Animal Sciences Commons^™

Differential Expression Of Cyb5a In Chinese And European Pig Breeds Due To Genetic Variations In The Promoter Region..Pdf, Ying Bai, Jibin Zhang, Y Xue, Yl Peng, Gang Chen, Meiying Fang

Jibin Zhang

Homoplastic Microinversions And The Avian Tree Of Life, Edward Braun, Rebecca Kimball, Kin-Lan Han, Naomi Iuhasz-Velez, Amber Bonilla, Jena Chojnowski, Jordan Smith, Rauri Bowie, Michael Braun, Shannon Hackett, John Harshman, Christopher Huddleston, Ben Marks, Kathleen Miglia, William Moore, Sushma Reddy, Frederick Sheldon, Christopher Witt, Tamaki Yuri

Sushma Reddy

Abstract Background Microinversions are cytologically undetectable inversions of DNA sequences that accumulate slowly in genomes. Like many other rare genomic changes (RGCs), microinversions are thought to be virtually homoplasy-free evolutionary characters, suggesting that they may be very useful for difficult phylogenetic problems such as the avian tree of life. However, few detailed surveys of these genomic rearrangements have been conducted, making it difficult to assess this hypothesis or understand the impact of microinversions upon genome evolution. Results We surveyed non-coding sequence data from a recent avian phylogenetic study and found substantially more microinversions than expected based upon prior information about …

Using Gis Mapping Of The Extent Of Nearshore Rocky Reefs To Estimate The Abundance And Reproductive Output Of Important Fishery Species, Jeremy Claisse, Daniel Pondella, Jonathan Williams, James Sadd

James Sadd

Kelp Bass (Paralabrax clathratus) and California Sheephead (Semicossyphus pulcher) are economically and ecologically valuable rocky reef fishes in southern California, making them likely indicator species for evaluating resource management actions. Multiple spatial datasets, aerial and satellite photography, underwater observations and expert judgment were used to produce a comprehensive map of nearshore natural rocky reef habitat for the Santa Monica Bay region (California, USA). It was then used to examine the relative contribution of individual reefs to a regional estimate of abundance and reproductive potential of the focal species. For the reefs surveyed for fishes (i.e. 18 …

Nesting Piping Plover And Least Tern On The Kansas River, William Busby, Daniel Mulhern, P. Gregory Kramos, David Rintoul, William Tuttle

Daniel Mulhern

A portion of the Kansas River in northeastern Kansas was surveyed by boat and air in 1996 and 1997 for nesting colonies of piping plover (Charadrius melodus) and least tern (Sterna antillarum). Both species were found breeding on sandbars at a total of five sites along a 30-km reach of the Kansas River. In 1996, at least two breeding pair of piping plovers and seven breeding pair of least terns were documented. In 1997, at least one pair of piping plovers and five pairs of least terns bred. These are the first known breeding records for the piping plover in …

Effects Of Corn Crop Residue Grazing On Soil Physical Properties And Subsequent Soybean Production In A Corn- Soybean Crop Rotation (A Progress Report), Justin Clark, Jim Russell, Douglas Karlen, Darrell Busby, L. James Secor, Brian Peterson, Larry Pellack, Carroll Olsen, Shawn Shouse

Douglas L Karlen

Beginning in 1999, two locations in Iowa (Chariton, Atlantic) were used to study the effects of corn residue grazing by beef cows on soil characteristics and soybean yields the following growing season. Cows were allowed to graze inside selected paddocks at monthly periods throughout the fall and winter. For a grazed and ungrazed comparison, grazing exclosures were used inside the grazed paddocks while one paddock was left ungrazed for a control. The use of this design was to determine if grazing had any adverse effects on soil characteristics and at what date and weather conditions did they occur. Also equal …

Effects Of Corn Crop Residue Grazing On Soil Physical Properties And Subsequent Soybean Production In A Corn-Soybean Crop Rotation (A Progress Report), Justin Clark, James R. Russell, Douglas Karlen, Darrell Busby, L. James Secor, Brian Peterson, Larry Pellack, Carroll Olsen, Shawn C. Shouse

Douglas L Karlen

The highest cost to beef cow-calf producers is the feeding of stored feeds in winter months. To lower feed costs, many producers will try to extend the grazing season into the winter. The primary resource for winter grazing in the Midwest is corn crop residues. On the average, corn crop residue grazing will reduce the amount of hay needed to maintain cows by approximately one-half ton per acre grazed over the winter. Although crop residue grazing is quite effective in reducing feed costs, some producers are concerned that corn residue grazing will have an adverse effect on soybean yields the …

Effects Of Corn Crop Residue Grazing On Soil Physical Properties And Subsequent Soybean Production In A Corn–Soybean Crop Rotation (A Progress Report), Justin Clark, James R. Russell, Douglas Karlen, Darrell Busby, L. James Secor, Brian Peterson, Larry Pellack, Carroll Olson, Dallas L. Maxwell, Shawn C. Shouse

Douglas L Karlen

Beginning in 1999, two locations in Iowa (Chariton, Atlantic) were used to study the effects of corn residue grazing by beef cows on soil characteristics and soybean yields the following growing season. Cows were allowed to graze inside selected paddocks at monthly periods throughout the fall and winter. For a grazed and ungrazed comparison, grazing exclosures were used inside the grazed paddocks, while one paddock was left ungrazed for a control. Also, the following year, equal portions of the fields went to no-tillage and disked soil prior to soybean planting so that effects of corn residue grazing on tillage treatments …

Winter Grazing Of Corn Residues: Effects On Soil Properties And Subsequent Crop Yields From A Corn-Soybean Crop Rotation, W. Darrell Busby, James R. Russell, Douglas L. Karlen, L. James Secor, Brian Peterson, Carroll Olson, Shawn C. Shouse, Dallas L. Maxwell

Douglas L Karlen

Corn residues could be a good resource for winter cattle grazing. The study investigates whether winter grazing causes soil compaction and yield reduction in crops that are planted following grazing.

Effects Of Corn Crop Residue Grazing On Soil Physical Properties And Subsequent Soybean Production In A Corn–Soybean Crop Rotation, Justin Clark, James R. Russell, Douglas Karlen, W. Darrell Busby, Brian Peterson, Larry Pellack, Dallas L. Maxwell

Douglas L Karlen

For three years beginning in 1999, a 96-acre field near Atlantic, Iowa was used to study the effects of corn residue grazing by beef cows on soil characteristics and soybean yields in subsequent years. Each winter, cows were allowed to graze corn crop residues inside selected paddocks in four sub-fields over five monthly periods. To compare the effects of grazing, one paddock was left as an ungrazed control. At the end of grazing in the spring, soil bulk density, moisture content, and penetration resistance were measured inside and 15 ft outside twelve grazing exclosures in each paddock. Soil surface roughness, …

Disease Will Limit Future Food Supply From The Global Crustacean Fishery And Aquaculture Sectors, G. Stentiford, D. Neil, E. Peeler, J. Shields, H. Small, T. Flegel, J. Vlak, B. Jones, F. Morado, S. Moss, J. Lotz, Lyric Bartholomay, D. Behringer, C. Hauton, D. Lightner

Lyric Bartholomay

Seafood is a highly traded food commodity. Farmed and captured crustaceans contribute a significant proportion with annual production exceeding 10 M metric tonnes with first sale value of $40bn. The sector is dominated by farmed tropical marine shrimp, the fastest growing sector of the global aquaculture industry. It is significant in supporting rural livelihoods and alleviating poverty in producing nations within Asia and Latin America while forming an increasing contribution to aquatic food supply in more developed countries. Nations with marine borders often also support important marine fisheries for crustaceans that are regionally traded as live animals and commodity products. …

Birds Of The Rocky Mountains—Species Accounts, Pages 242–261: Flycatchers & Larks, Paul A. Johnsgard

Paul Johnsgard

Olive-sided Flycatcher (Contopus borealis) Western Wood"pewee (Contopus sordidulus) Yellow"bellied Flycatcher (Empidonax flaviventris) Alder Flycatcher (Empidonax alnorum) Willow Flycatbher (Empidonax trailli) Least Flycatcher (Empidonax minimus) Hammond's Flycatcher (Empidonax hammondi) Dusky Flycatcher (Empidonax oberholseri) Gray Flycatcher (Empidonax wrightii) Western Flycatcher (Empidonax difficilis) Eastern Phoebe (Sayornis phoebe) Say's Phoebe (Sayornis saya) Vermilion Flycatcher (Pyrocephalus rubinus) Ash-throated Flycatcher (Myiarchus cinerascens) Cassin's Kingbird (Tyrannus vociferus) Western Kingbird (Tyrannus verticalis) Eastern Kingbird (Tyrannus tyrannus) Scissor-tailed Flycatcher (Muscivora forficata) Horned Lark (Eremophila alpestris)

Evaluation Of Animal Model Research, Kenneth J. Shapiro

Kenneth J. Shapiro, PhD

It is argued that a concept of evaluation of animal models that is broader and more useful than validation is available. Productive generativity refers to the degree to which a model furthers understanding and leads to more-effective treatment interventions. Results of the application of this novel evaluative frame to several animal models of eating disorders show that this animal-based research has not been productive. The question of the relation between clinic and animal laboratory is discussed.

Prevalence And Knowledge Of Brucellosis In Dairy Cattle In Makuyu Division, Murang’A County, Kenya, Dr. Michael N. Gicheru, Dr. Eric Mwangi, Mwangi Rachel Mbaire

Innovative Research Publications IRP India

Brucellosis is a cosmopolitan zoonotic disease that affects man, domestic animals and wildlife. The bacteria Brucella abortus is the principle cause of brucellosis in cattle. The incidence of the disease in humans, and which directly relates to that in other animals, is highly dependent on animal husbandry practices, the interaction between humans and animals, living standards, hygiene, food customs, and animal and human population density. Makuyu Division where the study was undertaken experiences hot and dry climate, the area has no permanent rivers and domestic water is obtained from boreholes. Most families live in congested homes and are provided with …

Comment On Faa Rule Revision - Transport Category Aircraft, Paul F. Eschenfelder, Valter Battistoni

Paul F. Eschenfelder

No abstract provided.

Detection Of Panulirus Argus Virus 1 In Caribbean Spiny Lobsters, Megan M. Montgomery-Fullerton, Roland Cooper, Kathryn M. Kauffman, Jeffrey D. Shields, Robert E. Ratzlaff

Roland A. Cooper

Panulirus argus Virus 1 (PaV1) is a pathogenic virus that infects Caribbean spiny lobsters P. argus in the Florida Keys. We have developed a PCR detection assay for PaV1 for the purpose of studying the natural history of the virus and for monitoring the prevalence of infection. The detection of the virus in hemolymph and other tissues is based on the PCR amplification of a 499 bp product using specific primers designed from a cloned fragment of the PaV1 genome. The sensitivity limit for the assay was 1.2 fg of purified viral DNA. The PaV1 primers did not react with …

Detection Of Panulirus Argus Virus 1 (Pav1) In The Caribbean Spiny Lobster Using Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (Fish), Caiwen Li, Jeffrey D. Shields, Hamish J. Small, Kimberly S. Reece, Carmony L. Hartwig, Roland A. Cooper, Robert E. Ratzlaff

Roland A. Cooper

Panulirus argus Virus 1 (PaV1) is the first virus known to be pathogenic to a wild lobster. It infects the Caribbean spiny lobster P. argus from the Florida Keys, and has a predilection for juveniles. The monitoring of the virus in wild populations and study of its behavior in the laboratory require the development of reliable diagnostic tools. A sensitive and specific fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay was developed for detection of PaV1. The lower detection limit using a 110 bp DNA probe in a dot-blot hybridization for PaV1 DNA was 10 pg of cloned template PaV1 DNA and …

Burrow Morphology And Behavior Of The Mud Shrimp Upogebia Omissa (Decapoda: Thalassinidea: Upogebiidae), Vania Rodrigues Coelho, Roland Arthur Cooper, Sergio De Almeida Rodrigues

Roland A. Cooper

The burrow morphology, burrowing behavior and feeding mechanisms of the thalassinidean shrimp Upogebia omissa were studied. Twenty burrow casts were made in situ with epoxy resin, and an overall 'Y' shape was most frequently observed. Several burrows consisted of a single, oblique tunnel; burrow diameter was positively correlated with burrow length, maximum depth and distance between openings. Additionally, burrow length was positively associated with maximum depth, indicating that as burrow length increased burrow depth increased; i.e. burrows spread vertically rather than horizontally. Total sediment displacement by the burrows accounted for 2.6 % of sediment to a depth of 30 cm. …

Physico Chemical, Azhagu Raj Ramakrishnan

Azhaguraj Ramakrishnan

No abstract provided.

Effect Of Biofield Treated Energized Water On The Growth And Health Status In Chicken (Gallus Gallus Domesticus), Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, Alice Branton, Dahryn Trivedi, Gopal Nayak, Sambhu Charan Mondal, Snehasis Jana

Mahendra Kumar Trivedi

Tb181: 2000 Milk Processing Costs In Maine, Timothy J. Dalton, George K. Criner, John Halloran

George K. Criner

The objective of this study is to provide an estimate of the theoretically lowest achievable costs of processing and distributing milk in Maine. This processing and distribution margin (referred hence as "margin") is estimated for a state-of-the-art processing plant assumed to be located in the Portland, Maine, area. The plant is assumed to produce and distribute a line of products including white milk, chocolate milk, orange juice, and other fruit drinks, and to distribute additional purchased products such as cheeses and yogurts. This report will present information for four plants to better study the impact of plant size and production …

B853: Cost Of Producing Milk In Maine: Results From The 2010 Dairy Cost Of Production Survey, Richard Kersbergen, Gary Anderson, George Criner, Anthony Davis

George K. Criner

The present study reports on a survey conducted for the Maine Milk Commission to determine the cost of milk production for 2010. This assessment was undertaken sooner than the normal three-year update because of the difficult economic climate for dairy farms in Maine.

Tb204: Organic Milk Production In Maine: Attributes, Costs, And Returns, Amelia L. Cook, Patrick S. Heacock, George K. Criner, Lisa A. Bragg

George K. Criner

This report summarizes attributes, costs, and returns for organic dairy farms in Maine that responded to the 2008 dairy cost of production survey. This survey and analysis was conducted by the University of Maine in cooperation with the Maine Milk Commission. This publication reports on data collected over the 2007 production year. Analysis and discussion of the data revolve around four categories. The first category averages all 30 organic farms to create a statewide group. The authors then broke these 30 farms into three size groups (small, medium, and large) based on the number of cows on each farm. There …

High Prevalence Of Leucocytozoon Parasites In Nestling Northern Goshawks (Accipiter Gentilis) In The Northern Great Basin, U.S.A., Michelle I. Jeffries, Robert A. Miller, Michelle D. Laskowski, Jay D. Carlisle

Robert Miller

The Northern Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) is currently listed as a sensitive species by the U.S.D.A. Forest Service. Previous research in our study area, the South Hills of the Minidoka Ranger District of the Sawtooth National Forest, Idaho, identified possible signs of parasite infections among the banded adult and nestling goshawks, which could influence their survival and breeding success. Therefore, we sought to quantify the prevalence and intensity of Leucocytozoon parasites among a sample of nestling goshawks in the South Hills during the 2012 breeding season. We sampled 27 nestlings from 12 nests for Leucocytozoon parasites by examining blood smears. All …

A Re-Assessment Of Priority Amphibian Species Of Peru, Edgar Lehr, Laurence Jarvis, Ariadne Angulo, Alessandro Catenazzi, Rudolf Von May, Jason Brown, James Lewis

Edgar Lehr

Peru supports approximately 588 amphibian species, of which 492 have been assessed on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Of these, 111 are classified as Threatened, with 69 species classified as Critically Endangered or Endangered. In addition, 140 amphibian species remain Data Deficient. We re-assessed the conservation status of 38 amphibian species originally identified as potentially Threatened by von May et al. (2008), using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Fourteen species assessments changed as a result of re-assessment, of which eight changed from Data Deficient to Threatened; two changed from Data Deficient to Near Threatened and Least …

The Shellfish Corner: Filter Feeding Bivalves As Processors Of Coastal Waters, Michael Rice

Michael A Rice

Bivalves have a profound role in controlling the boom and bust cycles of seasonal phytoplankton blooms, and the increased rates of sediment deposition to the bottom by bivalves are an important "coupler" between the water column and the bottom that stimulates the rate of decomposition and other processes in the sediments.

Pain In Aquatic Animals, Lynne U. Sneddon

Lynne Sneddon, PhD

Recent developments in the study of pain in animals have demonstrated the potential for pain perception in a variety of wholly aquatic species such as molluscs, crustaceans and fish. This allows us to gain insight into how the ecological pressures and differential life history of living in a watery medium can yield novel data that inform the comparative physiology and evolution of pain. Nociception is the simple detection of potentially painful stimuli usually accompanied by a reflex withdrawal response, and nociceptors have been found in aquatic invertebrates such as the sea slug Aplysia. It would seem adaptive to have a …

What Do Zebrafish Want? Impact Of Social Grouping, Dominance And Gender On Preference For Enrichment, Paul Schroeder, Soffia Jones, Iain S. Young, Lynne U. Sneddon

Lynne Sneddon, PhD

Although environmental enrichment is known to improve laboratory rodent wellbeing and enhance scientific data collection, relatively little is known with regards to the type of enrichment that might be useful for zebrafish (Danio rerio). Therefore, this study explored if zebrafish displayed preferences for a range of enrichments, including substrates, artificial plants, combinations thereof and airstones. Tanks divided into two compartments containing different enrichment cues were used to determine the preferences of zebrafish housed in pairs and groups of eight. When comparing time spent in enriched versus barren compartments, dominant individuals in a pair displayed a preference for substrate and behaviourally …

Wildlife Of The Gold Coast Wetlands, Shelley Burgin, Daryl Mcphee

Daryl McPhee

Extract: Water in the landscape of the Gold Coast is dominated by marine and marine-influenced systems. The most obvious are the in-shore waters abutting the Gold Coast's world-famous beaches and estuaries. Little more than a glance at a map of the city also reveals the extensive canal estates built to take advantage of the marine waters, and indeed expand them. The waters of the rivers mix with the ocean's waters in the estuaries. These ecosystems are valuable nursery areas for marine wildlife, particularly, but not restricted to, fishes of commercial and recreational value.

Marine Environments Of The Gold Coast: Out With The Old, In With The New, Daryl Mcphee

Daryl McPhee

Extract: The marine environments of the Gold Coast comprise one of the most highly modified and heavily utilised waterways in Australia. Chapters 2 and 3 discussed changes in the historic land use patterns. Just what has this meant to the marine environments of the Gold Coast? In this chapter the contemporary marine h abitats of the Gold Coast are described, along with the fauna that those habitats support. We talk about how the current status of the habitats compares with various historical points in time, and the role of novel habitats. Given the impor tance of recreational fishing to both …

The Evolution Of Environmental Management As A Profession In Australia And New Zealand, E. Anderson, W. Haylock, Tor Hundloe, S. Molesworth, M. Morris, J. Roper-Lindsay, P. Skelton, J. Womersley

Tor Hundloe

Environmental management is a relatively new profession, having evolved since the rapid worldwide rise in environmental consciousness in the 1960s. This article, by past presidents of the Environment Institute of Australia and New Zealand, the inaugural editor of the Australasian Journal of Environmental Management, and collaborators, reflects on the establishment and development of environmental management as a profession, and the parallel development of the Institute as the focus for the profession. It concludes by considering future directions for the profession and Institute.