Animal Sciences Commons^™

W257 Equine Disposal Options In Tennessee, Bridgett Mcintosh, Fred Hopkins, Justin Rhinehart

Animals/Livestock

Version 2.0

Pb1651-Pasture For Horses, The University Of Tennessee Agricultural Extension Service

Animals/Livestock

Properly managed pastures can provide much of the feed needed by horses, while providing the most natural and healthy environment for exercise and rest. For most classes of horse, a well-managed pasture can provide all of the nutrients needed by the animal. For horses with elevated nutrient requirements (i.e., growth, reproduction, exercise), pasture should be an important part of their nutritional program. Productive pastures can provide an inexpensive, high-quality portion of the horse diet, while a poorly managed pasture will supply limited, low-quality feed. Poorly managed pastures will be unattractive and could potentially be the cause of some health/nutritional problems.

Pb1741-Horse Welfare, The University Of Tennessee Agricultural Extension Service

Animals/Livestock

In Tennessee, horses are commonly owned throughout the state. Tennessee law requires that all animals have necessary water, feed, shelter and care. This publication defines what are considered the minimum requirements for horses in these areas. It is important to remember that these represent only the minimums, and horse owners should strive to provide care above these levels.

Pb1760-Tennessee 4-H Horse Championships Handbook, The University Of Tennessee Agricultural Extension Service

Animals/Livestock

This handbook is to serve as a guide for conducting the Tennessee 4-H Horse Show, Public Speaking, Team and Individual Demonstration Contests and the State 4-H Horse Judging Contest. Extension agents, 4-H Club members, parents, leaders and others involved with these events should read and become familiar with these rules, accept the responsibility to follow these guidelines and, upon signature and submission of entry forms, agree to abide by the rules and regulations. These rules are taken directly and indirectly from breed association rule books and altered to accommodate the Tennessee 4-H Horse Program participants.

Tnh1006- Emergency First Aid For Horses, The University Of Tennessee Agricultural Extension Service

Animals/Livestock

You come home after a long, hard day at work and go to the barn to feed. Your gelding, named “Disaster,” has a deep cut on his forearm and the cut is bleeding in spurts. What do you do?

An emergency is a medical condition that requires immediate care. Sensible emergency care can prevent the problem from worsening, reduce discomfort and promote more rapid correction of the problem. The cut described above could result in a dangerous blood loss and quickly become infected if first aid is not given.

The most common veterinary complaints seen in horses are colic, lacerations …

Tnh1005-Routine Health Care For Horses, The University Of Tennessee Agriculture Extension Service

Animals/Livestock

Health and well being in animals cannot be achieved by use of vaccines and feed additives alone. Healthy horses are fed well and kept in facilities in good repair. They are seen by their caregivers often, and small problems are not allowed to become big ones. Healthy horses also receive animal health products that have been properly stored and are used according to label directions. The three most frequent veterinary complaints in horses are colic, lacerations and lameness. Special attention should be paid to preventing these problems. Horse health care need not be expensive but does need to be comprehensive. …

Tnh0004-Nutritional Needs Of Horses, The University Of Tennessee Agricultural Extension Service

Animals/Livestock

Horses, as well as other animals, should be fed according to their nutritional needs. Horses’ nutritional requirements are based on stage of production and activity. The categories that determine nutrient requirements are maintenance, gestation, lactation, growth and work. The horse is then fed to meet those nutrient needs. Maintenance requirements are those requirements needed for a horse to simply maintain its present body status, neither gaining nor losing weight. Pregnant mares during late gestation require additional nutrients above maintenance to sustain body weight and provide for the growing fetus.

Nutritional requirements dramatically increase during lactation. This is the stage of …

Tnh0006-Rations For Horses, The University Of Tennessee Agricultural Extension Service

Animals/Livestock

Horse owners and other livestock producers have traditionally classified certain feeds as either horse feed, cattle feed or hog feed. Many horse owners believed they had to feed their horses oats and timothy hay and generally paid higher prices for these feeds. Now they have realized that these higher costs were not justified.

Today, horse owners are more aware of alternate feedstuffs. They realize that oats, corn, grain sorghum, timothy hay, alfalfa hay, soybean meal and cottonseed meal are simply sources of basic nutrients. There is nothing magic about any of these feeds; they are simply a way to meet …

Tnh3002- Locating And Buying The Right Horse, The University Of Tennessee Agricultural Extension Service

Animals/Livestock

Millions of people enjoy their horses each day. The horse owner can receive years of enjoyment and satisfaction from locating and buying the RIGHT horse. The physical exercise and mental relaxation derived from a safe, well-trained horse can justify the expense associated with this form of recreation. A ride on a trail, completing a difficult hunt course or teaching a foal to lead are experiences that happen daily in the lives of horse owners.

The relationship between a horse and rider can be unparalleled if the right horse is chosen. This fact sheet will assist horse owners in not only …

Tnh3003- Management Tips For The Newborn And Growing Foal, The University Of Tennessee Agricultural Extension Service

Animals/Livestock

Proper care and management of the young foal will have a great impact on its future performance. The foal will never maximize its genetic potential without the right start. A few simple management considerations at foaling time can help put the newborn foal in the “winner’s circle.” This fact sheet addresses immediate management practices for the newborn foal as well as health and nutritional protocols for the young growing foal.

Tnh4002-Control Of Internal Parasites Of The Horse, The University Of Tennessee Agricultural Extension Service

Animals/Livestock

The health of the equine population is a primary concern for horse owners because it is related to reproduction, growth, performance and the overall well-being of the horse. A rigid herd health protocol for parasite control will never fit every individual situation; however, there are certain guidelines that all good horse owners can follow in establishing a parasite management program. Horse owners must review the problems of their particular farm or locality and make the herd health program fit the individual situation.

More than 150 types of internal parasites are known to infect horses. However, from a practical standpoint, the …

Tnh6000-Evaluating Skeletal Structure Of Horses, The University Of Tennessee Agricultural Extension Service

Animals/Livestock

Structural correctness ultimately determines the value and usefulness of a horse. Regardless of whether the horse is a favorite at the Derby or a youth’s pleasure mount, length and angle of the bone structure combined with skeletal correctness play a critical role in the usefulness of the athlete. As the number and severity of structural problems increase, the expected life, activity and performance of the horse are severely limited.

Tnh-6001-Evaluating Conformation Of Horses, The University Of Tennessee Agricultural Extension Service

Animals/Livestock

Conformation is important to all breeds and types of horses because of its relationship to performance. The well-conformed horse will be a superior athlete. The competent horse judge or evaluator will recognize the differences between individuals and select the more desirably conformed horse. The information in this fact sheet will serve as a tool for a student of horse evaluation to improve his or her evaluation skills.

Tnh1001-Basic Broodmare Management, The University Of Tennessee Agricultural Extension Service

Animals/Livestock

Volumes of material have been written on broodmare management. However, much of the material is extremely detailed and is of little use to the average horse owner who wants to breed a mare. There is a need for a common sense approach to managing the broodmare. This common sense approach, combined with scientific management principles, will allow for a successful breeding program. This paper will address basic principles related to management of broodmares that include nutrition, condition scoring, herd health, lighting programs, the estrous cycle and receptivity to breeding.

Tnh1002-Cooled Shipped Horse Semen, The University Of Tennessee Agricultural Extension Service

Animals/Livestock

Imagine that you have a really great mare you plan to breed again once she foals. You have recently seen the perfect stallion for this mare at a show in Asheville, North Carolina. Unfortunately, the stallion will be standing this breeding season in California. The expense of shipment and mare care plus concerns for the well-being of the mare and foal make sending the mare to California seem a bad idea. What can you do? Cooled shipped semen may be the answer. With proper management and attention to detail, cooled shipped semen can be used successfully. If either you or …

Tnh1003-Embryo Transfer In Mares, The University Of Tennessee Agricultural Extension Service

Animals/Livestock

Embryo transfer (ET), an advanced reproductive technology, has several potential uses in equine reproduction. ET can be used to increase the annual reproductive rates in mares. For example, some breed associations will allow multiple foals to be registered annually per donor mare. Young mares (2 years old) can have offspring through ET where otherwise this might not be a good idea. Females in use for shows, training or exhibition can have offspring without being removed from their primary use. Last, less fertile mares — particularly those with uterine problems — can have foals.

Tnh1004-Modern Equine Breeding Management, The University Of Tennessee Agricultural Extension Service

Animals/Livestock

Horse reproduction is an inefficient process with less than 50 percent of the mares that are bred each year foaling. A number of newer techniques are available to improve efficiency, but all require attention to detail. Many require competent technical assistance and access to prescription drugs. This fact sheet will address topics related to improving reproduction. These include forced ovulation, estrus control, artificial insemination, cooled shipped semen, frozen semen and embryo transfer.

Tnh3000-Traveling With Your Horse, The University Of Tennessee Agricultural Service

Animals/Livestock

Almost everyone who owns a horse will eventually travel with that horse. The traveling time can be enjoyable and a good experience. Proper planning and preparation to transport horses is the key to a pleasant and successful trip

People go almost everywhere with their horses. Many go to shows and other competitive horse events. Trail rides and camping are also appealing to many horse owners. Trips to shows and trail rides are primarily for pleasure and enjoyment. However, some trips are for business — to breeding farms, horse sales and training clinics.

Horse owners should address a number of considerations …

Tnh3005-Standing A Stallion To The Public, The University Of Tennessee Agricultural Extension Service

Animals/Livestock

Most breeding farms or stallion owners must depend on stallion service income (breeding fees) from outside (public) mares to financially support the total horse operation. Since standing a stallion does have financial consequences, it is very important to understand some basic management concepts when standing a stallion to the public.

Most stallion owners initially purchase a stallion to breed their own mares. However, by breeding outside mares, the stallion owner is able to reduce the fixed costs of owning a stallion, increase the number of mares bred and subsequently increase the number of foals available to evaluate the stallion as …

Tnh3004-Weaning Management For Foals, The University Of Tennessee Agricultural Extension Service

Animals/Livestock

Weaning is stressful on both the mare and foal. Many times horse producers wean foals with little regard to the emotional and physical stress that often arises. They typically wean their foals based on tradition or mere convenience. However, in today’s highly productive horse operations, many considerations are given to the weaning process that will have a positive influence on the health and general well-being of the mare and foal. This fact sheet will assist the horse owner in developing a weaning management program. Some of the weaning management considerations include: keeping stress level to a minimum, creep feeding, adequate …

Tnh3001-Tips On Trailering Your Horse, The University Of Tennessee Agricultural Extension Service

Animals/Livestock

In today’s mobile horse industry, horses are trailered as part of a daily routine at many horse operations. The primary destination is probably horse shows, but horse owners also have to trailer horses to veterinarians, farriers, breeding farms or to a trail for an enjoyable ride.

A horse that will not trailer has limited usefulness. Many considerations and decisions have to be made to trailer your horse properly and safely. The vehicle to pull the trailer, the type of trailer and training the horse to load and trailer are important considerations that will be addressed in this fact sheet.

Tnh4001-Control Of Infectious Diseases Of Horses, The University Of Tennessee Agricultural Extension Service

Animals/Livestock

An effective disease control program is extremely important to maintain the health and usefulness of a horse. A disease control program is just part of a total management scheme of proper health, nutrition, reproduction, growth and performance. A healthy, disease- free horse will have the opportunity to maximize its genetic potential or simply carry the horse owner on a Sunday afternoon pleasure ride. This fact sheet will provide Tennessee horse owners information about diseases and their control.

Tnh3006-Safety At Horse Shows, The University Of Tennessee Agricultural Extension Service

Animals/Livestock

Safety at horse events, such as horse shows, should always be given the highest possible priority. The horse show environment with many different horses and people mixed together in a sometimes hurried and stressful situation is a blueprint for violations of basic safety procedures.

Each year thousands of horse-related injuries occur in the United States. However, many of these accidents could be prevented by observing some basic safety principles. Safety for both riders and horses is a responsibility shared by everyone, including exhibitors, parents, trainers and show management.

Tnh1000-Heat Detection And Teasing Systems For Mares, The University Of Tennessee Agricultural Service

Animals/Livestock

An observant teasing manager, an effective teaser and a safe, efficient teasing system are the bases for accurate heat detection in the mare. These factors, combined with a thorough knowledge of sexual behavior in mares and a detailed set of records are necessary for a successful breeding season. Pregnancy rates in mares are the lowest of any domestic animal. Only about one half of all mares bred will become pregnant and foal the next year. Pregnancy rates can increase substantially if managers can do a better job of heat detection in mares. Accurate teasing records, combined with rectal palpation or …

Pb1478-Horse Pest Management, The University Of Tennessee Agricultural Extension Service

Animals/Livestock

Insect and related parasites cause direct and indirect damage to horses. They feed on the horses; cause irritation; spread diseases; and cause digestive upsets, poor condition and retarded growth. Therefore, strong parasite control programs are needed.

Many different flies are pests of horses. Basically, they may be divided into three groups by their feeding habits. Sponging mouthparts, found on house flies and face flies, are used to sponge or sop up liquid foods. Stable flies, horn flies, horse flies and mosquitoes use piercing mouthparts to pierce the host animal's skin so that they may feed on blood. Some flies, such …