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Full-Text Articles in Agriculture

Differential Consumption Of Four Aphid Species By Four Lady Beetle Species, Christy Finlayson, Andrei Alyokhin, Serena Gross, Erin Porter Dec 2009

Differential Consumption Of Four Aphid Species By Four Lady Beetle Species, Christy Finlayson, Andrei Alyokhin, Serena Gross, Erin Porter

Andrei Alyokhin

The acceptability of four different aphid species Macrosiphum albifrons (Essig), Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas), Macrosiphum pseudorosae Patch, and Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), as prey for four lady beetle species, one native species Coccinella trifasciata L, and three non-native Coccinella septempunctata L, Harmonia axyridis Pallas, Propylea quatuordecimpunctata L (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) were tested in the laboratory. The relative field abundance of adults of the same lady beetle species on host vegetation, Lupinus polyphyllus Lindley (Fabales: Fabaceae), Solanum tuberosum L (Solanales: Solanaceae), and Rosa multiflora Thunberg (Rosales: Rosaceae), both with and without aphids present was also observed. In the laboratory, H. axyridis generally …


Colorado Potato Beetle Management On Potatoes: Current Challenges And Future Prospects., Andrei Alyokhin Dec 2008

Colorado Potato Beetle Management On Potatoes: Current Challenges And Future Prospects., Andrei Alyokhin

Andrei Alyokhin

The Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is the most important insect defoliator of potatoes that can completely destroy potato crops. Its current range covers about 16 million km2 in North America, Europe, and Asia and continues to expand. A complex and diverse life history, combined with an impressive ability to develop insecticide resistance, make the Colorado potato beetle a challenging pest to manage. Beetle populations on commercial farms are usually suppressed by insecticides, which are likely to remain the predominant approach for the foreseeable future. In addition, the beetles can be controlled through the use of relatively …


Stimulatory And Suppressive Effects Of Novaluron On The Colorado Potato Beetle Reproduction., Andrei Alyokhin, Ryan Guillemette, Raymond Choban Dec 2008

Stimulatory And Suppressive Effects Of Novaluron On The Colorado Potato Beetle Reproduction., Andrei Alyokhin, Ryan Guillemette, Raymond Choban

Andrei Alyokhin

The Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), is one of the most damaging insect pests of potato. Novaluron is a relatively new benzoylphenyl urea insect growth regulator with good activity against this pest. Earlier studies revealed that feeding on potato foliage treated with novaluron induces reversible egg hatch inhibition in adult Colorado potato beetles. We investigated if novaluron effects depend on physiological state of the beetles at the time of exposure. The following four treatments were created: young beetles unmated at the beginning of the experiment and feeding on potato foliage treated with novaluron, young beetles unmated at the beginning …


Interactions Of Native And Non-Native Lady Beetle Species (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) With Aphid-Tending Ants In Laboratory Arenas, Christy Finlayson, Andrei Alyokhin, Erin Porter Dec 2008

Interactions Of Native And Non-Native Lady Beetle Species (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) With Aphid-Tending Ants In Laboratory Arenas, Christy Finlayson, Andrei Alyokhin, Erin Porter

Andrei Alyokhin

Interactions between lady beetles and the European fire ant (Myrmica rubra L.) tending potato aphids [Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas)] were compared in the laboratory. Lady beetle species native to North America (Coccinella trifasciata perplexa Mulsant, Coleomegilla maculata lengi Timberlake, Hippodamia convergens Guerin-Meneville) and non-native species of Palearctic origin [Coccinella septempunctata L., Harmonia axyridis (Pallas), Hippodamia variegata (Goeze), Propylea quatuordecimpunctata L.)] were evaluated. Harmonia axyridis consumed a significantly greater number of aphids compared with all other species but C. septempunctata. Ant stings affected H. variegata and C. septempunctata to a greater extent than other species. Ants showed a significantly greater amount of …


Colorado Potato Beetle Resistance To Insecticides, Andrei Alyokhin, Mitchell Baker, David Mota-Sanchez, Galen Dively, Edward Grafius Dec 2007

Colorado Potato Beetle Resistance To Insecticides, Andrei Alyokhin, Mitchell Baker, David Mota-Sanchez, Galen Dively, Edward Grafius

Andrei Alyokhin

The Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), is widely regarded as the most important insect defoliator of potatoes. Its current range covers about 16 million km2 in North America, Europe, and Asia and continues to expand. This insect has a complicated and diverse life history, which is well-suited to agricultural environments, and makes it a complex and challenging pest to control. Dispersal, closely connected with diapause, feeding, and reproduction, allow the Colorado potato beetle to employ "bet-hedging" reproductive strategies, distributing its offspring in both space (within and between fields) and time (within and between years). The Colorado potato beetle played …


Persistence And Inheritance Of Costs Of Resistance To Imidacloprid In Colorado Potato Beetle, Mitchell Baker, Andrei Alyokhin, Adam Porter, David Ferro, Shana Dastur, Nehal Galal Dec 2006

Persistence And Inheritance Of Costs Of Resistance To Imidacloprid In Colorado Potato Beetle, Mitchell Baker, Andrei Alyokhin, Adam Porter, David Ferro, Shana Dastur, Nehal Galal

Andrei Alyokhin

Reduced fitness among resistant versus susceptible individuals slows resistance evolution and makes it easier to manage. A loss of resistance costs could indicate novel adaptations or mutations contributing to resistance. We measured costs of resistance to imidacloprid in a Massachusetts resistant population compared with a Massachusetts susceptible population in 1999 in terms of fecundity, hatching success, egg development time, and sprint speed. Resistance was additive and seemed to be polygenic with high heritability. The fecundity cost appeared overdominant in 1999, and the hatch rate cost was partly recessive in 1999, but neither was signiÞcantly different from dominant or recessive. In …


Susceptibility Of Imidacloprid-Resistant Colorado Potato Beetles To Non-Neonicotinoid Insecticides In The Laboratory And Field Trials., Andrei Alyokhin, Galen Dively, Megan Patterson, David Rogers, John Wollam Dec 2005

Susceptibility Of Imidacloprid-Resistant Colorado Potato Beetles To Non-Neonicotinoid Insecticides In The Laboratory And Field Trials., Andrei Alyokhin, Galen Dively, Megan Patterson, David Rogers, John Wollam

Andrei Alyokhin

Repeated use of neonicotinoid insecticides has resulted in the first reported cases of Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say)) resistance to imidacloprid. In the laboratory we determined susceptibility of the imidacloprid-resistant Colorado potato beetles from a population in Southern Maine to other insecticides currently registered for use on potato. This population was about 30-fold resistant to imidacloprid and could not be effectively controlled by its applications. Control mortality was significantly higher for the imidacloprid-resistant larvae than for the susceptible larvae, suggesting that fitness disadvantages may be associated with the resistance trait. Resistant larvae exhibited significantly less mortality than susceptible larvae …