Life Sciences Commons^™

Alterations In Glycemic Variability, Vascular Health, And Oxidative Stress Following A 12-Week Aerobic Exercise Intervention-A Pilot Study, Joshua R. Sparks, Mark A. Sarzynski, J. Mark Davis, Peter W. Grandjean, Xuewen Wang

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 14(3): 1334-1353, 2021. The state of being overweight or obese leads to an increased risk of development of cardiometabolic disease. Increases in glycemic variability have been associated with greater induction of oxidative stress and declined vascular health, which may be exacerbated by higher weight status and improved through exercise. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of a twelve-week aerobic exercise intervention on continuous glucose monitor (CGM) assessed glucose concentrations and glycemic variability, and biomarkers of vascular health and oxidative stress in overweight or obese adults. Eight adults (Age = 48.9 ± …

The Effects Of A Mobile Fitness Application On Weight Management And Physical Acticity Amongst University Students, Erica Deenihan

Evidence-Based Practice Project Reports

The prevalence of obesity, and obesity related diseases throughout America, specifically in regard to the college student population has steadily climbed over the course of the last forty years, due largely in part to the increase in sedentary lifestyle behaviors, amongst other factors (Swanson, 2016). Physical activity has been widely recognized as a valid means of combatting obesity and weight gain while promoting health related quality of life (Swanson, 2016). Therefore, implementing strategies aimed at increasing physical fitness in attempt to control weight management is imperative to promoting improved health outcomes. The purpose of this evidence-based project was to examine …

Define Your Life In A Whole New Way, Une Applied Nutrition Program

All Student-Created Educational Resources

Childhood obesity has become a relatively recent problem, but affects a large portion of the American children population. The diet of American children is setting them up for failure. It is helping them to become overweight or obese instead of becoming strong and healthy into their adult years.

Effects Of Resistance Exercise On Postprandial Metabolism In Obese Men With Prediabetes, Adam Bittel

Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Prediabetes is a metabolic condition defined by elevated fasting (impaired fasting glucose (IFG)) and/or postprandial (impaired glucose tolerance (IGT)) glucose. Prediabetes affects nearly 86 million adults in the United States, with most (up to 70%) progressing to type 2 diabetes within as little as one year. Recent studies have indicated that elevated post-prandial glycemia and hypertriglyceridemia are early indicators of prediabetes, and are major risk factors for complications of prediabetes, including cardiovascular disease (CVD), stroke, elevated blood pressure, and obesity. Resistance exercise is a central component of exercise recommendations for individuals with type 2 diabetes and prediabetes, but the effect …

Healthy Living For Obese Teens, Une Applied Nutrition Program

All Student-Created Educational Resources

This project is a handout completed for the University of New England Applied Nutrition 605 course. It is intended for use by obese adolescents, their parents, and their caretakers. Its application is to aid these obese teens in achieving health and weight loss goals by implementing healthy diet habits and increasing activity levels.

How To Be A Healthy You, Sean Cairns

All Student-Created Educational Resources

The handout identifies what being overweight or obese is, what a healthy weight looks like, steps to get to a healthy weight, and how to maintain that healthy weight. The handout also gives additional resources on food lists, food budgeting tips, food assistance programs, website/app that will help with grocery shopping, budgeting, recipes and cooking techniques.

The Effects Of A Three-Hour, After School Bout Of Sedentary Vs Active Behavior On Reward And Cognitive Control Activation In 8- To 9-Year-Old Children: A Randomized Crossover Study, Mary Linn White

Theses and Dissertations

PURPOSE: To compare the effects of after-school sedentary versus active play on activation in the reward and cognitive control regions of the brain to pictures of high- and low-calorie foods. METHODS: 32 children (12 girls, 20 boys; age 8.7 ± 0.5 years; height 137.9 ± 6.9 cm; weight 32.4 ± 6.2 kg) participated in a randomized crossover study with counterbalanced treatment conditions. Conditions took place on separate days after school and included three hours of active or sedentary play. After each condition, neural activation in reward and cognitive control regions of the brain were assessed using functional magnetic resonance imaging …

The Role Of Pas Kinase And Cbf1 In Cellular Metabolism, Jenny Adele Pattison, Julianne H. Grose

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The most recent National Institute of Health report concludes that 68.8% of American adults are considered to be overweight or obese1. With this trend in obesity, metabolic diseases such as heart disease, stroke, cancer, and diabetes are on the rise. The critical yet basic function of cellular homeostasis is a central component in controlling these diseases. Sensory protein kinases are essential in the phosphorylation of many protein substrates, allowing them to control several metabolic functions and appropriately allocate glucose, maintaining homeostasis in cells. PAS kinase is a sensory protein kinase that is highly conserved and plays a crucial role in …

Exercise To The Rescue: An Analysis Of Altered Metabolic Gene Regulation Post-Exercise In Lean And Obese Individuals, Brandon Mudd

Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects

The skeletal muscle of obese individuals exhibits a depressed ability to metabolize fats. Exercise training is thought to rescue this dampened ability to metabolize fats; mediated by a coordinated increase in the expression of a network of genes that regulate metabolism and fuel utilization. The purpose of this study is to determine the exercise-induced regulation of metabolically important genes in lean and obese individuals. Muscle biopsies (one pre-exercise/baseline and one immediately post-exercise) were obtained from 4 lean (BF% 24.4 ± 5.5; 23.5 yrs ± 1.9) and 13 obese (BF% 39.7 ± 2.4; 26.1 yrs ± 2.3), age-matched, relatively young subjects, …

Enhanced Nmda Receptor-Mediated Modulation Of Excitatory Neurotransmission In The Dorsal Vagal Complex Of Streptozotocin-Treated, Chronically Hyperglycemic Mice, Eva C. Bach, Katalin Cs. Halmos, Bret N. Smith

Physiology Faculty Publications

A variety of metabolic disorders, including complications experienced by diabetic patients, have been linked to altered neural activity in the dorsal vagal complex. This study tested the hypothesis that augmentation of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) receptor-mediated responses in the vagal complex contributes to increased glutamate release in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve (DMV) in mice with streptozotocin-induced chronic hyperglycemia (i.e., hyperglycemic mice), a model of type 1 diabetes. Antagonism of NMDA receptors with AP-5 (100 μM) suppressed sEPSC frequency in vagal motor neurons recorded in vitro, confirming that constitutively active NMDA receptors regulate glutamate release in the DMV. There …

Microvascular Function In Metabolically Healthy Groups Differing In Bmi And Waist Circumference, Nathan R. Earl

Theses and Dissertations

BACKGROUND: Microvascular dysfunction (MD: impaired performance of blood flow, tissue perfusion, blood pressure, etc.) is one of the earliest stages in the progression of various chronic diseases. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine if a difference in microvascular function existed between two metabolically healthy groups that differed in BMI and waist circumference. DESIGN: This study employed a causal comparative design, with two groups: I) normal weight (n =14, BMI 28 kg/m2). METHODS: Microvascular function was assessed by measuring skin blood flow (SkBF) using laser Doppler flowmetry during postocclusive reactive hyperemia (PORH). The area under the SkBF time …

Global School-Based Childhood Obesity Interventions: A Review, Melinda J. Ickes, Jennifer Mcmullen, Taj Haider, Manoj Sharma

Kinesiology and Health Promotion Faculty Publications

Background: The issue of childhood overweight and obesity has become a global public health crisis. School-based interventions have been developed and implemented to combat this growing concern. The purpose of this review is to compare and contrast U.S. and international school-based obesity prevention interventions and highlight efficacious strategies.

Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted utilizing five relevant databases. Inclusion criteria were: (1) primary research; (2) overweight or obesity prevention interventions; (3) school-based; (4) studies published between 1 January 2002 through 31 December 2013; (5) published in the English language; (6) child-based interventions, which could include parents; and …

Analysis Of Contributing Factors To Obesity In Children And Adolescents In Southwest Georgia, Sydney L. Worthy

Theses and Dissertations

Today more than 23 million U.S. children and adolescents are either obese or overweight. Hospital costs from obesity-related diseases in youth have increased from $35 million (0.43% of total hospital costs) during 1979 to 1981 to $127 million (1.79% of total costs) during 1997 to 1999. During the Pathway to Med School program, I collaborated with three other students to develop a research project on childhood and adolescent obesity. We conducted surveys at nine different primary care clinics in the southwest Georgia area. Approval was sought by the Institutional Review Board of Phoebe Putney Memorial Health System and Albany Area …

Enjoyment Based Motivation And The Enjoyable Exercise Experience In A Generation Y Sample: A Mixed Methods Approach, Jonathan Stewart

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Individuals who choose to live a healthy lifestyle often have different preferences for a variety of exercise activities, exercise settings and eating plans. In fact, numerous researchers have examined the preferences of individuals in diet and exercise programs from past generations (Daley, Copeland, Wright, & Wales, 2008; Ekkekakis, Hall, & Petruzzello, 2005). Numerous research studies have examined the correlation between exercise adherence and exercise enjoyment (Bartlett, Close, Maclaren, Gregson, Drust, & Morton, 2011; Ebben & Brudzynski, 2008; Fleig, Lippke, Pomp, & Schwarzer, 2011; Frederick-Recascino, 2002; Leslie, Owen, Salmon, Bauman, Sallis, & Lo, 1999). However, little research has been found investigating …

Obese Reversal By A Chronic Energy Restricted Diet Leaves An Increased Arc Npy/Agrp, But No Alteration In Pomc/Cart, Mrna Expression In Diet-Induced Obese Mice, Xu-Feng Huang, Chao Deng, Yinghua Yu

Xu-Feng Huang

No abstract provided.

Does Hero Always Help? Differences In Nutrient Intake Among Obese Subjects With And Without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Prior To Dietary Intervention, Sze Yen Tan, Lynda Gillen, Marijka Batterham, Xu-Feng Huang, Cassandra Quick, Yasmine Probst, Serina Faraji, Linda Tapsell

Xu-Feng Huang

Abstract presented at The 2006 Annual Scientific Meeting of the Nutrition Society of Australia, 29 November - 2 December, Sydney, Australia

Does Hero Always Help? Differences In Nutrient Intake Among Obese Subjects With And Without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Prior To Dietary Intervention, Sze Yen Tan, Lynda Gillen, Marijka Batterham, Xu-Feng Huang, Cassandra Quick, Yasmine Probst, Serina Faraji, Linda Tapsell

Xu-Feng Huang

No abstract provided.

Energy-Restricted Pair-Feeding Normalizes Low Levels Of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/Tyrosine Kinase B Mrna Expression In The Hippocampus, But Not Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus, In Diet-Induced Obese Mice, Xu-Feng Huang, Qing Wang, Yinghua Yu

Xu-Feng Huang

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor tyrosine kinase B (TrkB) are closely associated with the regulation of energy homeostasis, but their roles in diet-induced obesity have not been explored. Using dietary interventions, this study examined regional changes of BDNF and TrkB mRNA expression in different brain regions of diet-induced obese (DIO) and resistant (DR) mice in response to high-fat (HF), energy-restricted pair-feeding and low fat (LF) diets. Using in situ hybridization, DIO mice had significantly decreased levels of BDNF mRNA expression (¿32% to ¿37%) and TrkB (¿21% to ¿23%) in the hippocampus compared to DR mice on an HF …

Decreased Plasma Peptide Yy Accompanied By Elevated Peptide Yy And Y2 Receptor Binding Densities In The Medulla Oblongata Of Diet-Induced Obese Mice, Xu-Feng Huang, Chao Deng, Yean Tan, Gita Rahardjo

Xu-Feng Huang

It is well known that the peripheral peptide YY (PYY)-central neuropeptide Y (NPY) Y2 receptor axis plays an important role in promoting negative energy balance regulation. Both the hypothalamus and medulla oblongata express a high level of Y2 receptors; however, the functional role of this receptor in chronic high-fat diet-induced obesity has not been fully examined. Using quantitative autoradiography, this study measured binding densities of total [125I]PYY and Y2 receptors in the hypothalamus and medulla of chronic high-fat diet-induced obese (DIO), obese-resistant, and low-fat-fed mice. Plasma PYY was also measured using RIA after 22 wk of dietary intervention. The results …

Does Hero Always Help? Differences In Nutrient Intake Among Obese Subjects With And Without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Prior To Dietary Intervention, Sze Yen Tan, Lynda J. Gillen, Marijka Batterham, Xu-Feng Huang, Cassandra J. Quick, Yasmine Probst, Serina Faraji, Linda C. Tapsell

L. C. Tapsell

Abstract presented at The 2006 Annual Scientific Meeting of the Nutrition Society of Australia, 29 November - 2 December, Sydney, Australia

Faktor Risiko Obesitas Pada Orang Dewasa Urban Dan Rural, Nurzakiah Nurzakiah, Endang Achadi, Ratu Ayu Sartika

Kesmas

Obesitas yang merupakan faktor risiko penyakit degeneratif di negara berkembang. Hal ini terjadi akibat perubahan gaya hidup masyarakat antara lain aktivitas fisik dan pola makan akibat perkembangan status sosial ekonomi masyarakat perkotaan dan pedesaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui cut-off point status gizi obese berdasarkan indikator IMT (Indeks Massa Tubuh). Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa prevalensi obese berdasarkan indikator PLT (Proporsi Lemak Tubuh) (35%), indikator IMT Depkes (22,7%) dan indikator IMT (40,8%). Faktor risiko obesitas yang paling dominan berdasarkan kategori PLT adalah tempat tinggal (OR=2,51;CI 95%:1,24-5,08); berdasarkan kategori IMT Depkes adalah tempat tinggal (OR=2,11;CI 95%:1,16-3,85); sedangkan berdasarkan kategori IMT sampel adalah asupan …

Does Hero Always Help? Differences In Nutrient Intake Among Obese Subjects With And Without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Prior To Dietary Intervention, Sze Yen Tan, Lynda J. Gillen, Marijka Batterham, Xu-Feng Huang, Cassandra J. Quick, Yasmine Probst, Serina Faraji, Linda C. Tapsell

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Abstract presented at The 2006 Annual Scientific Meeting of the Nutrition Society of Australia, 29 November - 2 December, Sydney, Australia

Autonomic Nervous System Modulation Of The Heart Following A High Carbohydrate Liquid Meal, Calynn Davis Bunol

LSU Master's Theses

The involvement of the sympathetic nervous system in the pathology of obesity has long been a debate among researchers. Various methods of capturing the resting sympathetic activity as well as the response of the sympathetic activity elicited by the introduction of a meal or a bout of exercise in both lean and obese individuals have been investigated. This study examined the autonomic modulation of the heart following a high carbohydrate liquid meal in various body types. Twenty-five females with body mass indexes [weight (kg)/height²(m)] ranging from 19.3-39.5 were grouped according to relative basal energy expenditure adjusted for lean …

The Effects Of A Very-Low-Calorie-Diet On Resting Energy Expenditure, Body Composition, And Biochemical Data In Obese Outpatients, Charlene A. Perkins

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Obesity is a disease of major proportion in the United States. The Surgeon General has identified obesity as a national health problem that affects approximately 34 million Americans.

The aim of this study was to investigate the very-low-calorie diet, Optifast 70. Measurements for resting energy expenditure (REE} and body composition via circumference measurements (CBF} and infrared photospectromerty (NIR} with a Futrex 5000 were collected at weeks 1, 7, 13, 19, and 25. Biochemical data, including serum chemistry panel (SMA-12} and complete blood count (CBC}, were collected on weeks 1, 5, 9, 13, 17, 21, and 25. Lipid profiles were drawn …

Rp94-374 A Parent's Guide To Children's Weight

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Weight is one of the many personal characteristics that distinguish children from each other. It has implications for both the physical and mental health of the child. Unfortunately, it also has the potential for causing many parent-child disagreements about what is or is not eaten and in what amounts.

This research publication answers the following questions:

What is the "right" weight for my child?

What can parents do to help a child who is medically defined as overweight or obese?

How can parents help an underweight child?

What can parents do to help children reach and maintain their best weight? …

B794: Weight Characteristics Of Maine Adults, Richard A. Cook, Martha Henson Burns, Louise A.L. Taber, Barbara E. Footer

Bulletins

Obesity is an issue of state and national magnitude. Obesity is a form of malnutrition in which the total contribution of calories from the diet exceeds the body's needs to such a degree that the physiological mechanism for food intake control (appetite/hunger) becomes imprecise and allows too much food to be consumed (overcompensation of energy intake).

This report expresses height and weight characteristics of Maine adults on a county basis (weighted means) for use locally. Weight distributions are compared according to both ideal weights and average weights of the national population. Comparisons are also made with respect to grouped urban …