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Full-Text Articles in Animal Sciences
Temporal Variability Of Microbial Response To Crude Oil Exposure In The Northern Gulf Of Mexico, Melissa L. Brock, Rachel Richardson, Melissa Ederington-Hagy, Lisa Nigro, Richard A. Snyder, Wade H. Jeffrey
Temporal Variability Of Microbial Response To Crude Oil Exposure In The Northern Gulf Of Mexico, Melissa L. Brock, Rachel Richardson, Melissa Ederington-Hagy, Lisa Nigro, Richard A. Snyder, Wade H. Jeffrey
VIMS Articles
Oil spills are common occurrences in the United States and can result in extensive ecological damage. The 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico was the largest accidental spill recorded. Many studies were performed in deep water habitats to understand the microbial response to the released crude oil. However, much less is known about how planktonic coastal communities respond to oil spills and whether that response might vary over the course of the year. Understanding this temporal variability would lend additional insight into how coastal Florida habitats may have responded to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. To …
Community Dynamics Under Environmental Extremes: Coastal Plain Wet Prairie In A Natural State And Under Restoration, Cinnamon M. Dixon, Kerry E. Flaherty-Walia, Richard A. Snyder
Community Dynamics Under Environmental Extremes: Coastal Plain Wet Prairie In A Natural State And Under Restoration, Cinnamon M. Dixon, Kerry E. Flaherty-Walia, Richard A. Snyder
VIMS Articles
Ecological restoration is increasingly employed to restore degraded or destroyed ecosystems and evaluation of restoration success requires that natural community dynamics be understood. Wet prairies in the Southeast US have diverse plant communities subject to disturbances including fire, drought, flooding, tropical storms, and freezes. This habitat covers a fraction of its former range and reversing that trend requires ecological restoration; but, long-term data on the dynamics of this system are rare. We analyzed a 12-year plant community composition dataset from a fire-maintained Gulf of Mexico Coastal Plain wet prairie to characterize plant community dynamics and identify indicator species. The site …
A Subtropical Nudibranch, Polycera Hummi (Abbott 1952), Described For The First Time From Virginia, Wissan A. Jawad, Stacy A. Kruger-Hadfield, Paige G. Ross
A Subtropical Nudibranch, Polycera Hummi (Abbott 1952), Described For The First Time From Virginia, Wissan A. Jawad, Stacy A. Kruger-Hadfield, Paige G. Ross
VIMS Articles
We collected an individual Polycera hummi, a subtropical nudibranch, in association with a green macroalga Ulva sp. from an intertidal oyster reef in Burtons Bay, Wachapreague, VA. The established range of P. hummi is based solely on a handful of records from Mississippi and Florida in the Gulf of Mexico and the Carolinas in the Atlantic Ocean. This finding marks the highest latitude that this species has been found, 350 km north of its previously established range from Mississippi to Beaufort, NC. We observed the individual actively navigate the Ulva thallus which had encrusting bryozoans (unidentified genus) and arborescent …
Settlement Of Crassostrea Ariakensis Larvae: Effects Of Substrate, Biofilms, Sediment And Adult Chemical Cues, Mario N. Tamburri, Mark W. Luckenbach, Denise L. Brietburg, Stephanie M. Bonniwell
Settlement Of Crassostrea Ariakensis Larvae: Effects Of Substrate, Biofilms, Sediment And Adult Chemical Cues, Mario N. Tamburri, Mark W. Luckenbach, Denise L. Brietburg, Stephanie M. Bonniwell
VIMS Articles
The Suminoe oyster (Crassostrea ariakensis) is being considered for introduction into the Chesapeake Bay. However, our current understanding of the biology and ecology of C. ariakensis is insufficient to predict whether an introduction will be successful, provide desired benefits, or have adverse impacts. Behavior of native Eastern oyster (C. virginica) pediveligers has been studied for many years and it is well established that they use a variety of habitat characteristics when selecting a site for colonization. Perhaps the most important of these are chemical cues emitted by adult conspecifics, which can lead to gregarious larval settlement and dense, persistent reef …
Post-Settlement Survival And Growth Of The Suminoe Oyster, Crassostrea Ariskensis, Exposed To Simulated Emersion Regimes, P.R. Kingsley-Smith, M.W. Luckenbach
Post-Settlement Survival And Growth Of The Suminoe Oyster, Crassostrea Ariskensis, Exposed To Simulated Emersion Regimes, P.R. Kingsley-Smith, M.W. Luckenbach
VIMS Articles
In high salinity habitats along the Middle and South Atlantic coasts of the United States the Eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica occupies an intertidal refuge from predation, facilitated by its tolerance of aerial exposure and associated desiccation and temperature stress. Observations of the Suminoe oyster, C. ariakensis in its native environments in Asia reveal that this species is most commonly found subtidally or in the very low intertidal zone, suggesting that it may be less tolerant of aerial exposure. With serious consideration being given to introducing C. ariakensis to the mid-Atlantic region, it is important to understand the ability of this …
Ecosystem Services Related To Oyster Restoration, Ld Coen, Rochelle Brumbaugh, D Bushek, R Grizzle, Mark Luckenbach, Et Al
Ecosystem Services Related To Oyster Restoration, Ld Coen, Rochelle Brumbaugh, D Bushek, R Grizzle, Mark Luckenbach, Et Al
VIMS Articles
The importance of restoring filter-feeders, such as the Eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica, to mitigate the effects of eutrophication (e.g. in Chesapeake Bay) is currently under debate. The argument that bivalve molluscs alone cannot control phytoplankton blooms and reduce hypoxia oversimplifies a more complex issue, namely that ecosystem engineering species make manifold contributions to ecosystem services. Although further discussion and research leading to a more complete understanding is required, oysters and other molluscs (e.g. mussels) in estuarine ecosystems provide services far beyond the mere top-down control of phytoplankton blooms, such as (1) seston filtration, (2) benthic–pelagic coupling, (3) creation of refugia …
Effects Of Oyster Population Restoration Strategies On Phytoplankton Biomass In Chesapeake Bay: A Flexible Modeling Approach, Rs Fulford, Dl Brietburg, Rie Newell, Wm Kemp, Mw Luckenbach
Effects Of Oyster Population Restoration Strategies On Phytoplankton Biomass In Chesapeake Bay: A Flexible Modeling Approach, Rs Fulford, Dl Brietburg, Rie Newell, Wm Kemp, Mw Luckenbach
VIMS Articles
Cultural eutrophication in estuaries and other coastal systems has increased over the last 50 yr. Some recently proposed strategies to reverse this trend have included the restoration of bivalve suspension feeders as an ecological tool for reducing phytoplankton biomass. The ecological benefits accruing from such bivalve restoration will be dependent on the characteristics of the estuary, as well as how restoration is implemented. We developed a filtration model to estimate the effect of bivalve restoration on the rate of phytoplankton removal over a range of spatial and temporal scales and used it to compare alternate restoration strategies for the eastern …
Organisms Associated With Oysters Cultured In Floating Systems In Virginia, Usa, Fx O'Beirn, Paige G. Ross, Mark Luckenbach
Organisms Associated With Oysters Cultured In Floating Systems In Virginia, Usa, Fx O'Beirn, Paige G. Ross, Mark Luckenbach
VIMS Articles
The number and abundance of macro-faunal taxa was estimated from six floating structures (floats) used to culture the Eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) near Chincoteague Island. Virginia, USA. After a 10-mo grow-out period, all organisms found among and attached to the cultured oysters were counted. The final mean size of oysters was 80.5 (14.7 SD) mm. Overall, 45 species of macrofauna were recorded with the number of species in the floats ranging from 24 to 36. There was no relationship between the number of taxa and the density of oysters in the floats. Total abundances of associated organisms were estimated at …
A Study Of The Arkshell Clams, Noetia Ponderosa (Say 1822) And Anadara Ovalis (Bruguière 1789), In The Oceanside Lagoons And Tidal Creeks Of Virginia, Katherine A. Mcgraw, Michael Castagna, Loveday Conquest
A Study Of The Arkshell Clams, Noetia Ponderosa (Say 1822) And Anadara Ovalis (Bruguière 1789), In The Oceanside Lagoons And Tidal Creeks Of Virginia, Katherine A. Mcgraw, Michael Castagna, Loveday Conquest
VIMS Articles
Two species of arkshell (''blood'') clams. Noelia ponderosa and Anadara ova/is. have recently been targeted by watermen on the eastern shore of Virginia for sale to both East and West Coast markets in the United States. Until 1991. fishermen caught both species in the harvest of oysters and hard clams, and discarded them as bycatch with little value. Very little is known about either species of blood clam. and preliminary data from a pilot study in 1993 indicated that they were being over-fished. We conducted a survey in September 1994 in the oceanside lagoon system along the eastern shore of …
Comparative Field Study Of Crassostrea Gigas (Thunberg, 1793) And Crassostrea Virginica (Gmelin, 1791) In Relation To Salinity In Virginia, Gustavo W. Calvo, Mark Luckenbach, Standish K. Allen, Eugene Burreson
Comparative Field Study Of Crassostrea Gigas (Thunberg, 1793) And Crassostrea Virginica (Gmelin, 1791) In Relation To Salinity In Virginia, Gustavo W. Calvo, Mark Luckenbach, Standish K. Allen, Eugene Burreson
VIMS Articles
To evaluate and compare the performance of triploid juvenile C. gigas (mean shell height = 19.2 mm) and triploid juvenile Crassostrea virginica (mean shell height = 31.7 mm), 600 oysters of each species were deployed for 1 year in floating mesh cages at three replicate sites within low, medium, and high salinity regimes (respectively,25%) in the Chesapeake Bay and the Atlantic Coast of Virginia. The comparative performance of the two oyster species varied with salinity. At low salinity sites, cumulative mortality of C. virginica (10%) was significantly (P < .05) lower than that of C. gigas (63%), and over-all mean growth rate of C. virginica (2.9 mm mo(-1)) was significantly (P < .05) higher than that of C. gigas (1.6 mm mo(-1)). At medium salinity sites, survival and growth rate of C. virginica and C. gigas were nor significantly (P > .05) different. Both species experienced moderately high cumulative mortality at the medium …
Shell And Pallet Morphology In Early Developmental Stages Of Teredo Navalis Linne (Bivalvia : Teredinidae), S. Cynthia Fuller, Ya-Ping Hu, Richard Lutz, Michael Castagna
Shell And Pallet Morphology In Early Developmental Stages Of Teredo Navalis Linne (Bivalvia : Teredinidae), S. Cynthia Fuller, Ya-Ping Hu, Richard Lutz, Michael Castagna
VIMS Articles
Dimensions of the shell and provinculum distinguish Teredo novalis larvae from the larvae o[ other bivalve mollusks. In the present scanning electron microscopic stud) of shell and pallet morphology during early ontogenetic stages of this species, the characteristic teredinid provinculum, with two interlocking pairs of small teeth and a wide central loath and socket was well-developed in shells 90 μm long. Provinculurn length ranged from 44 to 51 μm during the larval period. Average lengths of provincular teeth of the left valve were 9.6 μm for the anterior tooth and 8.2 μm for the posterior tooth; in the right valve, …
Biological Control Of Crab Predation On Hard Clams Mercenaria Mercenaria (Linnaeus, 1758) By The Toadfish Opsanus Tau (Linnaeus) In Tray Cultures, Robert Bisker, Michael Castagna
Biological Control Of Crab Predation On Hard Clams Mercenaria Mercenaria (Linnaeus, 1758) By The Toadfish Opsanus Tau (Linnaeus) In Tray Cultures, Robert Bisker, Michael Castagna
VIMS Articles
Oyster toadfish Opsanus tau (Linne) were tested as biological controls of crab predation on juvenile hard clams Mercenaria mercenaria (Linne) in trays with crushed stone aggregate. Clam survival after 34 weeks was 69.5% in the presence of toadfish and 2.3% in trays without toadfish. Toadfish reduced the total number of crabs (mud crabs and blue crabs). Crabs in trays with toadfish present had smaller carapace widths.
Predation By The Oyster Toadfish Opsanus Tau (Linnaeus) On Blue Crabs And Mud Crabs, Predators Of The Hard Clam Mercenaria Mercenaria (Linnaeus, 1758), Robert Bisker, Mary Gibbons, Michael Castagna
Predation By The Oyster Toadfish Opsanus Tau (Linnaeus) On Blue Crabs And Mud Crabs, Predators Of The Hard Clam Mercenaria Mercenaria (Linnaeus, 1758), Robert Bisker, Mary Gibbons, Michael Castagna
VIMS Articles
The oyster toadfish, Opsanus tau (Linne), reduces predation by xanthid and portunid crabs on juvenile hard clams, Mercenaria mercenaria (Linne), in field cultures. This study examined the influence of size and species on the predator-prey relationship between toadfish and crabs. The mud crabs Eurypanopeus depressus (Smith), Neopanope sayi (Smith), and Panopeus herbstii Milne Edwards of 5-40 mm carapace width and blue crabs Callinectes sapidus Rathbun of 77-105 mm carapace width were offered to toadfish of 70-322 mm total length. Toadfish predation rates on mud crabs were higher with increasing toadfish size and lower with increasing crab size. Toadfish injured or …
Fishery And Culture Of Selected Bivalves In Mexico: Past, Present And Future, Erik Baqueiro, Michael Castagna
Fishery And Culture Of Selected Bivalves In Mexico: Past, Present And Future, Erik Baqueiro, Michael Castagna
VIMS Articles
This paper reviews the culture of selected bivalves of Mexico. Most species are utilized locally, but there is potential for some exports. The culture and fisheries of bivalves are often hampered by lack of information and restrictive regulations. Pinctada mazatlanica was grown for pearls and pearl shell production in the early 1900s. The methods used for its culture are reviewed. The culture of a few commercial species has shown encouraging results. Over 10,000 kilometers of coastal area with more than 1.5 million hectares of coastal lagoons and bays, plus a subtropical climate, give Mexico a great potential for the development …
Predation On Single Spat Oysters Crassostrea Virginica (Gmelin) By Blue Crabs Callinectes Sapidus Rathbun And Mud Crabs Panopeus Herbstii Milne-Edwards, Robert Bisker, Michael Castagna
Predation On Single Spat Oysters Crassostrea Virginica (Gmelin) By Blue Crabs Callinectes Sapidus Rathbun And Mud Crabs Panopeus Herbstii Milne-Edwards, Robert Bisker, Michael Castagna
VIMS Articles
Single spat oysters Crassostrea virginica of four size classes (3.4-24.6 mm mean shell heights [SH]) were offered to six size classes of blue crabs Ca/linectes sapidus (9.3-85.5 mm mean carapace width [CW]) and five size classes of mud crabs Panopeus herbstii (7.1-34.4 mm mean CW) for 48 hr. Predation rate, recorded as the number of dead oyster spat/crab/day, was directly proportional to crab size and inversely proportional to oyster size. Mud crabs of 34.4 mm CW and blue crabs of 85 .5 mm CW had predation rates of 22.5 and 16.7 spat/crab/day on oyster spat of 24.6 and 24.4 mm …
Effect Of Air-Supersaturated Sea Water On Argopecten Irradians Concentricus (Say) And Crassostrea Virginica (Gmelin), Robert Bisker, Michael Castagna
Effect Of Air-Supersaturated Sea Water On Argopecten Irradians Concentricus (Say) And Crassostrea Virginica (Gmelin), Robert Bisker, Michael Castagna
VIMS Articles
Argopecten irradians concentricus and Crassostrea virginica were exposed to several different levels of supersaturated seawater at temperatures ranging from 10 to 2!°C. Gas bubble trauma occurred at a total gas saturation level of 116%, causing mortality in juvenile A. i. concentricus and reduced growth in juvenile C. virginica.
Responses Of The Hard Clam Mercenaria Mercenaria (Linne) To Induction Of Spawning By Serotonin., M.C. Gibbons, M. Castagna
Responses Of The Hard Clam Mercenaria Mercenaria (Linne) To Induction Of Spawning By Serotonin., M.C. Gibbons, M. Castagna
VIMS Articles
lam size, sex of clam, concentration of serotonin, and site of administration of serotonin were found to influence the mduction of spawning in the hard clam Mercenaria mercenaria (Linne). Overall, male clams greater than 36.4 mm thickness were ~ore likely_ to spawn in response to ser~ton~n i_njection at concentrations of 0.2 or 2.0-mM. Administration of serotonin by injection m the antenor adductor muscle resulted m sJgmficantly more spawnings than intragonadal injection or dispersal in water surrounding the incurrent siphon.
The Effect Of Various Levels Of Air-Supersaturated Seawater On Mercenaria Mercenaria (Linne), Mulinia Lateralis (Say), And Mya Arenaria Linne, With Reference To Gas-Bubble Disease, Robert Bisker, Michael Castagna
The Effect Of Various Levels Of Air-Supersaturated Seawater On Mercenaria Mercenaria (Linne), Mulinia Lateralis (Say), And Mya Arenaria Linne, With Reference To Gas-Bubble Disease, Robert Bisker, Michael Castagna
VIMS Articles
Supersaturated seawater was produced in a flow-through system by injecting air into a pressurized seawater line. Mercenaria mercenaria, Mulinia lateralis, and Mya arenaria were exposed to several different levels of supersaturated seawater at temperatures ranging from 5 to 17°C. Gas-bubble disease occurred at total gas saturation levels of 108% in juveniles of M. lateralis and 114% in juveniles of M. arenaria. Air blisters in the tissue, flotation, and mortality were observed at these levels. Reduced growth in juveniles of M. mercenaria was found at a total gas saturation level of 115%.
The Effects Of Seed Size, Shell Bags, Crab Traps, And Netting On The Survival Of The Northern Hard Clam Mercenaria Mercenaria (Linne), John N. Kraeuter, Michael Castagna
The Effects Of Seed Size, Shell Bags, Crab Traps, And Netting On The Survival Of The Northern Hard Clam Mercenaria Mercenaria (Linne), John N. Kraeuter, Michael Castagna
VIMS Articles
Seed size at planting is the dominant factor affecting hard clam survival to marketable size when field grow-out techniques are used. The use of plastic mesh nets, crab traps, and wire mesh bags (filled with oyster shells) alone or in combination can be used to increase survival of hard clams of ~ 6 to 8-mm shell height. These techniques do not provide sufficient protection for 2-mm seed. The combination of net + crab trap + shell bag was nearly twice as effective as the net alone when 10 to 14-mm seed was used and over five times as effective as …
Rib Number And Shell Color In Hybridized Subspecies Of The Atlantic Bay Scallop, Argopecten Irradians, John Kraeuter, Laura Adamkewicz, Michael Castagna, Robert Wall, Richard Karney
Rib Number And Shell Color In Hybridized Subspecies Of The Atlantic Bay Scallop, Argopecten Irradians, John Kraeuter, Laura Adamkewicz, Michael Castagna, Robert Wall, Richard Karney
VIMS Articles
Bay scallops, Argopecten irradians (Lamarck), from populations with low rib number (Texas) and high rib number (Virginia) were bred separately and also hybridized. The results suggest that rib number is under genetic control and that the two populations are genetically differentiated. Scallops taken from a population polymorphic for shell color (Massachusetts) were bred in groups, each group containing a single color. The results suggest that color is also under genetic control and is not strongly influenced by the environment
Thermal Tolerance In Embryos And Larvae Of The Bay Scallop Argopecten Irradians Under Simulated Power Plant Entrainment Conditions, D. A. Wright, W. H. Roosenburg, M. Castagna
Thermal Tolerance In Embryos And Larvae Of The Bay Scallop Argopecten Irradians Under Simulated Power Plant Entrainment Conditions, D. A. Wright, W. H. Roosenburg, M. Castagna
VIMS Articles
Thermal tolerance was tested in cleavage stages, trochophores and straight hinge larvae of the bay scallop Argopecten irradians. Experiments were designed to simulate larval entrainment in power plant cooling systems. An 11 (temperature) x 8 (time) matrix was used with temperatures ranging from 20.6 to 43.0 oc and exposure times from 1 min to 6 h. Pooled mortality data from triplicate experiments for each larval stage were subjected to stepwise regression analysis (Yarcsine % mortality on temperature and time). Equations derived from these analyses, comprising first, second and third order terms for temperature and time, were used to generate response …
Chemical Induction Of Spawning By Serotonin In The Ocean Quahog Arctica Islandica (Linne), M. C. Gibbons, J. G. Goodsell, M. Castagna, R. Lutz
Chemical Induction Of Spawning By Serotonin In The Ocean Quahog Arctica Islandica (Linne), M. C. Gibbons, J. G. Goodsell, M. Castagna, R. Lutz
VIMS Articles
Serotonin injected into the anterior adductor muscle induced spawning in the ocean quahog Arcrica islandica (Linne) when using either individual or mass spawning techniques. This represents the fir st successful attempt to induce the release of gametes in this species which historically has been unresponsive to conventional spawning stimuli. The gametes released were competent and fertilization occurred without treating the encapsulated eggs with ammonium hydroxide or other chemicals. Larvae were reared through metamorphosis to early juvenile stage.
Culture Methods For Growing The Clam Mercenaria Mercenaria, Michael Castagna
Culture Methods For Growing The Clam Mercenaria Mercenaria, Michael Castagna
VIMS Articles
A pilot-scale experimental clam farming operation has been carried out since 1975 by the Virginia Institute of Marine Science of the College of William and Mary at Wachapreague, Virginia, on the mid Atlantic coast of the United States. The bivalve Mercenaria mercenaria (Linne, 1758) grown in this experiment is a commercially-important mollusk found principally in the central latitudes of the Western Atlantic.
Preliminary Observations On The Usefulness Of Hinge Structures For Identification Of Bivalve Larvae, R. Lutz, J. Goodsell, M. Castagna, S. Chapman, C. Newell, H. Hidu, R. Mann, Et Al
Preliminary Observations On The Usefulness Of Hinge Structures For Identification Of Bivalve Larvae, R. Lutz, J. Goodsell, M. Castagna, S. Chapman, C. Newell, H. Hidu, R. Mann, Et Al
VIMS Articles
Difficulties associated with discrimination of bivalve larvae isolated from plankton samples have long hampered both applied and basic research efforts in estuarine and open coastal marine environments. The vast majority of practical barriers to identification of larval bivalves may be eliminated through routine optical microscopic examination of the hinge apparatus of disarticulated larval shells. Representative micrographs of various ontogenetic stages of larval hinge development are presented for 12 genera (Mytilus, Geukensia, Crassostrea, Placopecten. Argopecten. Mya, Spisula, Mulinia, Ensis, Arca, Arctica. and Mercenaria) from 9 bivalve superfamilies (Mytilacea, Ostreacea. Pectinacea, Myacea, Mactracea. Solenacea, Arcacea, Arcticacea. and Veneracea). The larval hinge apparatus …
Effects Of Large Predators On The Field Culture Of The Hard Clam, Mercenaria Mercenaria, Jn Kraeuter, M Castagna
Effects Of Large Predators On The Field Culture Of The Hard Clam, Mercenaria Mercenaria, Jn Kraeuter, M Castagna
VIMS Articles
Individuals in the clam industry h ave used fences to keep the cownose ray, Rhirioptera bonasus, out of planted areas (Lewis 2 ; Burton3 ). Tiller et al. ( 1952) indicated losses due to skates in planted holding areas and stated that "One man reported the loss of 600 bushels of small clams in two nights during 1948 .... " Merriner and Smith4 stated that cownose ray predation is a serious problem on oyster and clam grounds in Chesapeake Bay. From these observations it is clear that such large predators could be a significant deterrent to the culture of clams …
Mercenaria Culture Using Stone Aggregate For Predator Protection, Michael Castagna, John N. Kraeuter
Mercenaria Culture Using Stone Aggregate For Predator Protection, Michael Castagna, John N. Kraeuter
VIMS Articles
A low technology method utilizing hatchery-raised seed clams and field grow-out techniques is presented.This technique appears to be economically feasible and can be carried out by non-technical personnel with a minimum of training. The hatchery uses the Wells-Glancy (centrifuged, incubated seawater) method for raising food for the larval clams. The larvae set in 8 - 10 days and the seed are supplied with flowing seawater until they grow to 2 mm. The 2 mm seed were placed in nursery plots and protected from predation by a layer of gravel or crushed stone aggregate. Movement of the small clams was prevented …
Culture Of The Bay Scallop, Argopecten Irradians, In Virginia, Michael Castagna
Culture Of The Bay Scallop, Argopecten Irradians, In Virginia, Michael Castagna
VIMS Articles
In recent years there has been increased interest in the development of marine aquaculture or mariculture. Techniques for growing many traditional species. such as oysters and quahogs. have been developed, and considerable effort has also been made to test the feasibility of culturing new . less traditional species (Loosanoff and Davis,1963 : Iversen. 1968; McNeil, 1970; Price and Maurer, 1971: and Milne ,1972). This paper reviews the natural history of the bay scallop. Argopecten irradians Lamarck, and presents a review of the Virginia Institute of Marine Science's (VIMS) continuing research on this species which began in 1968.
Mercenaria Mercenaria (Mollusca: Bivalvia): Temperature-Time Relationships For Survival Of Embryos And Larvae, Vs Kennedy, Wh Roosenburg, M Castagna, Ja Mihursky
Mercenaria Mercenaria (Mollusca: Bivalvia): Temperature-Time Relationships For Survival Of Embryos And Larvae, Vs Kennedy, Wh Roosenburg, M Castagna, Ja Mihursky
VIMS Articles
To estimate the effects of entrainment of Mercenaria mercenaria embryos and larvae in the cooling water systems of steam-electric power plants, we used a thermal gradient apparatus. Cleavage stages, trochophore larvae and straight-hinge veliger larvae were subjected to 11 different temperatures for 8 different time periods. There was a direct relationship of mortality with temperature increase and, at higher temperatures , with increase in time exposure. As the clams aged, temperature tolerance increased, with cleavage stages most sensitive to higher temperature and straight-hinge larvae least sensitive. Multiple regression analyses of percentage mortality on temperature and time produced estimating equations that …
Rearing The Bay Scallop, Aequipecten Irradians, Michael Castagna, William Duggan
Rearing The Bay Scallop, Aequipecten Irradians, Michael Castagna, William Duggan
VIMS Articles
Bay scallops, Acquipcctcn irradians, collected from various bays along the Eastern Shore of Virginia and from Bogue Sottnd, North Carolina, were conditoned and spawned in the laboratory, out of their normal spawning period. A thermal stimulus of 21-2100 was used to stimulate spawning, and larvae set in 10-19 days using cultured algae as food. Juvenile scallops were held in plastic trays in the laboratory for one week, then moved to outdoor tanks with flowing, unfiltered seawater. They remained there until they were about 2 mm in width, then moved to plastic screened wooden floats in the field where they reached …
Larval Development Of The Pelecypod Lyonsia Hyalina, P. Chanley, M. Castagna
Larval Development Of The Pelecypod Lyonsia Hyalina, P. Chanley, M. Castagna
VIMS Articles
Lyonsia hyalina (Conrad) is a small ( 1/2 to 3/4 inch) odd shaped clarn (Fig·. I) common along the Atlantic Coast from Nova Scotia to South Carolina (Abbott, 1954). It is usually found in sand in shallow water with a coating of small sand grains attached to the periostracurn. (...)