Agriculture Commons^™

The Core Microbiome Of Fluvisols From The Vistula River Valley: Relationships Between Bacteria And Basic Soil Properties, Karolina Furtak, Anna Marzec-Grządziel, Jarosław Grządziel, Jacek Niedźwiecki

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Fluvisols develop in river valleys through the accumulation of alluvial sediments. They are characterised by high fertility and are extensively used for agriculture. This study aimed to identify the core microbiome of fluvisols in the Vistula Valley and to examine its relationship with the basic physicochemical properties of the soils. Six types of fluvisol (very light, light, medium, and heavy) from four locations in Lublin province were analysed, with samples collected in 2018 and 2022. The microbiome structure was determined by sequencing the V3–V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene and was compared with soil parameters such as pH, electrical …

Owl Integrations Soil Monitor, Derek Chau, Armaan Kahlon

Electrical Engineering

This paper examines the design process and results concerning the OWL Integrations soil monitor. Disaster relief relies heavily on digital communications, especially in environments where conventional methods (e.g. Wi-Fi, cellular, fiber optics) are unusable. To help emergency services assess disaster-stricken areas, a soil monitoring system was developed using LilyGo T-Beams (ESP32), programmed with specialized firmware known as the ClusterDuck Protocol to collect data pertaining to moisture and temperature. The project is sponsored by OWL Integrations, with help from the Cal Poly Electrical Engineering (EE) Department. Results show positive prospects, with the product able to make 4 km transmissions, operate for …

Below-Ground Carbon Gradients Surrounding Saskatchewan's Native Agricultural Copses, Andrea V. Cline, Colin P. Laroque

Aspen Bibliography

As carbon markets develop, understanding the carbon storage capabilities of agricultural land is imperative to maximizing carbon storage. Ecosystems store two-thirds of their carbon below ground. Shrubland and shelterbelt carbon storage have been well documented in agricultural settings, yet little is known about the carbon stored under the native woody vegetation scattered across the Prairies. This study aims to be the first to quantify the below-ground carbon under and around these native trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) copses in the Canadian Prairies. For this study, the leaf, fibric, humic layer (LFH) and soil samples up to 60cm were collected …

The Ancient And Present Geomorphology And Sedimentology Of Miska (Pp. 173–177), Oren Ackermann

'Atiqot

The site of Miska is located in the Sharon region, in the central part of the Israeli coastal plain. The region is characterized by a series of red sandy soils (ḥamra) that had developed atop stabilized sand dunes. A section cut in Area A—where a refuse pit and industrial deposits of glass manufacture were unearthed—revealed a dense accumulation of ash and evidence of an ancient active channel with a low-energy water flow regime. Yellow sandy material, apparently of natural origin, which was found at the bottom of the section, might have been exploited for the manufacturing of glass at the …

Western Australian Soil Groups - A Diagnostic Key To Identify Soils In Western Australia (5th Edition), Paul Galloway, Dennis Van Gool, Angela Stuart-Street, Edward A. Griffin, Shahab Pathan, Noel R. Schoknecht

Resource management technical reports

The aim of the Western Australian soil groups (WA soil groups) is to classify soils of Western Australia into a limited set using criteria that are easy to recognise in the field. It is a general-purpose classification with a focus on agronomic and rangeland grazing potential. The WA soil groups are designed for WA needs. It complements the Australian Soil Classification (ASC) by grouping the continuum of soils into a limited set of soil types, which simplifies soil variability for generalists, allows soil surveyors to create standardised soil-type legends for mapping products and permits further analyses of spatial data for …

Canola – Essentials For Growing A Successful Crop, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Grains and other field crops factsheets

Ensuring the basics of canola agronomy are followed can minimise the financial risk of growing canola, which can be higher than other crops due to high input costs, particularly seed and fertiliser.

A Midwest Perspective On Biochar Integration In Extension, Blake C. Colclasure, Elizabeth Bose, Jack Dempsey, Taylor K. Ruth

Journal of Human Sciences and Extension

Biochar can be considered a climate-smart, agricultural soil amendment due to its ability to provide long-term storage of carbon. Research examining the impacts of biochar-enriched soils reported improved soil characteristics often leading to agricultural benefits, especially in nutrient-poor soils. Despite the potential use of biochar in the Midwest, United States, few studies have examined biochar in Extension. This study, guided by the Theory of Reasoned Action, used survey methodology to collect information on Midwest Extension agents’ (n = 125) knowledge, attitudes, and subjective normative beliefs toward biochar. These factors, along with agents’ demographics and perceptions toward sustainable soil amendments, were …

Biostimulant-Mediated Cellular Repair By Improving Antioxidant Dynamics And Osmoregulation Against Metal Stress In Canola, Hina Kanwal, Iram Shoaib, Ali Noman, Muhammad Faisal Maqsood, Rashda Naheed, Omar Mahmoud Alzoubi, Mohamed Hashem, Rehab Elnour, Fahad Mohammed Alzuaibr, Noreen Khalid, Muhammad Kashif Irshad, Muhammad Aqeel

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Global crop yield and growth are severely impacted by hazardous heavy metal contamination of the soil and water. This study examined the effects on a range of physiological, biochemical, and morphological parameters of two canola (Brassica napus L.) cultivars, Punjab (V1) and Super (V2), when they were subjected to three different levels of cadmium (Cd) stress (0, 1.5, and 2.25 mM) and foliar application of biostimulant, i.e., Moringa leaf extract (MLE). Plants in V1 (Punjab) collect more Cd in both their aerial and subterranean sections than in V2 (Super).The morphological and physiological indicators showed a substantial (p < 0.05) deterioration as a result of the Cd buildup. Ascorbic acid and malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were considerably (p < 0.05) elevated under Cd stress. V1 has considerably higher H2O2 values than Super (V2), which suggests that oxidative stress levels there are higher. Additionally, the activity of some antioxidant enzymes, such as catalase and peroxidase (65 and 40%, respectively), were reduced by a higher concentration of Cd (2.25 mM). V2 demonstrated stronger antioxidant defence mechanisms than V1, as seen by a 115% rise in POD activity, a 70% increase in shoot fresh weight, and a 49% increase in amino acids following MLE spray. Despite this, the V2 was still able to withstand Cd. Under Cd stress, foliar treatment of MLE increased both kinds' yield, growth, biochemical, and physiological characteristics. The findings indicated that applying MLE foliar spray can improve crop productivity and lessen the impacts of metals on B. napus L.

Characterization And Bioremediation Potential Of Heavy-Metal Resistant Bacteria Isolated From Agricultural Soil, Kheira Dahnoun, Fatima Djadouni, Badiaa Essghaier, Chahnez Naccache, Nadia Zitouna, Salwa Zehdi-Azouzi, İsmai̇l Bayyi̇ği̇t, Hijran Rafiyeva Latif, Maha Mezghani-Khemakhem, Hedia Bourguiba

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Heavy metal pollution is a major environmental issue that has a negative impact on soil quality and food security. As a result, heavy metal removal or remediation from hazardous sites has become mandatory. Bioremediation based on microorganisms is a promising method to remediate heavy metal-contaminated areas due to its eco-friendly, cost-effective, and highly efficient characteristics. This study aimed to isolate, identify and characterize rhizospheric bacteria able to resist, reduce, and detoxify heavy metals (chromium [Cr], nickel [Ni], and aluminum [Al]) from agricultural soil. Two isolates were chosen due to their high level of heavy metal resistance and could serve as …

Degradation Of Chlorpyrifos Residue On Tropical Inceptisol Soil With Indigenous Bacteria Treatment, Asep Kurnia, Hidayatuz Zu`Amah, Baiq Nunung Sulastri, Ria Fauriah Makmur

Makara Journal of Science

The use of soil microbes is one of the most effective methods for degrading pesticide residue in soil. Microbes can accelerate the degradation of persistent pollutants including chlorpyrifos in soil. This research aims to find soil bacteria with the greatest potential to degrade chlorpyrifos residue in tropical inceptisol soil and determine its degradation index (DI). The soil used in this experiment was collected from agricultural fields in the districts of Demak, Central Java Province, Indonesia. The experiment was performed using factorial randomize complete block design composed of two factors and four replications. The first factors were made up of two …

Soil Nitrate Prediction Using Ftir-Atr, Vis-Nir, And Raman Spectroscopy, Sabiha Ferdous

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) combined with Attenuated total reflectance (ATR), Visible-Near Infrared spectroscopy (Vis-NIR), and Raman spectroscopy (RS) are non-destructive techniques for rapid determination of nitrogen compounds in soil. Leveraging FTIR-ATR and Vis-NIR spectra using partial least squares regression (PLSR) modeling, the study aims to predict soil nitrate content and explored the feasibility of Raman spectroscopy to detect nitrate (NO₃^-), nitrite (NO₂^-), and ammonium (NH₄⁺) in soil. Soil samples were collected from four different fields, dried, sieved (2mm), and then used for collecting spectra (FTIR-ATR and Vis-NIR). Laboratory analysis was …

The Effect Of Organic And Chemical Fertilizers On The Activity Of Soil Enzymes In Soils Of Different Compositions, Elif Yağanoğlu, Adi̇l Aydin

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

In this study, the effects of chemical (20:20:0 compound) and organic (barnyard) fertilizers applied to different textured soils on several soil enzyme (urease, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, and dehydrogenase) activities were investigated. The research was conducted under greenhouse conditions with (beans and corn) and without crops. Considering the results of the preexperiment analysis of the soils, a 40-g pot–1 of farmyard manure was placed into the pots in which organic fertilizer would be applied in clay and silty loam soils, and a 50-g pot–1 of farmyard manure was added to sandy loam soil; in addition, a 0.25-g pot–1 of 20:20:0 …

Assessment Of Open Top Chambers To Simulate Effects Of Climate Change On Soil Temperature And Cover Crop Response In Agricultural Systems, Gretchen Bahmueller

Honors Theses and Capstones

Climate change is expected to yield warmer winters that have the potential to place additional stress on our already stressed agricultural systems. Understanding how agricultural systems may respond to these changes is essential to creating crop and land management plans that ensure food security for future generations. To better understand how warming winters can/will affect air and soil temperatures and cover crop performance, open top chambers (OTCs) were deployed post cover crop seeding in a field experiment at the UNH Kingman Research Farm in Madbury, NH. The experiment consisted of four cover crop treatments sown into or after corn: an …

Conventional And Strip-Tillage Systems With Fertilizer Placement In Irrigated And Dryland Corn And Soybean In The Mississippi Delta, James Chad Hankins

Theses and Dissertations

Years of intensive tillage operations and heavy winter rainfalls have taken a toll on the soils in the Mississippi Delta causing compaction and nutrient losses due to runoff. The purpose of this research was to determine the effects of tillage systems and P and K fertilizer placement methods on corn and soybean production, as well as soil properties in the Mississippi Delta. The tillage treatments included conventional tillage, conventional tillage with subsoiling, and strip-tillage. The fertilizer placement treatments included a non-treated control, incorporated with tillage, and broadcast after tillage. Strip-tillage treatments reduced soil compaction and maintain nutrient levels while improving …

The Status And Prospects Of Phytoremediation Of Heavy Metals, Aniruddha Acharya, Enrique Perez, Miller Maddox-Mandolini, Hania De La Fuente

Faculty Publications - Biological Sciences

The release of heavy metals into the agricultural soil and waterbodies has been accelerated due to anthropogenic activities. They are not usually required for biological functions thus, their accumulation in biological system poses serious threat to health and environment globally. Phytoremediation offers a safe, inexpensive, and ecologically sustainable technique to clean habitats contaminated with heavy metals. Though several plants have been identified and used as a potential candidate for such phytoremediation, the technique is still at its formative stage and has been mostly confined to laboratory and greenhouses. However, recently several field studies have shown promising results that can propel …

Soil Sampling Guide For Crops, Matt Yost, Grant Cardon, Megan Baker, Jody Gale, Earl Creech, Michael Pace, Kalen Taylor, Cody Zesiger, Tiffany Evans, Rhonda Miller

All Current Publications

This fact sheet provides updated guidelines for soil sampling of various soil properties and includes why, how, what, and where to sample. It is a part of a series of updated sampling guidelines. Water, forage, plant tissue, and manure/compost will be forthcoming.

Distribution Patterns Of Allorhizobium Vitis In Missouri Vineyards And Non-Vineyard Soils, Jacquelyn M. Wray

Graduate Theses/Dissertations

Crown gall disease causes significant economic loss to the grape and wine industry. Preventive strategies are most effective for mitigating the loss of grapevines in vineyards, as there is no known cure for this disease. The bacterium Allorhizobium vitis carrying a tumor-inducing (Ti) plasmid is the causative agent. A. vitis bacteria live systemically in the grapevine before causing visible symptoms and can survive in residual plant tissues and soil for more than two years. Diagnostic methods have been developed to detect A. vitis bacteria in grapevines and soil. However, more reliable, specific, and high-throughput diagnostics are still needed for screening …

Tree Biomass – A Fragile Carbon Storage In Old-Growth Birch And Aspen Stands In Hemiboreal Latvia, Laura Ķēniņa, Didzis Elferts, Ieva Jaunslaviete, Endijs Bāders, Guntars Šņepsts, Āris Jansons

Aspen Bibliography

Birch (Betula pendula Roth, Betula pubescens Ehrh.) and European aspen (Populus tremula L.) stands dominate the deciduous forests of Northern Europe. Due to increasing forest protections, more deciduous stands will reach the old-growth stage. Thus, data on the carbon storage potential in such areas are essential. We aimed to establish a benchmark for carbon stocks of the main carbon pools in old-growth deciduous hemiboreal stands. Carbon pools were calculated from measurements in forty old-growth (104–148 years-old) deciduous stands in forests on fertile mineral soil. The carbon stock in these stands is distributed across tree biomass (~ 60%), mineral soil (~ …

Quantifying The Relationship Between Soil Organic Carbon And Soil Color In Nebraska, Aldi J. Airori

Applied Science Program: Theses

Soil color is easily measured in the field and holds potential to be used as an indirect measurement of soil organic carbon (SOC). The main limitation to this approach is knowledge about the specific color-SOC relationship in a region, which often varies in relation to parent material, soil texture, climate, and land use. Furthermore, the Munsell color data is subjective in nature. The objectives of this study are: 1) to develop and evaluate the accuracy of pedotransfer functions (PTFs) for the prediction of SOC based on soil color and texture in the state of Nebraska and 2) to evaluate digital …

Estimation Of Chromium In Soil-Plant-Animal Continuum: A Case Study In Ruminants Of Punjab, Pakistan, Kafeel Ahmad, Zafar Iqbal Khan, Saman Nazar, Ifra Saleem Malik, Asma Ashfaq, Mudasra Munir, Humayun Bashir, Fatima Ghulam Muhammad, Shahzad Akhtar, Muhammad Nadeem, Shahid Mehmoud, Muhammad Umer Farooq Awan, Mumtaz Akhtar, Shahzadi Mahpara

Journal of Bioresource Management

The increased use of waste water for agriculture purposes has increased around the globe. There are toxic metals present in waste water which affect plants, animals and human health. But at the same time it also contains useful nutrients which increase growth of plants. Different indices were applied to evaluate the metals present in water soil plant and milk. Various and correlation were determined with the help of SPSS, mean significance was found at the probability levels of 0.05, 0.001 and 0.01. The highest value of Cr was found in Avena sativa (0.7872 mg/kg) collected from site 5 while lower …

Temporal Changes In The Nutrient Content Of Cattle Dung In The Nebraska Sandhills Ecosystem, Amanda Shine, Martha Mamo, Gandura O. Abagandura, Walter Schacht, Jerry Volesky

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Dung excreted by cattle composes a significant portion of the nutrient inputs in a grazed ecosystem and can have wide-ranging effects on soil properties and vegetation. However, little research has been conducted on the nutrient dynamics of excreted dung in situ that has not been disturbed prior to field sampling. In this study, we analyzed 294 dung pats (1–24 days old) collected from a Nebraska Sandhills meadow to determine water-extractable organic carbon (WEOC), water-extractable nitrogen (WEN), water-extractable phosphorus (WEP), and percent dry matter (DM) changes over time. In addition, we investigated if sample handling - frozen storage – and the …

Biochar: Properties And Potential Benefits For Agricultural Soil In Rwanda, Andromede Uwase

Honors Program: Senior Projects (Public)

Physical and chemical soil degradation is becoming a major challenge for agricultural productivity in Rwanda, which is the most important part of the country’s economy. The wide spreading soil degradation in Rwanda is mainly a result of naturally poor soils coupled with unsustainable soil management leading to, for example, accelerated soil erosion, acidification, nutrient loss, compaction, and to decreasing yields. Biochar, as an end product of pyrolysis of biomass in the absence of oxygen, has been proposed as a soil amendment in remediation strategies because of its positive effects on soil productivity relevant parameters such as soil pH, structure, nutrient …

Cover Crop Effects On Near-Surface Soil Aggregate Stability In The Southern Mississippi Valley Loess (Mlra 134), Chandler M. Arel

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Undergraduate Honors Theses

Intensive agricultural cultivation within major land resource area (MLRA) 134, the Southern Mississippi Valley Loess, has led to soil erosion, soil compaction, and the overall destabilization of near-surface soil aggregates. The use of cover crops during the agricultural offseason has been shown to help alleviate soil compaction and provide stabilizing effects against soil erosion, which are particularly important as the silty soils of MLRA 134 have a large erosion potential. This study evaluated the effects of cover crop and no-cover crop treatment on silt-loam soils within MLRA 134. Treatments were implemented during Fall 2018 and Fall 2019 and consisted of …

A Method For Visualizing Water Flow Through Modified Root Zones, Dallas M. Williams

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

As the number of impervious surfaces in urban environments increases, the ability of modified root zones to infiltrate water is becoming more important. Current methods of tracing water flow through soil profiles include excavating large pits in situ or analyzing soil cores in the laboratory with computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. While useful, these methods may not be suitable for urban settings or practical in every laboratory. We propose a new method that is less invasive, does not require extensive technical equipment and can reliably trace water movement through the soil profile in order to calculate flow rate based …

Saltbushes For Dryland Salinity Management In Western Australia, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Natural resources factsheets

Saltland pastures always have a range of plant species, even in dense saltbush plantations. Saltbush will often change the watertable and surface soil characteristics enough for other plants to colonise. The understorey plants are often the most productive component of saltbush pastures.

This page provides information about each of the saltbushes that can be used in these mixed salt-tolerant pastures.

The Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development recommends that saltland management is part of a whole farm – or preferable whole catchment – plan.

Does Integrating Crops With Livestock Production Impact Soil Properties And Crop Production?, Lindsey Anderson

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Re-integrating crop and livestock production through cover crop (CC) and corn residue grazing could efficiently utilize resources and ensure profitability while improving environmental quality, but how this integration affects soils and crops is not well understood. We conducted two studies to address this. In the first study, we evaluated the impact of cattle (1.3-3.7 head ha^-1) grazing an oat (Avena sativa L.) CC on soil and crop yields in two adjacent irrigated no-till corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean (Glycine max L.) fields on silt loam soils in eastern Nebraska. Field I was grazed twice, while Field …

Wayne E. Sabbe Arkansas Soil Fertility Studies 2020, Nathan A. Slaton

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

Rapid technological changes in crop management and production require that the research efforts be presented in an expeditious manner. The contributions of soil fertility and fertilizers are major production factors in all Arkansas crops. The studies described within will allow producers to compare their practices with the university’s research efforts. Additionally, soil-test data and fertilizer sales are presented to allow comparisons among years, crops, and other areas within Arkansas.

The Effects Of Increasing Doses Of Nickel And Lead Applications On Some Oriental Tobacco Varieties, Mahmut Tepeci̇k, Mehmet Eşref İrget

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Heavy metals are hazardous pollutants for humans, animals and plants, when their threshold concentration exceeds. Tobacco can accumulate higher concentrations of heavy metals, and the genotypic differences of tobacco in heavy metal uptake and their growth responses have not been clearly examined. In this study, the effects of nickel (Ni) and lead (Pb) on phytoremediation capabilities were tested in four local Oriental tobacco cultivars (Basma, Akhisar, Sarıbağlar and Dibek). In two pot experiments, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (P) were applied in fıxed doses, while Pb and Ni were applied at 4 different doses (10, 50, 100 and 150 …

Agrochemical Indicators Of New Irrigated Graph-Meadow Soils Formed On The Iii Underfladder Terrace Of Syrdarya, J.M. Kuziev

Irrigation and Melioration

Presents material on the geographical location, geomorphological and geological structure, as well as the agrochemical state of irrigated serozem-meadow soils, common in the Mirzaabad district of the Syrdarya region. According to the data obtained on the chemical analysis of soils, the studied soils are medium- and heavily loamy in texture, where particles of coarse sand predominate (0.05-0.01%). In the arable horizon of these soils, the humus content is 1.088-1.214%, total nitrogen 0.079-0.089%, total phosphorus 0.109-0.124%, and total potassium within 1.15-1.24%, and on the basis of these data, a regularity of the underlying horizon of these soils. The degree of provision …

Selection Of The Most Appropriate Tillage System Based On Topsis Model With Emphasize On Impact Of Different Tillage Systems On Yield, Ali Mirzazadeh, Razieh Pourdarbani, Salman Fekri

Emirates Journal for Engineering Research

Among the various agricultural operations, tillage alone accounts for 60% of the energy consumed in agriculture. Other concerns, such as soil compaction, time management, economic issues, porosity reduction, moisture storage capacity, as well as a 25% increase in water and wind erosion, has further fueled efforts to improve tillage methods. In this regard, conservation tillage is more considered by experts. This study was conducted to evaluate important indices of wheat production in different tillage methods. Two plots located in Moghan Agro Co. were selected and were divided into four equal 2.8 hectares. Experiments were performed in randomized complete block design …