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Articles 1 - 16 of 16
Full-Text Articles in Animal Sciences
Replacement Of Grazed Forage With Wdgs And Poor Quality Hay And Straw Mixtures, Sandra B. Villasanti
Replacement Of Grazed Forage With Wdgs And Poor Quality Hay And Straw Mixtures, Sandra B. Villasanti
Department of Animal Science: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research
A grazing study was conducted at the University of Nebraska Gudmundsen Sandhills Laboratory from mid-June to late-August across two years (2009 and 2010) to evaluate the effects of supplementation with mixtures of wet distillers grains (WDGS) and straw or hay on grazed forage intake. Twenty 1 ha paddocks replicated over two blocks were randomly assigned to one of four treatments: Control (CON) at the recommended stocking rate (1.68 AUM/ha in 2009 and 1.64 AUM/ha in 2010), and three double stocked treatments supplemented with 60% straw and 40% WDGS (STRAW), 60% hay and 40% WDGS (LOW), and 70% hay and 30% …
The Use Of High Distillers Grains And Nutrient Management In Beef Feedlots, Amy R. Rich
The Use Of High Distillers Grains And Nutrient Management In Beef Feedlots, Amy R. Rich
Department of Animal Science: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research
Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of feeding wet distillers grains (WDGS) at 70% and wheat straw at 25% (DM basis) on finishing steer performance and N mass balance in open feedlot pens. Four treatments were tested as a 2x2 factorial with factors being diet and pen cleaning frequency (monthly or at the end of the feeding period). In both experiments the CON treatment (corn based diet) had greater DMI, ADG, HCW, marbling and fat depth. There was greater N intake and N excretion for both the WINTER and SUMMER experiments on the WDGS. Not all the additional …
Ethanol Byproduct Feeds: Determining Accurate Fiber Content, Nutrient Composition And Variability, Storing With Low-Quality Forages, And Fiber Utilization In Finishing Diets, Crystal D. Buckner
Ethanol Byproduct Feeds: Determining Accurate Fiber Content, Nutrient Composition And Variability, Storing With Low-Quality Forages, And Fiber Utilization In Finishing Diets, Crystal D. Buckner
Department of Animal Science: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research
The growing ethanol industry has produced vast quantities of distillers grains plus solubles (DGS) in the wet (WDGS) and dry forms and Sweet Bran wet corn gluten feed (SB). Previous research has demonstrated that these byproduct feeds result in improved feeding values compared to grass in growing diets and corn in finishing diets, with positive economic returns. Four experiments were conducted to evaluate dry matter determination methods and variability of nutrient composition for WDGS, determining the accurate method for measuring NDF in corn and DGS, compare feeding WDGS mixed with straw as either fresh or ensiled, and evaluate fiber digestibility …
Fertilization And Supplementation Strategies For Steers Grazing Smooth Bromegrass Pastures, Andrea K. Watson
Fertilization And Supplementation Strategies For Steers Grazing Smooth Bromegrass Pastures, Andrea K. Watson
Department of Animal Science: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research
Since 2004, fertilizer prices have doubled due to increases in energy prices for production and increased demand for N fertilizer due to high grain prices. This leads to questioning the cost effectiveness of increasing forage production with N fertilizer. At the same time, an increase in ethanol production creates an increase in the production of by-products of the ethanol industry, such as distillers grains. Distillers grains have been shown to be an excellent feed for ruminants both as a supplement while grazing and as part of a complete diet in the feedlot. Distillers grains provide protein, fat, and highly digestible …
Strategies For Beef Cattle Adaptation To Finishing Diets, Ractopamine Hydrochloride Utilization, And Mature Size Genetic Selection, Marco G. Dib
Department of Animal Science: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research
A cattle finishing experiment was conducted to evaluate effects of intermittent feeding of Optaflexx compared to none or continuous feeding. Four treatments were evaluated, the negative control consisted of 63 days on the same diet without Optaflexx, wherea the positive control consisted of Optaflexx supplemented daily during the last 35 days before harvest. The 4-day intermittent treatment consisted of feeding Optaflexx for7 days, followed by 4 days of no Optaflexx, and the 7-day intermittent treatment 7 d on Optaflexx, followed by 7 days off. Regardless of the delivery pattern, feeding Optaflexx increased ADG, DMI, and live BW compared to negative …
Obesity, Metabolic Hormone Signaling, And Granulosa Cell Gene Expression, Elizabeth Mack
Obesity, Metabolic Hormone Signaling, And Granulosa Cell Gene Expression, Elizabeth Mack
Department of Animal Science: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research
It has become increasingly clear that female obesity is associated with a myriad of adverse side effects including abnormal female reproduction due, in part, to amenorrhea and anovulatory infertility. The lethal yellow (LY) mouse possesses a deletion mutation which results in ectopic expression of agouti and adult-onset obesity. Furthermore, LY mice exhibit premature loss of fertility, which has been associated with progressive obesity making the LY mouse line an excellent model to study the effects of obesity-dependent factors on ovarian function. In the current study blood serum and granulosa cells were obtained from LY (Ay/a) and age-matched B6 controls (C57BL/6J) …
Distillers Grains With Solubles For Feedlot Cattle - Finishing Performance, Lipid Metabolism, And Ethanol Greenhouse Gas Balance, Virgil R. Bremer
Distillers Grains With Solubles For Feedlot Cattle - Finishing Performance, Lipid Metabolism, And Ethanol Greenhouse Gas Balance, Virgil R. Bremer
Department of Animal Science: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research
Previous University of Nebraska feedlot research trials have characterized the feed value of wet distillers grains plus solubles (WDGS). These trials were summarized with meta-analysis methodology and indicated the feed value of WDGS interacts with corn processing type, cattle age (calf-fed or yearling), and inclusion level. Two steer finishing studies and a metabolism study were conducted to understand the impact of different lipid sources in WDGS on WDGS feed value. A biphasic lipid extraction procedure was developed to analyze feed samples from these trials that was more effective than Goldfisch ether extraction at lipid analysis of byproduct feds. These trials …
Effects Of Dietary Choline, Folic Acid And Vitamin B12 On Laying Hen Performance, Egg Components And Egg Phospholipid Composition, Pradeep Krishnan Rajalekshmy
Effects Of Dietary Choline, Folic Acid And Vitamin B12 On Laying Hen Performance, Egg Components And Egg Phospholipid Composition, Pradeep Krishnan Rajalekshmy
Department of Animal Science: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research
In trial 1, a corn-soy basal diet was formulated with three levels of supplemental choline (0, 500 and 1000 ppm) and three levels of supplemental folic acid (0, 2 and 4 ppm) in a 3 x 3 factorial arrangement. Folic acid at 2 ppm increased egg production (p ≤ 0.04). Egg wt was higher at 500 ppm of choline (p ≤ 0.06) and 0 ppm (p ≤ 0.01) of folic acid supplementation. There were choline by folic acid interaction effects on feed intake (p ≤ 0.001), albumen wt (p ≤ 0.005) and yolk wt (p ≤ 0.03). Plasma folate and …
Alteration Of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (Vegfa) Isoform Expression Results In Abnormal Gonadal Function, Ningxia Lu
Department of Animal Science: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research
In the female, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) isoforms regulate follicle development and affect the initial primordial follicle pool. In male rodent testes, they are involved in the development of vasculature and seminiferous cords. The objective of the current study was to evaluate effects of Sertoli and Granulosa cellspecific production of VEGFA isoforms on vascular development and gonadal morphogenesis. We used a DMRT1-cre crossed to a floxed VEGFA mouse to determine potential phenotypes in male Sertoli-cell (VEGFA-DSertG) and female Granulosa-cell (VEGFA-DGranG) specific knockouts. In females, we found smaller ovarian weight, fewer corpus luteums (CLs) with some abnormal CL morphology, …
The Effects Of Phytase And An Enzyme Combination In Moderate And Low Nutrient Dense Diets In Laying Hens, Dana L. Hahn
The Effects Of Phytase And An Enzyme Combination In Moderate And Low Nutrient Dense Diets In Laying Hens, Dana L. Hahn
Department of Animal Science: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research
The objective was to test the addition of Avizyme ® 1502, a blend of protease, amylase and xylanase (Danisco, UK Ltd.) and a phytase in laying hens fed corn-soy diets containing Dried Distillers Grains (DDGS), Meat and Bone Meal (MBM). 384 Hy-Line W-36 laying hens were used in this study from 24-52 weeks of age. There were 12 replicate pens with 4 hens per pen, thus 96 pens in total. The study consisted of 8 dietary treatments arranged in a 2x2x2 factorial design. The factors were: diet (containing DDGS or MBM), metabolizable energy (ME) level 2930 Kcal/kg (Phase 1), 2880 …
The Effect Of Natural Antimicrobial Ingredients On The Quality Of Roast Beef And Oven Roasted Turkey, Ace F. Vandewalle
The Effect Of Natural Antimicrobial Ingredients On The Quality Of Roast Beef And Oven Roasted Turkey, Ace F. Vandewalle
Department of Animal Science: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research
This research evaluates the use of a buffered vinegar and lemon juice concentrate (LV) solution on the quality of restructured beef and turkey rolls. Two studies were conducted to evaluate processing and ingredient concentration. Beef and turkey rolls were formulated with minimal ingredients. 1.5% sea salt, 0.5% turbinado sugar, with LV or no LV. Study one evaluated length of mixing time (2.5, 5, 10, 15, 20 minutes) on quality and sensory attributes with 2.5% LV or 0% LV (C). Study two was divided into four treatments, 0% (C), 1.5%, 2.5%, and 3.5% LV, used to evaluate the effects of three …
Interaction Between Roughages And Corn Milling Byproducts In Finishing Cattle Diets, Joshua R. Benton
Interaction Between Roughages And Corn Milling Byproducts In Finishing Cattle Diets, Joshua R. Benton
Department of Animal Science: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research
During ethanol production, starch is the primary nutrient fermented and the remaining byproducts are excellent sources of fiber and protein. In addition, inclusion of byproducts in finishing diets may reduce the incidence of acidosis. As a result, roughage level and quality could potentially be reduced in finishing diets containing byproducts. Three experiments were conducted to examine the effects of roughage and wet corn gluten feed (WCGF) in finishing cattle diets containing corn distillers grains plus solubles. Cattle fed finishing diets containing wet distillers grains plus solubles (WDGS) with no roughage had decreased DMI and ADG compared to cattle fed roughage. …
Estimating Livestock Forage Demand: Defining The Animal Unit, Tonya L. Meyer
Estimating Livestock Forage Demand: Defining The Animal Unit, Tonya L. Meyer
Department of Animal Science: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research
The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of a beef animal’s physiological status on forage intake. The experiment was repeated over two years with six replications of three treatments per year: cow-calf pair (CC; BW = 629 kg), dry cow (DC; BW = 503 kg), and yearling steer (S; BW = 305 kg). The cow and calf were treated as one unit, with cow BW and calf BW comprising CC BW. Calves were approximately 42 d of age and weighing 73 kg at the start of each year. Animals were housed in individual pens and fed high …
Acid Marination For Tenderness Enhancement Of Beef Bottom Round, Jeremey B. Hinkle
Acid Marination For Tenderness Enhancement Of Beef Bottom Round, Jeremey B. Hinkle
Department of Animal Science: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research
Acid marination is known to improve meat tenderness. The objective of this study was to document the tenderness and color effects of marinating m. biceps femoris and to determine optimal acid levels. Acid solutions were prepared to 0.1 M (low) and 0.5 M (high) and pumped to 7% of initial wt. in experiment 1; 0.75 M (low) and 1.5 M (high) and pumped to 10 % of initial wt. in experiment 2. Lactic acid, acetic acid and sodium citrate dihydrate (food grade citric acid) at low and high concentrations gave 6 treatments per experiment. Objective color measurements were taken at …
Effects Of Feeding Distillers Grains On Beef Quality, Amilton S. De Mello Jr.
Effects Of Feeding Distillers Grains On Beef Quality, Amilton S. De Mello Jr.
Department of Animal Science: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research
This research was conducted to understand the effects of feeding finishing diets containing distillers grains on beef quality. In the first and second studies, feeding wet distillers grains plus solubles (WDGS) increased proportions of PUFA, omega 6, omega 6/omega3, and trans fatty acids when compared to corn (P ≤ 0.05). Lipid oxidation was higher in muscles from animals fed WDGS when compared to corn (P ≤ 0.05). The third study examined the effects of feeding levels up to 50% of modified distillers grains plus solubles (MDGS) on fatty acid composition in beef. Linear increase (P ≤ 0.05) …
T10c12 Conjugated Linoleic Acid Causes Delipidation In 3t3-L1 Adipocytes And Mice, Shan Jiang
T10c12 Conjugated Linoleic Acid Causes Delipidation In 3t3-L1 Adipocytes And Mice, Shan Jiang
Department of Animal Science: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research
T10c12 conjugated linoleic acid (t10c12 CLA) causes the reduction of triglyceride contents in adipocytes. T10c12 CLA’s delipidation effect is associated with decreased nutrient uptake, adipogenesis, lipogenesis, and increased energy expenditure, lipolysis, fatty acid oxidation in adipocytes. However, the molecular mechanisms of CLA’s delipidation effects are still unknown. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a central regulator of cellular energy levels, is activated by an increase in the cellular AMP:ATP ratio or various cellular stresses. We demonstrated that t10c12 CLA activated AMPK in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, leading to inhibition of anabolic biosynthesis and increase of energy expenditure. Strong activation of AMPK can induce an …