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Articles 121 - 150 of 1096
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
A Feed Production System Utilizing Steep Grasslands And Eutrophic Hydro-Environments In Japan, K Kabata, C Okamoto, P Lowilai, M Kikuchi
A Feed Production System Utilizing Steep Grasslands And Eutrophic Hydro-Environments In Japan, K Kabata, C Okamoto, P Lowilai, M Kikuchi
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
One important landscape feature of Japanese grassland is the presence of much steep hill country. Precipitation is high in these areas. Soil nutrients are washed away into hydro-environments such as rivers, lakes and oceans. Waler pollution, especially eutrophication, has become a serious world-wide problem in recent years. In the feed production system of steep grasslands, it is suggested that a mixed pasture system is useful in promoting annual plant production in steep mountainous lands of the Aso area of Japan. Furthermore, the cultivation of water hyacinth (Eichhomia crassipes) in eutrophicated waters, in order lo remove the nutrient elements …
Integrating Multiple Biodiversity Metrics To Assess Diatom Diversity And Diatom/Macrophyte Host Specificity In Four Florida Benchmark Lakes, Alana Jade Bronk
Integrating Multiple Biodiversity Metrics To Assess Diatom Diversity And Diatom/Macrophyte Host Specificity In Four Florida Benchmark Lakes, Alana Jade Bronk
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Biodiversity is declining across all natural environments, however, freshwater systems are thought to be among the most threatened. Quantifying and understanding trends in freshwater biodiversity has become more urgent as rapid biodiversity loss continues. To provide a robust ecological assessment, more than one bioindicator should be used, along with multiple biodiversity metrics. Macrophytes and diatoms are important components of aquatic systems, especially in shallow lakes. The relationship between macrophytes and epiphytic diatoms, though, is not clearly understood, and has not been well-studied, particularly in Florida, which has the largest abundance of natural freshwater lakes in the southeastern U.S This study …
Effects Of Roadways On Seasonal Movement Strategies And Mate Location Success In An Imperiled Pit Viper (Crotalus Horridus), Elizabeth J. Noble
Effects Of Roadways On Seasonal Movement Strategies And Mate Location Success In An Imperiled Pit Viper (Crotalus Horridus), Elizabeth J. Noble
Graduate Research Showcase
A detailed understanding of animal movement behavior is fundamental to effective conservation and management. Within populations, a diversity of movement strategies can be displayed in search of critical resources, and these strategies are influenced by multiple interacting factors related to individuals and the environment. Mating partners are one critical resource that often serves as a prominent selective force shaping movement during mating seasons. For many large-bodied snakes, such as pit vipers (Viperidae: Crotalinae), male mate- searching movements are the primary determinant of mate location success. During this time, males incur significant risks associated with elevated movement. In an increasingly human- …
A Preliminary Discussion Of The Management And Administration Of Yunwu Mountain Natural Grassland Reserve In China, Zhao Zhiyi, Yang Ailian
A Preliminary Discussion Of The Management And Administration Of Yunwu Mountain Natural Grassland Reserve In China, Zhao Zhiyi, Yang Ailian
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The advantages and problems encountered in the establishment of a grassland reserve are described. The conflicts between local farmers' requirement to feed and water livestock and the conservation strategy of natural grassland are discussed.
Green Turtle Nesting Activity On Yeniyurt Beach, Hatay, Türkiye: Six-Year Results (2017–2022), Bektaş Sönmez
Green Turtle Nesting Activity On Yeniyurt Beach, Hatay, Türkiye: Six-Year Results (2017–2022), Bektaş Sönmez
Turkish Journal of Zoology
Conducting long-term conservation and monitoring activities for sea turtles provides a more precise depiction of their population status compared to studies conducted across a single year. The frequency of the nesting activity may fluctuate dramatically over time, depending on the environmental conditions. This study aimed to examine the nest count, female abundance, and reproductive output of green turtles on Yeniyurt beach in the eastern Mediterranean between 2017 and 2022. The beach was surveyed annual monitoring at consistent intervals. Temporal variations in the number of nests and the abundance of females were analyzed using the Mann-Kendall and Sen Slope tests. A …
A Triumph Of Conservation: The University Of South Carolina Aiken’S Bluebird Trail, Alyssa Godfrey, Emory Owens, Quinn Schreiber, Michelle L. Vieyra
A Triumph Of Conservation: The University Of South Carolina Aiken’S Bluebird Trail, Alyssa Godfrey, Emory Owens, Quinn Schreiber, Michelle L. Vieyra
Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science
The Eastern Bluebird (Sialia sialis) was once an endangered species, with over 90% of its population declining in the early 1900s (Ritchison, 2000). These birds play a crucial role in regulating insect populations and maintaining the safety of food sources, making them important both economically and environmentally. Eastern Bluebirds are proof that conservation efforts work, as they are now a species of least conservation concern in the United States. Since 2020, undergraduate students at the University of South Carolina Aiken have collaborated with the South Carolina Bluebird Society to establish and monitor 31 nesting boxes across the main campus …
Exploring The Multifunctional Landscapes Model In Areas Dominated By Non-Native Tree Plantations, Andrea Monica D. Ortiz, Eugenia M. Gayó, Noelia Carrasco Henríquez, Bárbara Jerez Henríquez, Aníbal Pauchard
Exploring The Multifunctional Landscapes Model In Areas Dominated By Non-Native Tree Plantations, Andrea Monica D. Ortiz, Eugenia M. Gayó, Noelia Carrasco Henríquez, Bárbara Jerez Henríquez, Aníbal Pauchard
SOSE Affiliate: Manila Observatory
Multifunctional landscapes offer an integrated approach to production, conservation, and human well-being. However, the challenges of implementing them in territories where plantations dominate are yet not well understood. This is the case in Chile, where plantations of non-native pines and eucalypts are extensively planted in its South-Central regions for timber and pulp. The resulting landscape homogenization, environmental degradation, and increased wildfire risk have caused and exacerbated conflicts, impacting biodiversity and the well-being of local communities and the Indigenous Mapuche Peoples. After the mega-wildfires in the region in 2023, science-policy discourse promoted the multifunctional landscapes model as a way to increase …
Software For Grassland Management For The Supply Of Fresh Feed For Stall-Feeding And/Or Grazing And For Conservation In Combination With Feed Production On Arable Land, A Chudy
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Tasks, fundamentals and methodics (algorithms) of software for the projection of feed production (FUPRO) as part of an integrated software program (the package Futterplanung), are described. It covers total feed-economic relations, starting from the use of agricultural acreage up to specific animal requirement.
Computer Simulation To Aid The Development, Transfer An Adoption Of Alternative Forage Conservation Systems, C A. Rotz, D R. Buckmaster
Computer Simulation To Aid The Development, Transfer An Adoption Of Alternative Forage Conservation Systems, C A. Rotz, D R. Buckmaster
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
A computer simulation model of forage production, conservation and use was developed to evaluate forage technologies. The model simulates forage losses and quality changes along with the use and costs of machines, structures, labour, fuel, chemicals, etc. Alfalfa and corn produced on the farm arc supplemented with purchased feeds to feed a dairy herd or they are sold. Simulation over many years of weather conditions provides a long-term evaluation of the performance and economics of alternative forage systems. Simulation results provide manufacturers with design-performance constraints which aid the development of new products. Adoption of available forage technology is aided by …
Wolverine Habitat Suitability Analysis In Lake County, Colorado, Using Gis, Jake Hostnik
Wolverine Habitat Suitability Analysis In Lake County, Colorado, Using Gis, Jake Hostnik
Geography and the Environment: Graduate Student Capstones
This project explores the reintroduction of the wolverine (Gulo gulo luscus) to Colorado’s mountainous regions, where the species has been extirpated due to habitat destruction and human activities. The study uses Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to identify optimal habitats for wolverine reintroduction, considering factors like snowpack duration, prey availability, and human disturbance. By creating a GIS-based habitat suitability model, this research will guide conservationists in selecting reintroduction sites. The project addresses the species' role in maintaining alpine ecosystem balance and contributes to the broader understanding of biodiversity restoration in the face of climate change. Results will inform future conservation planning …
Amphiphala, A New Genus And Its Three New Species From Eastern North America (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Cochylina), Michael A. Roberts, Michael Sabourin, John W. Brown
Amphiphala, A New Genus And Its Three New Species From Eastern North America (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Cochylina), Michael A. Roberts, Michael Sabourin, John W. Brown
Insecta Mundi
Amphiphala Roberts and Sabourin, new genus (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is proposed for three new species: A. liatriana Roberts and Sabourin, new species; A. landryana Brown, new species; and A. carolana Sabourin, new species. The genus is recorded from the eastern part of North America from Ontario, Canada south to South Carolina, and west to Manitoba and Mississippi. Owing to its superficial similarity to the banded sunflower moth, Cochylichroa hospes (Walsingham, 1884), Amphiphala remained hidden in North American Lepidoptera collections. Amphiphala liatriana has been reared from northern blazing star, Liatris scariosa (L.) Willd. (Asteraceae), in Maine.
A Comparative Analysis Of Extant Oceanic Shark Species Using Trait-Based Ecology, Elizabeth A. Johnson
A Comparative Analysis Of Extant Oceanic Shark Species Using Trait-Based Ecology, Elizabeth A. Johnson
All HCAS Student Capstones, Theses, and Dissertations
Over the past few decades, scientists have been working together to mitigate human impacts on global shark populations, but deciding which species need the most immediate attention can be difficult. This study uses a newly emerging approach to ecology, trait-based ecology, to identify trends in trait expression with depth and determine which species have the most unique sets of traits. While trait-based ecology has already been applied to numerous fields, a trait-based approach to shark research is still in its infancy. A total of 15 traits across 337 oceanic shark species were examined to identify trends in trait expression and …
Indigenous Populations Of Lolium Perenne L. Identification, Evaluation And Conservation, G Spatz, A Oetmann, C Paul
Indigenous Populations Of Lolium Perenne L. Identification, Evaluation And Conservation, G Spatz, A Oetmann, C Paul
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
One hundred indigenous ryegrass populations were identified along 2 geographical gradients in Germany (west-east and north-south), Each population was sampled by collecting 180 tillers in 1991. The total 18 000 tillers were cultivated and will be examined as spaced plants (ex situ) in 1992 Nine selected populations were investigated in situ 1991. The results of the i11 situ investigations show high variability between and within the populations. The most valuable populations will be conserved as gene reserves within their environments (i11 situ). Promising material will in future be handed over to private breeders.
Sex Differences In The Diets Of Forest-Dwelling Baboons (Papio Anubis), Kara Hartunian
Sex Differences In The Diets Of Forest-Dwelling Baboons (Papio Anubis), Kara Hartunian
Theses and Dissertations
The ability to eat and switch between many food sources is an adaptative feeding strategy utilized for meeting nutritional needs across different environments, seasons, and physiological conditions. Baboons (genus Papio) excel at both dietary flexibility and foraging selectively, and consequently have one of the most widespread geographic distributions in the Order. To further expand to our understanding of baboon feeding ecology, I analyzed foraging activity and the nutritional characteristics of the diets of the relatively understudied rainforest baboons (Papio anubis) living in Kibale National Park, Uganda. I also investigated if there are differences in food type choice …
A Grazing Land Conservation Plan, R G. Hendricks
A Grazing Land Conservation Plan, R G. Hendricks
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In a sample planning scenario, a ranching operation in the USA demonstrates a typical conservation problem on grazing lands. Using SCS conservation planning techniques, problems and objectives are identified, resources are inventoried, data are analysed, solutions formulated and conservation practices implemented to solve the resource problem. With use of the economic analysis routine in Grazing Land Applications (OLA) version 1.1 decision suppott software, return on investment was largest when the client installed a combination of rest-rotation grazing, prescribed burning, and initiated a hunting lease programme.
Range Conservation Planning: The Usda- Soil Conservation Service Method, Rhett H. Johnson
Range Conservation Planning: The Usda- Soil Conservation Service Method, Rhett H. Johnson
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The USDA-Soil Conservation Service has responsibility for providing one-on-one conservation planning assistance with the private rangeland managers of over 160 million ha in the USA. This assistance is provided on voluntary basis at the request of the private land user through a local conservation district. Through SO years of experience, a successful planning process has evolved, known as the Ten Elements Of Conservation Planning. These elements are: (1) provide information, (2) request assistance, (3) develop resource inventories, (4) recognise problems and opportunities, (5) determine objectives, (6) develop and evaluate alternatives, (7) make decisions, (8) document decisions, (9) implement decisions, and …
From Inbreeding To Admixture: How The Diverse Consequences Of Gene Flow Shape Evolutionary Dynamics And Population Viability, Amy L. Springer
From Inbreeding To Admixture: How The Diverse Consequences Of Gene Flow Shape Evolutionary Dynamics And Population Viability, Amy L. Springer
All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Fall 2023 to Present
When Homo sapiens traveled out of Africa and interbred with the Neanderthals of Europe, human genes spread into the Neanderthal population. Likewise, genes from Neanderthals spread into the human genome—genes humans still carry to this day. The process whereby genetic material from one population is spread to another is known as gene flow. Gene flow—or the absence thereof—can have critical consequences for a population’s health and survival. On one hand, if no gene flow occurs, mating among close relatives can lead to high levels of inbreeding. Inbreeding can have devastating consequences for the health of populations, in some cases even …
Identifying New Potential Breeding Pond Sites For The Dusky Gopher Frog In Southern Mississippi, Shelbie Kellum
Identifying New Potential Breeding Pond Sites For The Dusky Gopher Frog In Southern Mississippi, Shelbie Kellum
Master's Theses
The main objective of this thesis was to identify potential new pond sites across southern Mississippi for the critically endangered dusky gopher frog (DGF). Ephemeral ponds are the preferred breeding habitat for the species, but they are quite rare in the region due to the diminishment of the longleaf pine ecosystem. This research addresses gaps in the current literature by providing a broad overview of dusky gopher frog breeding habitat identification. LiDAR derived datasets as well as tools within ArcGIS Pro were utilized in order to perform spatial analysis on sites of interest in south Mississippi. By using this methodology …
Hindcasting Water Availability In Semi-Arid Systems, Nicholas E. Kolarik
Hindcasting Water Availability In Semi-Arid Systems, Nicholas E. Kolarik
Boise State University Theses and Dissertations
Dryland systems cover one third of the earth’s land surface and are becoming increasingly drier, but existing datasets do not capture all of the types of available water that sustain these systems. In semi-arid environments, small surface water bodies and areas of mesic vegetation (wetlands, wet meadows, riparian zones) function as critical water resources. However, the most commonly-used maps of water availability are derived from the Landsat time series or single date aerial photographs, and are either too coarse spatially or temporally to effectively monitor dynamics of available water. In Chapter 1, I produced a Sentinel Fusion (SF) water resources …
Wildlife Conservation: The Importance Of Individual Personality Traits And Sentience, Karen A. Owens, Gosia Bryja, Marc Bekoff
Wildlife Conservation: The Importance Of Individual Personality Traits And Sentience, Karen A. Owens, Gosia Bryja, Marc Bekoff
Animal Sentience
Individual differences in personality types within the same species have been studied much less than differences between species and populations. Personality differences are related to risk-taking and exploration, which in turn correlate with individuals' daily responses, decisions, and fitness. Bold and shy personality types can have different advantages and disadvantages under different social or environmental pressures. Analyzing personality differences has helped clarify how elk habituate to a well-populated area and how management strategies can be adapted to them. For wolves newly repatriated to Colorado, individual personality factors are likely to prove important for adapting to their new homes as well …
Population Demography, Occupancy, And Connectivity Of Invasive Bigheaded Carp In The Platte River, Nebraska And Its Tributaries, Blake W. Logan
Population Demography, Occupancy, And Connectivity Of Invasive Bigheaded Carp In The Platte River, Nebraska And Its Tributaries, Blake W. Logan
School of Natural Resources: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research
Silver Carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and Bighead Carp H. nobilis, collectively referred to as bigheaded carp, are invasive species in the United States of America that have expanded their range throughout the Missouri River basin in the last three decades. It may be desirable to develop management plans directed at the monitoring, control, or removal of bigheaded carp within the Missouri River basin. However, a knowledge gap exists regarding bigheaded carp ecology in Missouri River tributaries, which may be important for the development of management plans. As such, this study characterized bigheaded carp population demographics, occupancy, and connectivity in …
Additives As Preservatives For Wrapped Round Bales Silage Made Under Tropic Climate, J M. Paillat, G Mandret
Additives As Preservatives For Wrapped Round Bales Silage Made Under Tropic Climate, J M. Paillat, G Mandret
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In tropical highlands it is difficult to conserve harvested forage as silage. Tests with molasses as an additive, or using ammonium tetraformiate (ATF) or inoculants have been conducted to find out more about the fermentation process in these conditions. Sugar additives are not the primary factor in the fermentation process. Nevertheless, they are essential to make up for the small amounts of water soluble carbohydrates (WSC) in the forages, but only if the dry matter (DM) content is high enough (27% for temperate species, 40 % for the kikuyu grass). Even at high rates such as 5 l t-1 of …
Pfra Grazing Management Conserves Biodiversity, B Bristol, T Weins
Pfra Grazing Management Conserves Biodiversity, B Bristol, T Weins
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Shrinking grassland habitats across Prairie Canada are resulting in increased societal values for biodiversity within the remaining rangeland resources. The Prairie Farm Rehabilitation Administration (PFRA) manages 929,000 hectares in the Prairie and Boreal Plain Ecozones across three Prairie Provinces. Management of these range resources accomplishes two main objectives: (1) sustaining economic viability of the rural community through provision of livestock grazing and (2) conservation of soil, water and biodiversity resources. PFRA uses the tools of inventory, research and management to accomplish these objectives. The 87 pastures are managed toward the “good and excellent” range condition classes which conserves biodiversity and …
Genetic Diversity In The Native Australian Grass Agrostis Adamsonii (Poaceae), E A. James, A Brown
Genetic Diversity In The Native Australian Grass Agrostis Adamsonii (Poaceae), E A. James, A Brown
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Genetic variability in A.adamsonii is assessed from measurements of mature florets and from analysis of variation in DNA using the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique. Results are compared to those for three other species of Agrostis growing at the same site or in similar habitats.
Assessment Of Georgia’S Royal Catchfly (Silene Regia) Along A Forest-Edge Gradient In A Remnant Prairie Community, Megan Brooks
Assessment Of Georgia’S Royal Catchfly (Silene Regia) Along A Forest-Edge Gradient In A Remnant Prairie Community, Megan Brooks
Master's Theses
Royal catchfly (Silene regia) is a perennial prairie forb known to grow in rocky, alkaline soils within tallgrass prairies of the eastern United States. S. regia is recorded from twelve states, including Georgia, and is now confined to fragmented habitats due to the loss of 95% of its natural environment. The species is now listed as critically imperiled in the state of Georgia. Attempts at reintroduction via outplanting have only shown limited success, necessitating more research on the environmental conditions in which this plant survives in its southern-most distribution. This study investigated the local ecological factors influencing the …
Germination And Seedling Growth Of Native Uae Plant Species: The Combined Effects Of Elevated Co2 And Temperature, Nour Elhouda Debouza
Germination And Seedling Growth Of Native Uae Plant Species: The Combined Effects Of Elevated Co2 And Temperature, Nour Elhouda Debouza
Thesis/ Dissertation Defenses
The dissertation offers an extensive analysis of the physiological adaptations and coping strategies of native plant species in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) to the elevated levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and temperature, within the broader context of human-induced climate change. Given the arid climate of the UAE, understanding how native species respond to environmental stressors is critical for the preservation of biodiversity and the development of sustainable agricultural practices. This study focuses specifically on the germination and early growth stages of three crucial native species—Senna italica, Prosopis cineraria, and Tephrosia nubica—under controlled conditions that simulate future climatic scenarios. …
Climate Considerations For Quaking Aspen Conservation, Douglas Shinneman, Susan Mcilroy, Paul C. Rogers
Climate Considerations For Quaking Aspen Conservation, Douglas Shinneman, Susan Mcilroy, Paul C. Rogers
Aspen Bibliography
Human-caused climate change alters ecosystem processes ranging from local to global scales. As a consequence of climate change we should expect increased rates and intensities of disturbance events. Though we are only beginning to understand what those impacts might be to aspen forests and their diverse plant and animal assemblages, recent science suggests there may be unavoidable effects. In the face of anticipated climate-ecosystem challenges, contemporary managers are searching for guidance on preserving aspen resilience. We suggest crafting strategic yet cautious approaches to minimize effects and facilitate broad resilience. For instance, monitoring conditions in and near aspen forests will help …
Operation Shark: Addressing The Negative Portrayal Of Sharks In Media, Michael R. O'Shea
Operation Shark: Addressing The Negative Portrayal Of Sharks In Media, Michael R. O'Shea
Masters Theses
Sharks are some of the most well adapted and effective animals in the animal kingdom. Unfortunately, they are also some of the most feared. For many people the word shark evokes images of vicious attacks like those seen in movies such as Jaws. Sharks have also been negatively portrayed in the media. This negative portrayal of sharks has led to misconceptions about sharks that have damaged their populations. Efforts have been made to raise awareness and fight common misconceptions of sharks. However, many people still hold on to the incorrect ideas they have about sharks. This thesis will examine the …
From Pixels To Plants: Remote Sensing Of California Invasive Plants, Kenneth Rangel
From Pixels To Plants: Remote Sensing Of California Invasive Plants, Kenneth Rangel
Master's Projects and Capstones
Invasive plants cause significant impacts to ecosystems, the economy, and human health. California has experienced significant plant invasions and is well suited to future invasion because of its Mediterranean climate and human disturbance. Eradication or control of invasive plant species requires a detailed understanding of their spatial distribution, which typically involves on the ground surveys that can be expensive or inconsistent. Remote sensing offers a potential alternative or supplement to in-person invasive plant mapping. This study performed a comparative analysis of 41 remote sensing studies that mapped the distribution of California invasive plants. I found that while high spectral resolution …
Biodiversity Loss & Urban Heat: A Nature- Based Wildlife Policy For The Las Vegas Metro, Zachary Billot
Biodiversity Loss & Urban Heat: A Nature- Based Wildlife Policy For The Las Vegas Metro, Zachary Billot
Student Research
As the population of the Las Vegas Metro continues to grow, new developments expand on the periphery. As Las Vegas continues to increase in size and develop further into wildlife habitat, not only are native animals and plants endangered, but residents are at risk of increasingly dangerous urban heat given the increase in impervious cover that makes Las Vegas the 2nd fastest warming metro in the U.S. This policy brief examines current policy and practice in place to highlight the need for positive human-wildlife interaction that will address the growing threat of biodiversity loss and heat vulnerability. This policy brief …