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2014

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Full-Text Articles in Agriculture

2013 Maple Business Benchmark, Mark Cannella, Mark Cannella, Chris Lindgren, Betsy Miller Dec 2014

2013 Maple Business Benchmark, Mark Cannella, Mark Cannella, Chris Lindgren, Betsy Miller

UVM Extension Faculty Publications

Strong market prices, technology improvements and increasing sugar bush sizes are key features of the Vermont maple industry. The continued growth of maple production and maple investments elevate the interest in the financial performance of harvesting maple sap and processing maple syrup. The 2013 Maple Business Benchmark is the result of the first year of focused collection of financial information for the sector. University of Vermont Extension worked with 10 maple producers to complete financial analysis of their maple enterprise. Participants each received a detailed financial summary of their business that included information on sales, expenses, investments and profitability. That …


The Economic Viability Of Cocoa Crop Insurance In Ghana, Justin D. Mckinley Dec 2014

The Economic Viability Of Cocoa Crop Insurance In Ghana, Justin D. Mckinley

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

This study was motivated by the fact that Ghanaian cocoa producers face lower yields than other main cocoa producing counties which in turn increases food insecurity for smallholder producers. In addition, low yields experienced by Ghanaian producers is a driving factor for forest degradation and deforestation as cocoa producers encroach further into previously undisturbed forests in efforts to increase their incomes. There are currently production methods to achieve higher yields readily available in Ghana; however, many producers choose not to adopt these methods because they are seen as too risky, or simply cannot adopt them due to financial/credit constraints. A …


Economic Contribution Of Agriculture And Food To Arkansas' Gross Domestic Product 1997-2012, Leah English, Jennie Popp, Wayne Miller Oct 2014

Economic Contribution Of Agriculture And Food To Arkansas' Gross Domestic Product 1997-2012, Leah English, Jennie Popp, Wayne Miller

Research Reports and Research Bulletins

Agricultural production, processing, and retail industries are major contributors to the Arkansas economy in terms of GDP. Agriculture contributes to the economy through direct agricultural production, value-added processing, and agricultural retail activities, and it also plays an important role through its interactions with other sectors. The use of non-agricultural goods and services as inputs into the agricultural sector promotes diversified growth in Arkansas’ economy; thus agriculture remains a vital part of Arkansas’ economy. This report: 1) compares the relative size of the Agriculture and Food Sector in Arkansas with those of neighboring states, the Southeastern region of the United States, …


Economic Contribution Of The Agricultural Sector To The Arkansas Economy In 2012, Leah English, Jennie Popp, Wayne Miller Sep 2014

Economic Contribution Of The Agricultural Sector To The Arkansas Economy In 2012, Leah English, Jennie Popp, Wayne Miller

Research Reports and Research Bulletins

This report is the ninth in a series of reports examining agriculture’s economic contribution on the Arkansas economy. Utilizing data from the United States Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), USDA Economic Research Service (ERS), USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), and IMPLAN Group, LLC , the economic contribution of agriculture on the Arkansas economy was estimated for the most recent year available, 2012.


Mitigation Site Soil Characteristics And The Effects Of Inoculation, Nursery Fertilizer Practices And Irrigation On Survival And Growth Of Mesquite (Prosopis Glandulosa) In The Coachella Valley, California, David A. Bainbridge, Marcelle M. Darby Jul 2014

Mitigation Site Soil Characteristics And The Effects Of Inoculation, Nursery Fertilizer Practices And Irrigation On Survival And Growth Of Mesquite (Prosopis Glandulosa) In The Coachella Valley, California, David A. Bainbridge, Marcelle M. Darby

David A Bainbridge

Prosopis glandulosa var. torreyana (mesquite, honey mesquite) is a small to medium sized leguminous tree that was once common in the low desert of California. Widespread destruction of mesquite woodlands in the Coachella Valley of southern California for fuel wood, agricultural and urban development, and urbanization has reduced once vast stands to isolated remnants. The rerouting and widening of Highway 86 in the Coachella Valley was a typical example of ongoing mesquite woodland removal. Despite the recognized need for mitigation, relatively little information on mesquite establishment in California is available. This research explored mesquite establishment by replanting on an abandoned …


Fact Or Fiction: Random Mating In Field Populations Of Western Corn Rootworm (Diabrotica Virgifera Virgifera Leconte) Emerging On Bt And Refuge Corn Plants, Steven Joel Smith Jul 2014

Fact Or Fiction: Random Mating In Field Populations Of Western Corn Rootworm (Diabrotica Virgifera Virgifera Leconte) Emerging On Bt And Refuge Corn Plants, Steven Joel Smith

Open Access Theses

The western corn rootworm, or WCR, (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte) is the most significant pest of field corn (Zea mays) in the United States, and has recently expanded its range into Europe. Since 2004, hybrid corn containing Bt toxins targeting the corn rootworm complex have been heavily adopted and are now the primary control measure for this pest in North American corn production. ^ The evolution of resistance is an ongoing concern, and to ensure Bt products will retain their usefulness, insect resistance management (IRM) tactics using various refuge structures have been adopted. One of the key …


Furniture Design And Product Development Principles Considering End-Of-Life Options And Design For Environment Strategies, Mesut Uysal Jul 2014

Furniture Design And Product Development Principles Considering End-Of-Life Options And Design For Environment Strategies, Mesut Uysal

Open Access Theses

During last decades, environmental issues come into prominence and some governmental or organizational regulations are legislated to reduce environmental impacts of products within their life cycle. At the same time, costumers consider not only price, quality, branding, uniqueness, availability but also environmental impact, safety, and overall sustainability of products they select. Therefore, producers are addressing environmental impact of products they are producing and also making changes to their production process. This project is addressing End-of-Life (EoL) Options of wooden furniture. ^ Although wood is eco-friendly and natural material, its technological process, use and disposal might have ecological problem and challenge. …


Morphometric Studies On Subadult Liza Subviridis And Sillago Sihama From Sonmiani Bay (Miani Hor), Balochistan, Pakistan, Muhammad A. Gondal, Naureen A. Qureshi, Noor U. Saher May 2014

Morphometric Studies On Subadult Liza Subviridis And Sillago Sihama From Sonmiani Bay (Miani Hor), Balochistan, Pakistan, Muhammad A. Gondal, Naureen A. Qureshi, Noor U. Saher

Journal of Bioresource Management

Length-weight relationship of Liza subviridis and Sillago sihama (Family: Mugilidae; Class: Pisces and Family: Sillaginidae; Class: Pisces) in subadults sampled from Somiani Bay Balochistan, Pakistan during 2002, 2003 and 2006 was analyzed. Liza subviridis showed positive allometry (3.23) in 2002, and negative allometry during 2003 (2.95) and 2006 (1.95). Sub adults of Sillago sihama showed positive allometry during 2002 (3.10) and 2003 (3.13). An isometric condition (3.02) was observed in the samples of Sillago sihama collected from Bhaira in 2006.


On Individual, Sex And Age Differentiation Of Indian House Crow (Corvus Splendens) Call: A Preliminary Study In Potohar, Pakistan, Waqas Hameed, Inayat Ullah, Safia Janjua, Fakhar -I- Abbas, Afsar Mian May 2014

On Individual, Sex And Age Differentiation Of Indian House Crow (Corvus Splendens) Call: A Preliminary Study In Potohar, Pakistan, Waqas Hameed, Inayat Ullah, Safia Janjua, Fakhar -I- Abbas, Afsar Mian

Journal of Bioresource Management

Considering importance of acoustics studies in population biology, 500 calls of the Indian House Crow (Corvus splendens) were recorded in morning - mid-afternoon hours (January-February, 2009) from 23 sites of urban areas of Potahar (Punjab, Pakistan). Calls were recorded using Sony CFS 1030 S sound records (sampling rate = 48 KHz) and edited using Sound Analysis Pro (Version 1.02). software using FFT method rate 50%, data window 9.27 ms, advanced window 1.36 ms. Through editing of calls, we selected 60 (37 ♂♂, 17 ♀♀, 6 Juvenile ♂♂) good quality spectrograms for detailed analysis. Spectrograms were characterized by rapid frequency modulations …


Review: Pollination, Pollinated And Pollinators Interaction In Pakistan, Mohammad Irshad, Elizabeth Stephen May 2014

Review: Pollination, Pollinated And Pollinators Interaction In Pakistan, Mohammad Irshad, Elizabeth Stephen

Journal of Bioresource Management

The agriculture sector is important in the overall economy and export earnings of Pakistan. Pollination is an essential ecosystem service that depends on symbiosis between species, the pollinated and the pollinator. Animal mediated pollination contributes to the sexual production of over 90% species of modern angiosperms. Effective pollination results in increased crop production, quality improvement and more seed production. Many fruits, vegetables, edible oil crops, stimulant crops and nuts are highly dependent on bee pollination. Worldwide value of pollinators is €153 billion (217 billion US dollars). The production value of pollinated dependent crop in Pakistan is quantified to be 1.59 …


Research Note: Contribution To Mushroom Flora Of Rawalpindi-Islamabad, Pakistan, Kishwar Sultana, Naveeda Riaz, Gulshan Irshad, Ali Nauman Khan May 2014

Research Note: Contribution To Mushroom Flora Of Rawalpindi-Islamabad, Pakistan, Kishwar Sultana, Naveeda Riaz, Gulshan Irshad, Ali Nauman Khan

Journal of Bioresource Management

Seven hymenomycetous fungi (mushrooms) were collected from the twin cities area during July 2008. These were identified as the members of the order Agaricales, class Basidiomycetes. They belong to five genera: *Clitocybe fragrans, *Collybia cookie, *Coprinus radians, *Coprinus sterculinus, *Volvariella bingensis, Volvariella parvula, and Termitomyces microcarpus. Five of them, marked with asterisk were reported for the first time from Pakistan.


Diagnostic Accuracy Of C-Reactive Protein In Neonatal Sepsis, Sidra Younis, Muhammad Ali Sheikh, Amjad Ali Raza May 2014

Diagnostic Accuracy Of C-Reactive Protein In Neonatal Sepsis, Sidra Younis, Muhammad Ali Sheikh, Amjad Ali Raza

Journal of Bioresource Management

Sepsis is the most common cause of neonatal mortality and is responsible for 30-50% of total neonatal deaths each year in developing countries. The objective of the study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of C-reactive protein (CRP) in neonatal sepsis. Fifty nine consecutive patients with risk factors and clinical features suggestive of CRP sepsis were selected as per operational definition and fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Detailed physical examination was carried out. Blood sample for culture and CRP was taken from all the patients. Results of blood culture and CRP were noted down in the performa. Statistical analysis …


Economic Contribution Of Agriculture And Food To Arkansas' Gross Domestic Product 1997-2011, Jacob Manlove, Leah English, Jennie Popp, Wayne Miller May 2014

Economic Contribution Of Agriculture And Food To Arkansas' Gross Domestic Product 1997-2011, Jacob Manlove, Leah English, Jennie Popp, Wayne Miller

Research Reports and Research Bulletins

Agricultural production, processing, and retail industries are major contributors to the Arkansas economy in terms of GDP. Agriculture contributes to the economy through direct agricultural production, value-added processing, and agricultural retail activities, and it also plays an important role through its interactions with other sectors. The use of non-agricultural goods and services as inputs into the agricultural sector promotes diversified growth in Arkansas’ economy; thus agriculture remains a vital part of Arkansas’ economy. Part 1 of the report compares the relative size of the Agriculture and Food Sector in Arkansas with those of neighboring states, the Southeastern region of the …


Value-Added Lignin Based Carbon Fiber From Organosolv Fractionation Of Poplar And Switchgrass, Andreas Attwenger May 2014

Value-Added Lignin Based Carbon Fiber From Organosolv Fractionation Of Poplar And Switchgrass, Andreas Attwenger

Masters Theses

Carbon fibers have unique properties that include high strength, low density and excellent chemical and thermal resistance. However, they have a low level of utilization because of their high price; typically around $30/kg for an entry level polyacrylonitrile (PAN) based carbon fiber. Low-cost carbon fibers derived from lignin are currently being investigated at the University of Tennessee, because using lignin as a precursor could significantly reduce production costs. Lignins obtained from the pulp and paper and the emerging biofuel industries have the potential to be used for carbon fiber production, however, they are typically unsuitable because of the high levels …


Section Abstracts: Agriculture, Forestry, And Aquaculture Apr 2014

Section Abstracts: Agriculture, Forestry, And Aquaculture

Virginia Journal of Science

Abstracts of the Agriculture, Forestry, and Aquaculture Section for the 92nd Annual Virginia Academy of Science Meeting, May 2014, at Virginia Commonwealth University in Richmond, Virginia


Salinity Risk Mapping For Assessing Carbon Farming Initiative Proposals: Decision Support And Data Requirements, Paul Raper, Peter Gardiner Apr 2014

Salinity Risk Mapping For Assessing Carbon Farming Initiative Proposals: Decision Support And Data Requirements, Paul Raper, Peter Gardiner

Resource management technical reports

The Clean Energy Legislation passed by the Australian Parliament on 8 November 2011 links the carbon price to the Carbon Farming Initiative (CFI). Under the Carbon Credits (Carbon Farming Initiative) Act 2011 (the Act), proponents need to consider regional natural resource management (NRM) plans to ensure that tree plantings for carbon bio-sequestration maximise environmental benefits and avoid unintended adverse effects on biodiversity, water and agricultural production systems.


Water For Electricity In The Upper Savannah Basin: Impacts On Freshwater Mussels, Alan Johnson, Snehal Mhatre Apr 2014

Water For Electricity In The Upper Savannah Basin: Impacts On Freshwater Mussels, Alan Johnson, Snehal Mhatre

Graduate Research and Discovery Symposium (GRADS)

The water resources of the Upper Savannah River Basin are subjected to extensive water withdrawals for production of electricity for the region. The use of Savannah River Basin water resources for electricity production and the associated impact on reservoir levels, streamflows, and thermal regimes is in conflict with the requirements of in-stream biota particularly freshwater mussels. The Savannah River Basin contains atleast 26 unionid species, most of which are listed as endangered, threatened, or of special concern at the state level. Populations of these species have experienced significant declines and extirpations in the recent decades. Of these unionid species, brook …


Soil Penetrometer, David A. Bainbridge Jan 2014

Soil Penetrometer, David A. Bainbridge

David A Bainbridge

A simple easy to build impact soil penetrometer can provide very useful information on soil strength. This can be very important for restoration planning and management of soils in agriculture and forestry.


Variation Of Some Seed Mineral Contents In Open Pollinated Faba Bean (Vicia Faba L.) Landraces From Turkey, Faheem Shahzad Baloch, Tolga Karaköy, Ahmet Demi̇rbaş, Faruk Toklu, Hakan Özkan, Rüştü Hati̇poğlu Jan 2014

Variation Of Some Seed Mineral Contents In Open Pollinated Faba Bean (Vicia Faba L.) Landraces From Turkey, Faheem Shahzad Baloch, Tolga Karaköy, Ahmet Demi̇rbaş, Faruk Toklu, Hakan Özkan, Rüştü Hati̇poğlu

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The first step towards the biofortification of edible portions of crop species with improved nutritional value is to understand the genetic diversity available to breeders in germplasm collections. A faba bean germplasm (129 landraces and 4 cultivars) from diverse geographic regions of Turkey was assessed for micro- and macroelement contents of seeds. The results showed high diversity in open-pollinated faba bean germplasm for contents of N (27.5-93.3 g kg^{-1}), P (1.24-4.89 g kg^{-1}), K (4.5-19.3 g kg^{-1}), Fe (29.7-96.3 mg kg^{-1}), Mn (15.5-29.2 mg kg^{-1}), Cu (10.3-33.0 mg kg^{-1}), and Zn (10.4-49.3 mg kg^{-1}). Meanwhile, the ranges of mineral elements …


Association Of Digital Photo Parameters And Ndvi With Winter Wheat Grain Yield In Variable Environments, Alexey Morgounov, Nurberdi Gummadov, Savaş Belen, Yüksel Kaya, Mesut Keser, Jamala Mursalova Jan 2014

Association Of Digital Photo Parameters And Ndvi With Winter Wheat Grain Yield In Variable Environments, Alexey Morgounov, Nurberdi Gummadov, Savaş Belen, Yüksel Kaya, Mesut Keser, Jamala Mursalova

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) is gaining popularity as a complementary selection tool, even though it requires an instrument not readily available in the developing world. We evaluated several parameters (originating from the analysis of digital photos using BreedPix software) as potential selection criteria in 23 winter wheat yield trials grown over 4 years at 2 sites. NDVI and digital photos were taken at key development stages from stem elongation to maturity. The correlations between digital photo parameters a and u and grain yield, as well as correlations between NDVI and grain yield within individual trials, varied depending on …


Predicting Germination Of Medicago Sativa And Onobrychis Viciifolia Seeds By Using Image Analysis, Behnam Behtari, Martin De Luis, Adel Dabbagh Mohammadi Nasab Jan 2014

Predicting Germination Of Medicago Sativa And Onobrychis Viciifolia Seeds By Using Image Analysis, Behnam Behtari, Martin De Luis, Adel Dabbagh Mohammadi Nasab

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Image analysis is an accessible method that can convert qualitative variables to quantitative ones. Computer imaging has been used in seed biology in various ways, including seed vigor testing and seed identification. In this paper, the seeds of 2 species, Medicago sativa and Onobrychis viciifolia, were studied. Laboratory tests and a computerized experiment were conducted to evaluate the effects of accelerated aging on the seed vigor of both species. We measured the rate of germination using a factorial and completely randomized design, with 10 treatment combinations replicated 3 times. The main factors were accelerated aging (6, 12, 18, 24, and …


Development Of Microsatellite Markers In Sesame (Sesamum Indicum L.), Jyothi Badri, Vijay Yepuri, Anuradha Ghanta, Sivaramakrishnan Siva, Ebrahimali Abubacker Siddiq Jan 2014

Development Of Microsatellite Markers In Sesame (Sesamum Indicum L.), Jyothi Badri, Vijay Yepuri, Anuradha Ghanta, Sivaramakrishnan Siva, Ebrahimali Abubacker Siddiq

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is an important oilseed crop with high-quality seed oil and many antioxidant properties. Owing to its commercial and medicinal values, there is a renewed interest among agricultural scientists in this ancient crop. Efforts to strengthen the sesame-specific marker base have been initiated in the recent past; however, the available number of microsatellite markers is still not sufficient for the development of high-resolution genetic linkage maps for important agronomic traits and there is a need to increase the number of informative DNA markers in sesame. In the present study, we developed 25 microsatellite markers by employing the …


Fine Root Distribution And Belowground Interactions In An Alley Silvopasture System In Northern China, Zongrui Lai, Yuqing Zhang, Bin Wu, Tianshan Zha, Shugao Qin, Xin Jia, Jiabin Liu, Wei Feng Jan 2014

Fine Root Distribution And Belowground Interactions In An Alley Silvopasture System In Northern China, Zongrui Lai, Yuqing Zhang, Bin Wu, Tianshan Zha, Shugao Qin, Xin Jia, Jiabin Liu, Wei Feng

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Successful agroforestry management depends on the interactions between the mixed species. Belowground interactions between shrubs and native grasses are complicated and poorly understood in China's agroforestry practice, especially in the silvopasture systems of droughty northern China. The distribution of fine roots (


Fine Root Architecture, Morphology, And Biomass Response To Cutting In A Chinese Cork Oak (Quercus Variabilis Blume) Forest, Chuang Ma, Wenhui Zhang, Jianyun Zhou, Min Wu, Yaoqin Xue, Liwei Ma Jan 2014

Fine Root Architecture, Morphology, And Biomass Response To Cutting In A Chinese Cork Oak (Quercus Variabilis Blume) Forest, Chuang Ma, Wenhui Zhang, Jianyun Zhou, Min Wu, Yaoqin Xue, Liwei Ma

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

This study aims to detect the variety of fine root growth with branch orders in response to forest cutting. The branching ratio (R_b), root morphological indices, and biomass of up to 3 branch orders of fine roots were investigated from 2 soil depths (0 cm to 10 cm and 10 cm to 20 cm) in Chinese cork oak (Quercus variabilis Blume) plots 1 and 3 years after forest cutting, compared with those of intact trees as the control. The number of fine roots was lower in the managed plots than in the control, particularly in the first-order roots. After 1 …


Siberian Elm Responses To Different Culture Conditions Under Short Rotation Forestry In Mediterranean Areas, Ignacio Pérez, Javier Pérez, Juan Carrasco, Pilar Ciria Jan 2014

Siberian Elm Responses To Different Culture Conditions Under Short Rotation Forestry In Mediterranean Areas, Ignacio Pérez, Javier Pérez, Juan Carrasco, Pilar Ciria

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

This work explores the possibilities of biomass production, for energy purposes, of Siberian elm in Mediterranean areas, including marginal lands with poor soil and low water availability. To achieve this, the influence of soil type, planting density, and water availability on biomass production were analyzed after the first 3 years of the growing cycle in 2 different locations. Moreover, a method to estimate biomass production as a function of some morphological parameters of the trees, as well as the use of leaf water potential as a good indicator of trees' water status, are discussed. The analysis of parameters having an …


Effects Of Plasma Treatment And Sanding Process On Surface Roughness Of Wood Veneers, Cenk Demi̇rkir, İsmai̇l Aydin, Semra Çolak, Gürsel Çolakoğlu Jan 2014

Effects Of Plasma Treatment And Sanding Process On Surface Roughness Of Wood Veneers, Cenk Demi̇rkir, İsmai̇l Aydin, Semra Çolak, Gürsel Çolakoğlu

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

An ideal veneer surface is crucial for good panel properties in plywood manufacturing. The aim of this study was to compare plasma treatments and sanding (mechanical) processes with respect to the surface roughness of veneers. Rotary-cut veneers with a thickness of 2 mm from Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) logs were used as material. After rotary peeling, veneer sheets were dried at 110 °C in a veneer dryer. Veneer sheets were divided into 4 main groups. The surfaces of the control veneer sheets were left untreated. Two different grits of sandpaper, 80 and 180, were used for sanding the surfaces of …


Effects Of Ripening Degree And Sample Preparation On Peach Aroma Profile Characterization By Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction, Mojca Bacvonkralj, Tjasa Jug, Erika Komel, Nikita Fajt, Ktistjan Jarni, Jelena Zivkovic, Ibrahim Mujic, Natasa Trutic Jan 2014

Effects Of Ripening Degree And Sample Preparation On Peach Aroma Profile Characterization By Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction, Mojca Bacvonkralj, Tjasa Jug, Erika Komel, Nikita Fajt, Ktistjan Jarni, Jelena Zivkovic, Ibrahim Mujic, Natasa Trutic

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Peaches are consumed worldwide and have great market demand. Compared to apricots, the volatiles defining the typical peach aroma are still poorly analytically characterized. The aim of our study was to determine the impact of the stage of ripening, sample storage conditions, and type of fiber coating and extraction glassware on peach aroma compounds. The peach aroma components were extracted by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and with the application of a specific fiber (DVB/CAR/PDMS fiber) that retained the main group of volatiles present in peaches. Artisan-made glassware that enabled bigger sample loads was used. It was found that its application …


Somatic Embryogenesis And Encapsulation Of Immature Bulblets Of An Ornamental Species, Grape Hyacinths (Muscari Armeniacum Leichtlin Ex Baker), Bahti̇yar Buhara Yücesan, Feri̇de Çi̇çek, Ekrem Gürel Jan 2014

Somatic Embryogenesis And Encapsulation Of Immature Bulblets Of An Ornamental Species, Grape Hyacinths (Muscari Armeniacum Leichtlin Ex Baker), Bahti̇yar Buhara Yücesan, Feri̇de Çi̇çek, Ekrem Gürel

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

An efficient in vitro regeneration system was developed for the ornamental Muscari armeniacum on Linsmaier and Skoog basal medium (LS) supplemented with benzyladenine (BA) at varying concentrations (0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 mg/L) alone or in combination with 0.5 mg/L alpha-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). The highest mean number of direct somatic embryo formations was observed on LS medium containing 2.0 mg/L BA and 0.5 mg/L NAA, with a mean of 7.9 somatic embryos per explant after 10 weeks of culture. Green nodular calli induced on LS medium containing 5.0 mg/L BA alone or in combination with 0.5 mg/L NAA were transferred …


Influence Of Natural Zeolite On Nitrogen Dynamics In Soil, Stanislav Torma, Jozef Vilcek, Peter Adamisin, Emilia Huttmanova, Ondrej Hronec Jan 2014

Influence Of Natural Zeolite On Nitrogen Dynamics In Soil, Stanislav Torma, Jozef Vilcek, Peter Adamisin, Emilia Huttmanova, Ondrej Hronec

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Sorption of the cations NH_4^+, Al^{3+}, Fe^{2+}, Mn^{2+}, and Mg^{2+} in powdered zeolite and its mixture with soil was monitored. More than 90% of the observed cations were fixed in the zeolite in the first few minutes of the laboratory experiment, which is a very fast speed of sorption, and the ammonia cations reacted fastest. Consequently, the dynamics of the nitrate and ammoniac nitrogen in soil after application of zeolite in different amounts was monitored. A decreased ammonium content was apparent in the variants with zeolite 1 month after zeolite application in comparison with variants without zeolite owing to the …


Modeling Of Rheological Properties Of Mellorine Mix Including Different Oil And Gum Types By Combined Design, Ann, And Anfis Models, Sali̇h Karasu, Mahmut Doğan, Ömer Sai̇d Toker, Erdal Caniyilmaz Jan 2014

Modeling Of Rheological Properties Of Mellorine Mix Including Different Oil And Gum Types By Combined Design, Ann, And Anfis Models, Sali̇h Karasu, Mahmut Doğan, Ömer Sai̇d Toker, Erdal Caniyilmaz

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

In the present study, the effects of 2 different oil types (soybean and olive oil) and 3 different gums (xanthan gum, sodium alginate, locust bean gum, and their blends) on the rheological and physicochemical properties (pH, titratable acidity, moisture, and color), overrun, melting rate, melting time, and sensory properties of frozen mellorine samples were determined. Apparent viscosity of all mix samples decreased with shear rate, meaning that mellorine mix samples showed shear thinning behavior. Mellorine mix samples showed Ostwald-de Waele flow behavior (R^2 >= 0.9915). Viscous synergy indexes were calculated to determine if the gums had synergic interaction. The viscous …