Agriculture Commons^™

Understanding Functional Benefits Of Isoleucine And Arginine On Poultry Performance And Health., Roshan Adhikari, Jason T. Lee, Keith Haydon

Proceedings of the Arkansas Nutrition Conference

Poultry industry is rapidly moving towards utilizing the best ingredients to precisely feed the birds for better performance, welfare, health, and profitability. One of the practices that evolved over time with research is better optimization of amino acid utilization in the diets thus changing the crude protein landscape. Historically, if we compare the modern diets to diets from 1980, significant changes are visible in the use of unbound or crystalline amino acids leading to reduced levels of CP and reduced unutilized nitrogen in the diets. Multiple feed-grade amino acids are available in a cost-effective manner in poultry diets. Multiple research …

Temporal, Phenotypic, And Quantitative Characterization Of Thyroid Infiltrating Mononuclear Cells During Development Of Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis In Obese Strain Chickens, Katelyn M. Clark, Chrysta N. Beck, Gisela F. Erf

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

The Obese strain (OS) of chickens spontaneously develops autoimmune thyroiditis (SAT) and is a well-established biomedical model for Hashimoto’s thyroiditis in humans. Both conditions are characterized by the infiltration of thyroid glands with mononuclear immune cells resulting in the destruction of thyroid tissue and impairment of the thyroid’s endocrinological functions. Past studies described immune cell infiltration in thyroids of the OS chickens, but the time-course, cell composition, and relative amounts of the various immune cells infiltrating the thyroids have not been well defined. In this project, frozen and stored thyroid glands that were previously collected at 1, 4, 7, 14, …

Effects Of Cyclic Heat Stress On The Acute Inflammatory Response In Broilers, Alessandro J. Rocchi, Chrysta N. Beck, Jossie M. Santamaria, Gisela F. Erf

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

Heat stress (HS) is a growing concern in broiler production. Little is known regarding the effect of HS on immune function. To examine the effects of HS on innate immunity, the local- and systemic-inflammatory responses to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were examined in Cobb 500 male broiler chicks reared under thermoneutral (TN) or cyclic HS conditions. Beginning at four days of age, HS birds were subjected to 35 °C from 8:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m. and TN temperatures from 10:00 p.m. to 8:00 a.m. At 37 days of age, four groups of broilers were formed: LPS-TN (8 broilers), phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)-TN (4 …

Societal Sustainability: Projects To Address The Three Dimensions Of A Sustainable Future, Braden K. Bateman

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Sustainability is an important, commonly discussed societal goal regarding assurance of resources for the world to be able to enjoy a prosperous future. Three primary dimensions of sustainability include environmental, economic, and social sustainability, and objectives for various projects can be aimed at any of the three dimensions to pursue societal sustainability. Solar installations, which can be used to pursue environmental and economic sustainability, convert abundant sunlight to electricity, displacing fossil fuel use that contributes harmful greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. The regulatory environment at the state level has a significant impact on the feasibility of solar projects. At present, …

Using Poultry To Enhance Food Security In Stann Creek, Belize, Emily Spatz, Lisa S. Wood

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

Food insecurity is a growing issue in developing and developed countries alike, and in countries like Belize, the prevalence of hunger has soared in recent years. Not having access to diets with sufficient calories and nutrients leads to a host of developmental issues, including stunting and cognitive delays. The purpose of this work was to create an all-encompassing manual for small-scale poultry production in order to provide nourishment for the students and staff of a school in Belize. After determining that the best way to meet the school’s needs was through dual-purpose birds, background research was conducted to determine small-scale …

Can Small-Scale Poultry Initiatives Alleviate Food Insecurity And Increase Empowerment For Women In Economically Disadvantaged Areas?, Patrick Daniels

Accounting Undergraduate Honors Theses

In the summer of 2019, I, along with 8 other students from the University of Arkansas departed the United States for the Central American country of Belize. Despite our limited knowledge of what Belize held in store for us, we were enthusiastic about the coming months. While we had different projects, we all set out with the same universal question in mind. How can we use the knowledge we have gained through education to make a positive impact on the lives of people living in an impoverished town? Some of the members of our team worked alongside local businesses to …

Willingness-To-Pay For Halal And Branded Poultry In Northern Mozambique, Alison J. Creasey, L. Lanier Nalley

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

While price typically drives consumers’ food-purchasing decisions in low-income countries, religious attributes associated with food production and corporate branding could influence buying patterns. In Mozambique, more than 46% of people were living below the poverty line of ($0.31 USD) per day in 2018. That being said, in the Nampula Province (the location of this study), which is the second poorest province in the country, over 25% of the population is Muslim and may be willing-to-pay (WTP) a premium for Halal meat products to uphold Islamic beliefs. Like many parts of sub-Saharan Africa, poultry is the fastest-growing source of protein. Since …

Financial Implications From Contracting Avian Influenza In A U.S. Broiler Operation, Jordan M. Shockley, Tyler Mark, Kenneth H. Burdine, Levi Russell

Journal of Applied Farm Economics

This essay evaluates the on-farm financial impacts of an avian influenza outbreak on a U.S. commercial broiler operation. It investigates how the timing and length of the outbreak impacts farm financial performance for two different farmers, beginning and experienced. Results indicate that a beginning farmer is more susceptible to significant financial losses. Both farmers are financially impacted more when avian influenza is contracted early in the investment and when the contamination and eradication of the virus was prolonged. Furthermore, this essay highlights the problems of using standard financial measures for analyzing disease outbreaks under production contract arrangements and presents alternative …

Poultry Labeling: Knowledge, Perceptions, And Preferences Among Adolescents, Eleni L. Parsons

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to determine the knowledge, perceptions, and preferences of adolescents in regard to the labeling of poultry products. The theory of planned behavior (TPB) and Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM) were used to display the relationship of perceptions, attitude, and behavior intentions. Quantitative data was collected in a descriptive research design. The population included youth, aged 14 – 18 years, involved in the Arkansas 4-H State O’Rama competition (N = 400). The sample (n = 80) ensured a 90% confidence interval of the population. Data was collected by administering paper surveys that addressed four product labels …

Identification And Classification Of Poultry Eggs: A Case Study Utilizing Computer Vision And Machine Learning, Jeremy Lubich, Kyle Thomas, Daniel W. Engels

SMU Data Science Review

We developed a method to identify, count, and classify chickens and eggs inside nesting boxes of a chicken coop. Utilizing an IoT AWS Deep Lens Camera for data capture and inferences, we trained and deployed a custom single-shot multibox (SSD) object detection and classification model. This allows us to monitor a complex environment with multiple chickens and eggs moving and appearing simultaneously within the video frames. The models can label video frames with classifications for 8 breeds of chickens and/or 4 colors of eggs, with 98% accuracy on chickens or eggs alone and 82.5% accuracy while detecting both types of …

2018 – 2019 Kentucky Agricultural Economic Situation And Outlook, Kenneth H. Burdine, Todd D. Davis, Jerry Pierce, William M. Snell, Timothy A. Woods, Jeffrey W. Stringer

Agricultural Situation and Outlook

This publication covers the situation and outlook for 2018-2019 in the following areas:

• U.S. Agricultural Economy;
• Kentucky’s Agricultural Economy;
• Selected Commodity Profiles - Cattle; Poultry; Hogs; Equine; Dairy; Corn; Soybeans; Wheat; Tobacco; Fruits, Vegetables and Greenhouse; and
• Forestry.

Enhancing Quality Of Life Through Foreign Direct Investment In Northern Mozambique, Sarah-Beth Delay

Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness Undergraduate Honors Theses

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has the potential to increase economic activity and improve GDP growth in low-income countries, but can hinder economic development (quality of life improvements) if not sustainable and holistic in manner. Africa serves as a host to many cases of FDI focused on economic growth, but not necessarily improving the quality of life for its citizens. FDI has spread throughout the African continent, where many countries are well endowed with natural resources, like minerals and coal. These economies have experienced rapid GDP growth with few benefits reaching citizens of the host country. Mozambique is a low-income country …

Economic Assessment Of A Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Outbreak In Washington And Benton Counties In Arkansas, Antonio Beitia

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) presents a substantial economic risk to the poultry industry. Domesticated fowl contract HPAI initially through exposure, direct or indirect with migratory waterfowl and outbreaks can result in significant economic losses to growers and the poultry industry at large. A HPAI outbreak occurred in Minnesota and Iowa and spread across over 13 other states in 2014 and 2015. This caused an estimated $1.6 billion in losses (CDC, 2016) and led to shortages of eggs and turkeys together with elevated prices (Anni et al. 2005). Even small outbreaks of HPAI inflict substantial damages as USDA-APHIS guidelines necessitate …

2016 – 2017 Kentucky Agricultural Economic Situation And Outlook, Kenneth H. Burdine, Todd D. Davis, Timothy A. Woods, William M. Snell, Lee Meyer, Jeffrey W. Stringer, Bobby Ammerman

Agricultural Situation and Outlook

Topics:

• U.S. Agricultural Economy;
• Kentucky’s Agricultural Economy.

The Impact Of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (Bse) On World Protein Supply, Jarrod Kersey

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

As world population, per capita income and urbanization increase, consumption of meat, poultry, milk and eggs will continue to rise to meet the needs of approximately nine billion people in 2050. Global beef, pig and chicken production and per capita consumption increased between 2000 and 2010, with growth in broiler production and consumption outpacing both beef and swine. The increased production and consumption requires readily available feed ingredients in regions where animal production is rapidly developing. Animal-based protein feed ingredients are often difficult to move from country to country due to real or perceived risk of animal disease. Zoosanitary standards …

Beef, Dairy, Equine, Poultry, Hogs, Sheep, And Goats, Kenneth H. Burdine, A. Lee Meyer

Agricultural Economics Presentations

No abstract provided.

Market Situation And Outlook For Hogs, Poultry And Small Ruminants, A. Lee Meyer

Agricultural Economics Presentations

No abstract provided.

Arkansas Agriculture Situation And Outlook 2002, Bruce L. Ahrendsen, Eric J. Wailes, Bruce L. Dixon, Michael Popp, Pat Manning, Tony E. Windham

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

Many farmers in Arkansas and other parts of the United States are experiencing financial stress. The purpose of this special report is to highlight the situation of Arkansas farmers and to offer an outlook for 2002. The report emphasizes the production, price, income, policy, financial, farmland value, and interest rate outlook for Arkansas farmers and considers the impact of the macro economy on agriculture. In addition, a summary of commercial rowcrop farm characteristics and production practices is presented.

Arkansas Agriculture Situation And Outlook 2001, Bruce L. Ahrendsen, Eric J. Wailes, Bruce L. Dixon, Andrew Mckenzie, Tony E. Windham

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

Many farmers in Arkansas and other parts of the United States are experiencing financial stress. The purpose of this special report is to highlight the situation of Arkansas farmers and to offer an outlook for 2001. The report emphasizes the production, price, income, financial, farmland value, and interest rate outlook for Arkansas farmers and considers the impact of the macro economy on agriculture. In addition, price risk management and pre-harvest marketing strategies for farmers are presented.

Arkansas Agriculture Situation And Outlook 2000, Bruce Ahrendsen, Eric Wailes, Bruce Dixon, H. L. Goodwin Jr., Tony Windham

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

Many farmers in Arkansas and other parts of the United States are experiencing financial stress. The purpose of this report is to highlight the situation of Arkansas farmers and to offer an outlook for 2000. The report emphasizes the production, price, income, financial, farmland value, and interest rate outlook for Arkansas farmers and considers the impact of the macroeconomy on agriculture. The contribution of poultry production to the Arkansas agricultural economy is also presented and analyzed.

Differential Effects Of Technological Change On Midwestern Agriculture, Allen C. Wellman

Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station: Historical Research Bulletins

The first objective of this study is to estimate the direct and indirect effects of several specific technological changes related to farm production and subsequent marketing activities on inter-area aspects of income per farm operator, land values, farm size and general adjustments in the competitive strength of states and regions, primarily in the Midwest. The second objective is to assess the research and policy implications of the results of the first objective.

Eleventh Random Sample Laying Test : 1967-68 Cages, Department Of Agriculture, Western Australia

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

ELEVENTH RANDOM SAMPLE LAYING TEST,

1967-68 - CAGES

POULTRY RESEARCH STATION, WEMBLEY

SIXTH PROGRESSIVE REPORT TO 3rd NOVEMBER, 1968

B593: Handling And Processing Broilers In Maine: Part Ii—Quality Losses In Live Broilers, And Methods Of Handling To Reduce Bruising And To Improve Efficiency, Lloyd J. Jewett, Richard Saunders

Bulletins

The time spent in getting broilers from the farm to the processing plant is a brief interval, yet it is during this period that most bruising occurs. Bruising lowers the quality of birds. This study from 1960 looks at the cause and amount of quality losses in broilers when they are moved from the farm to the plant; devises methods of reducing quality losses and improving labor efficiency, and evaluates the economic significance of these methods.

B592: Handling And Processing Broilers In Maine: Part 1—Costs And Efficiencies In Assembling Live Broilers For Processing, Lloyd J. Jewett

Bulletins

Processor-truckers are faced with the problem of how to move live broilers from the farm to the plant at lower cost and with less bruising. This study from 1960 was designed (1) to determine the costs and man-hour requirements for assembling live broilers, (2) to determine the importance of factors affecting assembly costs and labor requirements, and (3) to find ways of improving present conditions. An attempt was made to measure the effect of various types of broiler houses, load-out facilities, flock size and distance from farm to plant. Also an attempt was made to determine the effect of assembly …

Retail Merchandising Practices For Eggs And Poultry Products In Utah, 1955, M. Vincent Jorgensen

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Poultry and egg purchases represent a substantial part of the consumers' dollar spent for food. The Marketing and Transportation Situation reported that the average American family of 3.3 persons used 11.3 percent of its food expenditures for the purchase of chickens and eggs in 1953. This means that the average family spent $113.00 for eggs and chickens during that year.

B537: Supermarket Sales Of Poultry Meat, Richard Saunders

Bulletins

Shoppers' purchases of poultry meat were observed and recorded daily in four supermarkets located in Portland, Maine, over a two-month period, May and June, 1952. One month was spent in each of the two stores. To learn something of the seasonal pattern of consumers' purchases of poultry meat, observations were made again during November in the same supermarkets. The study revealed, among other things, that chicken was the biggest item in the poultry products line, that supermarkets sold more broilers and fryers than any other type of poultry meat, and that they were losing poultry sales by not having a …

B536: Consumer Poultry Meat Studies In The Northeast, Richard Saunders

Bulletins

In 1953, the subcommittee of the Northeast Regional Poultry Marketing Committee, considering the project "Consumer Preferences for, Consumer Purchases of, and the Market Demand for Poultry Products," decided to bring together in summary form the work completed and under way by research workers in the Northeast. The project was designed to address revolutionary changes in the poultry industry that had made it in increasingly important that the production and distribution of poultry meat and eggs be oriented to consumer preferences and market demand for these products.

B531: Sources Of Maine Poultry Meat And Market Outlets, W. E. Pullen, W. E. Savage

Bulletins

No episode in the history of Maine's agriculture was as spectacular as the rapid growth of the poultry meat industry. The leading role in this expansion was played by broilers. Within the 15-year span from 1938 to 1952, the number of broilers produced increased more than 50-fold, from less than 400,000 birds in 1938 to more than 23 million in 1952. Gross farm income from broilers increased even more rapidly, from about $200,000 in 1938 to nearly $24,000,000 by 1952. This expansion in commercial broiler production made the poultry industry jump from its usual third-place position as a source of …

Membership Relations Of The Utah Poultry And Farmers' Cooperative, Glen T. Nelson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Commercial egg production in Utah has developed gradually since 1920. Production of eggs increased from 142 million in 1924 to 433 million eggs in 1946. The percentage of total farm income of the state derived from the poultry industry increased from 5.3 percent in 1924 to 23.1 percent in 1946 and at the present time constitutes the largest income of any farm enterprise in this area. Factors influencing this development are: 1. High prices resulting from the war period of 1917 to 1920 followed by the depression period when prices were low. 2. The organization of cooperative egg-marketing associations. 3. …

Poultry Progress: Our Egg Marketing Job, F. E. Mussehl, H. C. Filley

Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station: Historical Circulars

Eggs are one of the products which Nebraska farm families exchange for the necessities and comforts of life. Although values are measured in dollars and cents, the interest of the producers centers in the amount of useful goods and services that the eggs will buy rather than in the price per dozen or per case. Farmers are interested in a fair exchange value because they wish better homes, better schools, better churches, and better communities in general. In the typical Nebraska community, not only farmers but physicians, merchants, mechanics and school teachers are dependent for their income, either directly or …