
Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes
The geological hypothesis of a marine origin of the Nicaraguan depression and its lakes was until the fifties of the present century exclusively based upon the occurrence of marine species (shark, sawfish and tarpon) in Lake Nicaragua. A recent view, however, is that the fault was never connected with the sea and that the lakes were filled by rain only.
In view of the fact that there seems to be no agreement among geologists about the geological history of the Nicaraguan depression, an attempt is made to contribute to the discussion by evaluating the fish faunal elements of the fault. …
Digenea Of Fishes From Lake Nicaragua, Donald E. Watson
Digenea Of Fishes From Lake Nicaragua, Donald E. Watson
Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes
This paper covers a collection of helminths made during the summer of 1963. The Monogenea and Cestoda of elasmobranchs are reported in a separate paper (Watson and Thorson, 1976). Most of the teleosts were obtained (many still alive) from the fish market in Granada and were caught in Lake Nicaragua. The others were taken by seine or hook and line from the lake, from Tepetate and from San Carlos.
There have been relatively few studies on Digenea from Central America and most of the work has been done on helminths of vertebrates other than fishes. Brenes (1961) catalogued the parasites …
Species Diversity And Distribution Of Fish In Lake Nicaragua, Kurt W. Koenig, Richard J. Beatty, Sergio Martinez C.
Species Diversity And Distribution Of Fish In Lake Nicaragua, Kurt W. Koenig, Richard J. Beatty, Sergio Martinez C.
Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes
The results of a preliminary study of the abundance, diversity and distribution of some of the fish species in Lake Nicaragua are presented here. These parameters have received little attention from investigators working on the lake.
A frequently used measure of species diversity is the Shannon-Weiner diversity index. It measures the degree of uncertainty of predicting the species identity of a randomly selected individual (Pielou, 1966). Lloyd and Ghelardi (1964) indicated that species diversity indices are influenced by both the species number, or "richness", and the species "evenness", or relative number of individuals of a species in a given habitat. …
En El Gran Lago, Medicina Y Cultura
En El Gran Lago, Medicina Y Cultura
Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes
Conociendo la pepesca gaspar por experiencia previa quede muy sorprendido cuando, en Marzo del presente ano, vi dos 0 tres ejemplares nadando rapidamente en las cercanias de la isleta "Guanabana", en el Gran Lago. Acompafiado por mi esposa Marsha y por Michael Springer colectaba peces alrededor de esa isla con redes de mano. Al ver los ejemplares en el agua no pude menos que pensar inmediatamente en la pepesca gaspar, pero no me parecia factible encontrarla ya que la especie no habia sido antes registrada en el Gran Lago cuando, siendo comun en las regiones que habita, es una de …
Pigments Of A Color Polymorphism In A Cichlid Fish, Robert Webber, George W. Barlow, Alan H. Brush
Pigments Of A Color Polymorphism In A Cichlid Fish, Robert Webber, George W. Barlow, Alan H. Brush
Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes
1. Cichlasoma citrinellum occurs as gray or gold morphs in lakes in Nicaragua. The gold morph is variable and individuals range from yellow to dark orange.
2. The pigments responsible for the carotenoid coloration are E-carotene and canthaxanthin. The gray morph contains a carotenoid component and also heavy melanin deposits.
3. The carotenoids are dietary in origin, but their distribution and intensity is presumably under genetic control.
4. The relation of color morphs to the ecological and selective forces which might produce them is discussed.
Parental Behavior And Some Histological Features Of Scales In Cichlasoma Citrinellum (Pisces, Cichlidae), David L. G. Noakes
Parental Behavior And Some Histological Features Of Scales In Cichlasoma Citrinellum (Pisces, Cichlidae), David L. G. Noakes
Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes
We have described elsewhere the ontogeny of behavior of young Cichlasoma citrinelium, and some aspects of the behavior of the parents during the corresponding period (Noakes and Barlow 1968, 1973a, 1973b). Adults are polymorphic in body color, the "normal" color being grey; the "gold" morphs are more or less xanthic and lack the species typical dark markings (Barlow 1973; and in preparation). The young have a characteristic behavior directed toward the parents in both the laboratory and the field. About 4 days after the young become free-swimming, they begin to feed from the body surfaces …
Movement Of Bull Sharks, Carcharhinus Leucas, Between Carribean Sea And Lake Nicaragua Demonstrated By Tagging, Thomas B. Thorson
Movement Of Bull Sharks, Carcharhinus Leucas, Between Carribean Sea And Lake Nicaragua Demonstrated By Tagging, Thomas B. Thorson
Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes
The shark that occurs in the fresh water of Lake Nicaragua and the Rio San Juan was first described (as Eulamia nicaraguensis) by Gill and Bransford (1877). These authors also first proposed the theory that the sharks, as well as the sawfish and tarpon that occur in the lake, were trapped there by late Pleistocene volcanic activity, which isolated a former bay of the Pacific and resulted in the formation of the present lake. The theory of a landlocked, distinct species, of Pacific origin, has en joyed wide popular acceptance and for many years was also accepted by professional …
The Behavior And Ecology Of Herotilapia Multispinosa (Teleostei, Cichlidae), Jeffrey R. Baylis
The Behavior And Ecology Of Herotilapia Multispinosa (Teleostei, Cichlidae), Jeffrey R. Baylis
Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes
Because of their complex social behavior and the ease with which they can be manipulated, cichlid fishes have long been of special interest to the ethologist. However, most of the research into cichlid behavior has been on Old World species. The social behavior of New World species is different and deserves more study. This paper will describe the ethology of one of the Central American cichlids, Herotilapia multispinosa.
Studio Istochimico Comparato Della Ghiandoia Digitiforme Rettale Di Selaci Marini E Di Acqua Dolce, Giuseppe Gerzeli, Gian Franco De Stefano
Studio Istochimico Comparato Della Ghiandoia Digitiforme Rettale Di Selaci Marini E Di Acqua Dolce, Giuseppe Gerzeli, Gian Franco De Stefano
Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes
La ghiandola reHale dei Selaci secerne notevoli quantita eli elettroliti: I'inelagine istomorfologica e istochimica puo consentire eli documentare I'('sistenza eli elispositivi strutturali e di potenzialita metaboliche collegabili con I'accumulo e la liberazione eli energia utilizzabile per un trasporto ionico attivo, fenomeno che appare alIa base deIl'attivita della ghiandola.
Aspetti Della Ghiandola Rettale E Della Regolazione Osmoticain Selaci Marini E D' Acqua Dolce, Giuseppe Gerzeli, Maria Victoria Gervaso, Gian Francis De Stefano
Aspetti Della Ghiandola Rettale E Della Regolazione Osmoticain Selaci Marini E D' Acqua Dolce, Giuseppe Gerzeli, Maria Victoria Gervaso, Gian Francis De Stefano
Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes
In continuazione di ricerche giil pubblicate (GERZELI G., 1967 - 1st. Lombardo Rend. Sc., BIOI: 117 ; GERZELI F. e DE STEFANO G. F., 1968 - Cony. Soc. Ital. Anat.) l'indagine istomorfologica e istochimica sulla ghiandola rettale c stata estes a ad altre specie, integrandola con alcuni dati ehimici su costituenti plasmatici. Sinora sono state esaminate Ie seguenti specie: Scylliorhinus stellaris, Galeus melastomus, Torpedo marmorata, Raja asterias (del Mar Tirreno); Galeorhinus zyopterus (dell'Oceano Pacifico orientale) ; Carcharhinus leucas (del Mar dei Caraibi e del Lago di Nicaragua) ; Pristis perotteti (del Lago di Nicaragua) ; Potamotrygon brachiurus …
Helminths From Elasmobranchs In Central American Fresh Waters, Donald E. Watson, Thomas B. Thorson
Helminths From Elasmobranchs In Central American Fresh Waters, Donald E. Watson, Thomas B. Thorson
Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes
Five species of monogeneans and 14 species of cestodes are reported from two elasmobranch species in fresh waters of Guatemala, Nicaragua and Costa Rica. Monogeneans from the bull shark, Carcharhinus leucas (Muller and Henle, 1841), are: Dermophthirius maccallumi n. sp. (Microbothriidae); Heteronchocotyle leucas Hargis, 1955 and Erpocotyle carcharhini n. sp. (Hexabothriidae). Cestodes from the bull shark are: Phyllobothrium lactuca van Beneden, 1850, P. leuci n. sp., P. nicaraguensis n. sp., Anthobothrium cornucopia van Beneden, 1850, A. laciniatum Linton, 1890 (Phyllobothriidae): Platybothrium hypoprioni Potter, 1937, Phoreiobothrium triloculatum Linton, 1901 (Onchobothriidae); Cathetocephalus thatcheri Dailey and Overstreet, 1973 (Cathetocephalidae); Dasyrhynchus variouncinnatus (Linton, 1924) …
Limnology Of The Great Lakes Of Nicaragua, Gerald A. Cole
Limnology Of The Great Lakes Of Nicaragua, Gerald A. Cole
Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes
For more than a century, the two largest bodies of water in Nicaragua, Lake Nicaragua and its smaller companion, Managua, have engaged naturalists from several disciplines. Perhaps their appeal has been as curiosities because of the occurrence of fish with marine affinities in the larger lake, especially a dangerous shark. The charm has been in Nicaragua or Cocibolca, rather than Managua, properly called Xolotlán. Even though the latter is saltier, it has no elasmobranchs or tarpons.
The lakes, and specifically the larger, cover the greatest expanse of any body of water between Lake Titicaca, Bolivia-Peru, and the Laurentian …
Geography Of Lake Nicaragua, Jaime Incer
Geography Of Lake Nicaragua, Jaime Incer
Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes
The area surrounding Lake Nicaragua is discussed from the standpoints of its history, geological setting, climate and vegetation. A physical description of the lake itself is given, including the nature of its bottom, its shoreline, its islands and volcanoes.
The Status Of The Lake Nicaragua Shark: An Updated Appraisal, Thomas B. Thorson
The Status Of The Lake Nicaragua Shark: An Updated Appraisal, Thomas B. Thorson
Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes
Since 1966, an extensive tagging program has demonstrated beyond any further doubt (Thorson, 1971) that the sharks move from the Caribbean Sea to Lake Nicaragua and vice versa. At the time of this writing, of 1450 post-juvenile sharks tagged at the various river mouths on the Caribbean Coast, ten have been recovered in Lake Nicaragua; and of 146 tagged at San Carlos, where the river leaves the lake, 28 have been recovered along the Caribbean Coast, most of them at the various outlets of the Rio San Juan. Except for these basic facts, the results of the tagging program have …
The Midas Cichlid In Nicaragua, George W. Barlow
The Midas Cichlid In Nicaragua, George W. Barlow
Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes
Cichlasoma citrinellum (Gunther), the Midas cichlid, is the most important food fish in the Great Lakes Basin of Nicaragua. It occurs in the majority of the lakes, where it is the most ubiquitous cichlid fish, but it is uncommon in the rivers. The fry are carnivorous while the juveniles and adults are omnivorous, eating mostly Aufwuchs, snails, and fish. The Midas cichlids suffer from a number of diseases in nature and in the laboratory, including lymphocystis and nocardiosis. Potential predators vary from sharks and sawfish in Lake Nicaragua, to just one cichlid relative in one crater lake; in Lake …
Calcium And Other Ions In Blood And Skeleton Of Nicaraguan Fresh-Water Shark, Marshall R. Urist
Calcium And Other Ions In Blood And Skeleton Of Nicaraguan Fresh-Water Shark, Marshall R. Urist
Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes
The bull shark, Carcharhinus lellcas, employing archaic but effective means of regulating the physical-chemical composition of its body fluids, thrives in tropical fresh-water rivers and lakes. The ionic strength of the serum and the concentrations of total solutes, calcium, urea, and other ions are below the levels found in marine elasmobranchs but higher than the levels in teleosts. The patterns of the calcium deposits of the vertebrae are identical in marine and fresh-water subspecies.
Carcharhinus Nicaraguensis, A Synonym Of The Bull Shark, C. Leucas, Henry B. Bigelow, William C. Schroeder
Carcharhinus Nicaraguensis, A Synonym Of The Bull Shark, C. Leucas, Henry B. Bigelow, William C. Schroeder
Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes
Nicaraguensis very closely resembles leucas by the following characters. The anterior margin of the eye is posterior to the front of the mouth by a distance equal to half its own diameter in nicaraguensis; the gill openings are relatively somewhat longer in nicaraguensis, the third being nearly as long as the distance between the nostrils; the free tip of the second dorsal is about two-thirds as long as its base in nicaraguensis.
Reproduction Of The Bull Shark, Carcharhinus Leu Cas , In The Lake Nicaragua-Rio San Juan System, Norman H. Jenson
Reproduction Of The Bull Shark, Carcharhinus Leu Cas , In The Lake Nicaragua-Rio San Juan System, Norman H. Jenson
Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes
Carcharhinus leucas, the bull shark, or cub shark, is a member of a large family, the Carcharhinidae, sometimes called requiem sharks. It is of medium size, reaching a maximum of a little more than three meters in some parts of its range, but little more than two and one-half meters in my study area. It is euryhaline, able to live for extended periods of time in both freshwater and marine environments. It is a viviparous shark, retaining the young and nourishing them by means of a yolk-sac placenta.
Bottom Sediments Of Lake Nicaragua And Lake Managua, Western Nicaragua, Frederick M. Swain
Bottom Sediments Of Lake Nicaragua And Lake Managua, Western Nicaragua, Frederick M. Swain
Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes
Lakes Nicaragua and Managua are large, rather shallow, fresh-water bodies that lie in a late Tertiary and Quaternary graben in western Nicaragua.
The bottom sediments comprise highly organic diatomaceous volcanic silts and clays in which quartz plagioclase feldspar, dioctahedral montmorillonite and volcanic glass are the principal constituents.
Organic nitrogen content of the lake sediments ranges from 0.3-1.2 percent, about the same range as in eutrophic lakes of higher latitudes. Bitumen content is rather low, much like that of oligotrophic lakes. Hydrocarbon fractions of bitumens are similar in amount to an alkaline lake of western U. S. Non-hydrocarbon bitumens are high …
Presence Of The Cichlid Fish Cichlasoma Managuense Gunther In Lake Xiloá, Nicaragua, Jime Villa
Presence Of The Cichlid Fish Cichlasoma Managuense Gunther In Lake Xiloá, Nicaragua, Jime Villa
Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes
Villa (1968) included C. managuense in the fauna of Lake Xiloá as a "recently introduced" species since the Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganaderia (Nicaragua) had introduced several hundred young individuals of this species from Lake Managua, hatched at the Estacion Experimental "La Calera." Apparently officials of the Ministerio did not determine whether or not C. managuense occurred in Lake Xiloá prior to its introduction.
Competition Between Color Morphs Of The Polychromatic Midas Cichlid Cichlasoma Citrinellum, George W. Barlow
Competition Between Color Morphs Of The Polychromatic Midas Cichlid Cichlasoma Citrinellum, George W. Barlow
Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes
The Midas cichlid, Cichlasoma citrinellum, is a polychromatic fish that occurs in Nicaragua. All of these fish start life as normally colored, cryptic individuals. In some populations a few fish change into conspicuously colored morphs, most frequently gold. When kept in unmixed color groups, golds and normals grow at the same rate; but when they are mixed, growth of the golds becomes taster and that of the normals slower. Golds dominate normals in contests over food, which accounts for their advantage.
Hemoglobin Stability In Bull Sharks, Jack D. Burke
Hemoglobin Stability In Bull Sharks, Jack D. Burke
Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes
No significant differences in oxyhemoglobin affinity, or electrophoretic patterns of hemoglobin were found in 18 bull sharks collected in selected regions of Lake Nicaragua, the Rio San Juan, and the Caribbean Sea. The half-saturation of hemoglobin with oxygen (P50) was 11 and 17 mm Hg at pH 7.4 and 6.8, respectively (25° C, 3% hemoglobin solution, potassium phosphate buffer, 0.3 ionic strength). Electrophoresis resolved the hemoglobin into a minor and a major band. P1animetry of densitometric recordings showed that the major band constituted 54% of the total hemoglobin; the minor band, 46%. On the basis of these hemoglobin studies, no …
Body Fluid Solutes Of Juveniles And Adults Of The Euryhaline Bull Shark Carcharhinus Leucas From Freshwater And Saline Environments, Thomas B. Thorson, C. Michael Cowan, Donald E. Watson
Body Fluid Solutes Of Juveniles And Adults Of The Euryhaline Bull Shark Carcharhinus Leucas From Freshwater And Saline Environments, Thomas B. Thorson, C. Michael Cowan, Donald E. Watson
Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes
Since the discovery of the phenomenally high urea content of the body fluids of cartilaginous fishes by Staedeler and Frerichs (1858), the unique osmoregulatory system of this vertebrate class has been studied by many investigators. In broad outline, the mechanisms are essentially similar in all three of the major subtaxa: the selachians, the batoids, and the holocephalans. A single exception is the genus Potamotrygon (fresh-water stingrays of South America and Africa), which has apparently lost the ability to concentrate urea even when transferred to salt water.
Rectal Glands Of Marine And Fresh-Water Sharks: Comparative Histology, Mikio Oguri
Rectal Glands Of Marine And Fresh-Water Sharks: Comparative Histology, Mikio Oguri
Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes
The rectal glands of elasmobranchs perform the function of salt-excreting organs. These glands are smaller and show regressive changes in specimens of the bull shark, Carcharhinus leucas, found in fresh-water environment, compared with specimens of this and other species from a marine habitat.
Observations On The Reproduction Of The Sawfish, Pristis Perotteti, In Lake Nicaragua, With Recommendations For Its Conservation, Thomas B. Thorson
Observations On The Reproduction Of The Sawfish, Pristis Perotteti, In Lake Nicaragua, With Recommendations For Its Conservation, Thomas B. Thorson
Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes
The presently known pristiform fauna of the western Atlantic consists of only two species, one each of Fowler's (1941) subgenera, Pristis and Pristiopsis. The former, characterized by the absence of a subcaudal lobe on the caudal fin, is represented by Pristis pectinatus; the latter, in which the subcaudal lobe is present, by Pristis perotteti. Although several features readily separate the two species, they can most easily be distinguished by the more slender rostrum of P. pectinatus and its larger number of rostral teeth, 24 to 32 on each side, as compared with 14 to 20 in …
Some Remarks On The Fecundity Of Tilapia (T. Mossambica Peters) And Its Introduction Into Middle Central America (Nicaragua) Together With A First Contribution Towards The Limnology Of Nicaragua, Dietmar Riedel
Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes
a. This paper presents an account of fecundity studies into T. mossambica under Middle Central American conditions and limnological investigations into Lake Moyua/Nicaragua which have been performed during 1961/62.
b. Data obtained as to fecundity of T. mossambica are discussed in the light of the term prolificy and with regard to ecological and biological characteristics of Nicaraguan waters and native fish fauna.
c. A more detailed contemplation about the possible effects of a spread out or transplantation of T. mossambica into other Nicaraguan waters concludes the paper.
Ichthyology Of The Lakes Of Nicaragua: Historical Perspective, Jaime Villa
Ichthyology Of The Lakes Of Nicaragua: Historical Perspective, Jaime Villa
Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes
Scientific study of Nicaraguan freshwater fishes did not begin until Gunther described the first species from Lake Nicaragua in 1864, but actual accounts of several interesting fishes were written as early as the sixteenth century by the first historians of the New World. These accounts ranged from hearsay to rather detailed (for their time) descriptions and first-hand observations on the form and life of some species. In some cases these observations or conclusions have been doubted for many decades but confirmed and elaborated in recent years. Therefore I believe it may be of interest to examine the early chronicles.
Derivation Of The Freshwater Fish Fauna Of Central America, George S. Myers
Derivation Of The Freshwater Fish Fauna Of Central America, George S. Myers
Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes
The nature, composition, and evolution of Centra) American freshwater fish groups are discussed in relation to the history and derivation of the faunal elements. It is concluded that the entire area between the Isthmus of Tehuantepec and eastern Panama was and always had been devoid of primary (obligatory) freshwater fishes prior to the very late Tertiary. Instead, secondary freshwater fishes evolved in this area during the Neogene and perhaps for a longer period, the Poeciliidae having probably had a longer history within the area than the Cichlidae. In the late Tertiary a very few North American immigrants entered the area …