Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
Articles 1 - 30 of 36
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Ammonia Ion Selective Electrode And Indophenol Methods Can Be Used Successfully To Evaluate Meat Contaminated By Ammonia, F. Hijaz, J. Scott Smith, Curtis L. Kastner
Ammonia Ion Selective Electrode And Indophenol Methods Can Be Used Successfully To Evaluate Meat Contaminated By Ammonia, F. Hijaz, J. Scott Smith, Curtis L. Kastner
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Anhydrous ammonia is used as a refrigerant in large warehouses for cooling meats, fruits, vegetables, milk, and other products. Ammonia offers several advantages over other refrigerants; it does not harm the ozone layer and is a very efficient heat transfer agent. However, cold storage facilities sometimes have ammonia leaks. When this happens, products are held for an indeterminate period or are condemned because there is no official method to evaluate the degree of product contamination. In one case, a warehouse owner discarded a product because he could not prove that it was safe. His insurance company would not compensate him …
Despite Nais Concerns Electronic Identification Use By Cow-Calf Producers Is Increasing, S.J. Breiner, S.A. Grau, B.B. Barnhardt, A.M. Bryant, Kris Boone, Dale A. Blasi, Ted C. Schroeder, Ryan M. Breiner
Despite Nais Concerns Electronic Identification Use By Cow-Calf Producers Is Increasing, S.J. Breiner, S.A. Grau, B.B. Barnhardt, A.M. Bryant, Kris Boone, Dale A. Blasi, Ted C. Schroeder, Ryan M. Breiner
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
The proposed U.S. National Animal Identification System has generated concerns among producers relative to implementation of the system. Many of these concerns stem from the USDA's Bovine Identification Working Group's recommendations to use electronic Identification Plan Bovine Working Group has recommended radio frequency identification as the technology to individually identify cattle. Understanding and implementing an electronic identification system for cow-calf producers is believed to be one of the greatest challenges of implementing the National Animal Identification System.
Mature Open Cows Are Rarely Persistently Infected With Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus, Bradley J. White, Robert L. Larson, Daniel U. Thomson
Mature Open Cows Are Rarely Persistently Infected With Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus, Bradley J. White, Robert L. Larson, Daniel U. Thomson
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDv) is an immunosuppressive virus affecting cattle in a multitude of ways. The varied presentation makes this disease difficult to identify in cow herds and the signs of a BVD infection may be very subtle. The syndrome causes economic problems by reducing herd fertility and increasing disease rates. The persistently infected (PI) animal is a unique reservoir for BVDv. These cattle are the result of in utero exposure to the noncytopathic biotype of BVDv prior to the development of a competent fetal immune system at about 125 days of gestation. Persistently infected animals are the primary …
Validation Of Commercial Dna Tests For Beef Quality Traits, A.L. Van Eenennaam, J. Li, R.M. Thallman, R.L. Quaas, C. Gill, D.E. Franke, M.G. Thomas, Michael E. Dikeman
Validation Of Commercial Dna Tests For Beef Quality Traits, A.L. Van Eenennaam, J. Li, R.M. Thallman, R.L. Quaas, C. Gill, D.E. Franke, M.G. Thomas, Michael E. Dikeman
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Gene mapping and discovery programs have resulted in the detection of numerous DNA "˜markers' for various beef cattle production traits. Prior to commercializing genetic markers, it is important to validate their purported effects on the traits of interest in different breeds and environments, and assess them for correlated responses in associated traits. One of the biggest challenges in achieving this objective is the availability of cattle populations with sufficient phenotypic data to assess the association between various traits and newly discovered genetic markers. Results from such validation studies to date have not been widely published and genetic marker tests sometimes …
Supplementation With Degradable Intake Protein Increases Low-Quality Forage Utilization And Microbial Use Of Recycled Urea, T.A. Wickersham, R.C. Cochran, E.E. Wickersham, D.P. Gnad, Evan C. Titgemeyer
Supplementation With Degradable Intake Protein Increases Low-Quality Forage Utilization And Microbial Use Of Recycled Urea, T.A. Wickersham, R.C. Cochran, E.E. Wickersham, D.P. Gnad, Evan C. Titgemeyer
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
A common production practice throughout the United States is to supplement protein to cattle consuming low-quality forage (forage with a crude protein content of less than 7%) in order to improve animal performance (i.e., maintain body condition score and body weight) during the winter. Protein supplementation increases forage utilization (intake and digestion) and cow performance by supplying ruminal microbes with protein that is essential for microbial growth. Increased microbial activity in turn provides sources of both protein and energy to the cow. In addition to the protein that is fed and degraded in the rumen, ruminants have the ability to …
Ultrasound Sorting Increases Feedlot Profitability, A. Garmyn, Daniel W. Moser
Ultrasound Sorting Increases Feedlot Profitability, A. Garmyn, Daniel W. Moser
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Feedlot managers often market entire pens as mixed groups, resulting in lower-quality, over-finished, or heavyweight carcasses. As the cattle industry has moved towards valuebased marketing systems, finding a costeffective tool that predicts future carcass merit and sorts cattle into outcome groups, thus producing a more uniform product at harvest, is of great interest to feedyard managers. The objective of this research was to determine the profitability of sorting feedlot cattle at reimplant time by using ultrasound and computer technology to group cattle into uniform market groups.
Dried Distiller’S Grains Improve The Performance Of Beef Cattle Intensively Grazing Early Summer Bluestem Pasture, M. Epp, B. Barnhardt, A. Bryant, Dale A. Blasi
Dried Distiller’S Grains Improve The Performance Of Beef Cattle Intensively Grazing Early Summer Bluestem Pasture, M. Epp, B. Barnhardt, A. Bryant, Dale A. Blasi
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Distiller's grains are byproducts of the production of ethanol from grains and are an excellent source of protein and energy for cattle. The most prevalent use of distiller's grains is in the finishing beef production sector. There is limited research available that has evaluated effectiveness of distiller's grains as a supplement for grazing beef cattle. Digestible protein content in grass begins to decrease in midsummer, resulting in lower average daily gains. The objective of this study was to measure the daily gain of yearling steers supplemented with different levels of dried distiller's grains while grazing doublestock Flint Hills pastures.
Optimizing Use Of Distiller’S Grains With Solubles (Dgs) In Finishing Cattle Diets, E.R. Loe, M.E. Corrigan, M.J. Quinn, Brandon E. Depenbusch, James S. Drouillard
Optimizing Use Of Distiller’S Grains With Solubles (Dgs) In Finishing Cattle Diets, E.R. Loe, M.E. Corrigan, M.J. Quinn, Brandon E. Depenbusch, James S. Drouillard
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Rapid expansion of the fuel ethanol industry has increased availability of distillery byproducts. Distiller's grains with solubles (DGS) are the predominant byproduct of fermenting grains to fuel ethanol. During this process, the majority of starch is removed from the grain, and residual components of the grain are concentrated into the distiller's byproduct. Distiller's grains with solubles contain the bran, which is high in fiber; the germ, which is high in fat; and the protein. Given the relatively high fiber content of DGS, it is conceivable that DGS could serve as a replacement for roughage in finishing diets. One of the …
Supplementation Of Stocker Steers Grazing Native Flint Hills Pasture With A Protein And Mineral Supplement Increases Average Daily Gains, B.B. Barnhardt, M.P. Epp, A.M. Bryant, P.J. Guiroy, Dale A. Blasi
Supplementation Of Stocker Steers Grazing Native Flint Hills Pasture With A Protein And Mineral Supplement Increases Average Daily Gains, B.B. Barnhardt, M.P. Epp, A.M. Bryant, P.J. Guiroy, Dale A. Blasi
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Supplementation of range cattle with minerals is a common management practice that is used to maximize performance. Flint Hills grasses provide an adequate amount of protein for the diet through the first half of a doublestock grazing period, but declining protein content of native grasses during the latter parts of the grazing season typically cause decreases in forage digestibility and daily gains. The goal of this experiment was to measure differences in performance between steers that were supplemented with a) loose salt for the entire grazing period, b) a stocker mineral supplement for the entire grazing period, or c) a …
Microbial Use Of Recycled Urea Is Dependent On The Level And Frequency Of Degradable Intake Protein Supplementation, T.A. Wickersham, R.C. Cochran, E.E. Wickersham, E.S. Moore, Evan C. Titgemeyer
Microbial Use Of Recycled Urea Is Dependent On The Level And Frequency Of Degradable Intake Protein Supplementation, T.A. Wickersham, R.C. Cochran, E.E. Wickersham, E.S. Moore, Evan C. Titgemeyer
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Protein supplementation increases utilization (intake and digestion) of low-quality forage and ultimately animal performance. Despite its effectiveness, protein supplementation is often expensive. One strategy to reduce the cost of supplementation is to supplement less frequently than daily, generally every other day or every third day. By reducing the frequency of supplementation, the cost of delivering the supplement is reduced. Reducing the frequency of supplementation is an effective strategy for reducing cost, and it only minimally impacts animal performance, with less frequent supplementation resulting in slightly greater losses of body condition score and body weight during the winter supplementation period. Urea …
Efficacy Of Feed Grade Antibiotics In Finishing Diets Containing Distiller’ Grains With Solubles (Dgs), E.R. Loe, M.J. Quinn, Brandon E. Depenbusch, James S. Drouillard
Efficacy Of Feed Grade Antibiotics In Finishing Diets Containing Distiller’ Grains With Solubles (Dgs), E.R. Loe, M.J. Quinn, Brandon E. Depenbusch, James S. Drouillard
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Rumensin and Tylan, both marketed by Elanco Products Company, have proved to be valuable feed additives when fed to finishing feedlot cattle. Rumensin was approved in the mid-1970s to improve feed efficiency and average daily gain. Rumensin frequently is used to manage digestive disturbances associated with otherwise erratic intakes of high grain diets. Tylan is fed as a preventative for liver abscesses. Rumen disorders such as acidosis and rumenitis are predisposing factors for liver abscesses. Erratic intakes of high grain diets along with poor bunk management are important factors that predispose cattle to ruminal disorders. Abscessed livers can have deleterious …
Energy Supply Affects Leucine Utilization By Growing Steers, G.F. Schroeder, E.S. Moore, Evan C. Titgemeyer
Energy Supply Affects Leucine Utilization By Growing Steers, G.F. Schroeder, E.S. Moore, Evan C. Titgemeyer
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
In growing pigs, when protein supply is adequate, protein deposition increases with an increase in energy intake. However, when amino acid supply is limited, protein deposition does not respond to increases in energy intake. These relationships between energy, protein supply and protein deposition, which are observed in monogastric animals, have been described as protein- and energydependent phases of growth. These relationships indicate that energy supply does not affect the efficiency of amino acid utilization, allowing the assumption of a constant efficiency across a broad range of energy intake. Although this type of relationship is assumed for cattle by most of …
Limit-Feeding A High-Concentrate Diet May Alter Nutrient Absorption, J.O. Wallace, W.F. Miller, B.J. Johnson, Christopher D. Reinhardt
Limit-Feeding A High-Concentrate Diet May Alter Nutrient Absorption, J.O. Wallace, W.F. Miller, B.J. Johnson, Christopher D. Reinhardt
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Feeding newly arrived cattle is commonly characterized by a few days of feeding longstemmed hay followed by a series of step-up diets, wherein concentrate levels are increased to promote ruminal adaptation to a highconcentrate finishing diet. This is done to give the rumen microbes time to adjust to larger amounts of readily fermentable starches in cereal grains. Rumen epithelial adaptation may be achievable by limit-feeding a finishing diet, with gradual increases in feed intake, until the cattle are on full feed. If this can be achieved without causing ruminal disorders and days off feed, then the cost of feeding cattle …
Wet Distiller’S Grains With Solubles In Beef Finishing Diets Comprised Of Steam-Flaked Or Dry-Rolled Corn, M.L. May, M.J. Quinn, James S. Drouillard, Charles E. Walker
Wet Distiller’S Grains With Solubles In Beef Finishing Diets Comprised Of Steam-Flaked Or Dry-Rolled Corn, M.L. May, M.J. Quinn, James S. Drouillard, Charles E. Walker
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
The purpose of this experiment was to determine optimal levels of distiller's grains in finished diets with steam-flaked corn or dry rolled corn. Distiller's grains have been used extensively in regions of the country in which dry-rolled and high-moisture grains are prevalent. Production of fuel ethanol is now expanding into the High Plains, where feedlots more commonly use steam flaking. The cost to produce flaked corn is higher than the cost to produce dry rolled corn, and with rising energy costs (especially natural gas), this spread is becoming more dramatic. Comparing the use of wet distiller's grains fed in conjunction …
Comparison Of Feed Efficiency Rankings Of Heifers Fed Low And High Energy Dense Diets, J.A. Christopher, T.T. Marston
Comparison Of Feed Efficiency Rankings Of Heifers Fed Low And High Energy Dense Diets, J.A. Christopher, T.T. Marston
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Concepts related to energy efficiency in cattle have been the basis for many research projects. Even though differences in individuals have long been recognized, little effort has been focused on the causes of the observed variations. The concept of residual feed intake was first introduced in 1963, and is calculated as the difference between actual feed intake by an animal and its expected feed intake based on body weight and growth rate. Residual feed intakes are phenotypically independent of the production traits used to calculate expected feed intake. Consequently, residual feed intake values can be useful in comparing individuals differing …
Degermed Corn Distiller’S Grains With Solubles (Dgs) Have Feed Value Similar To Traditional Distiller’S Grains, E.R. Loe, M.J. Quinn, M.E. Corrigan, Brandon E. Depenbusch, James S. Drouillard
Degermed Corn Distiller’S Grains With Solubles (Dgs) Have Feed Value Similar To Traditional Distiller’S Grains, E.R. Loe, M.J. Quinn, M.E. Corrigan, Brandon E. Depenbusch, James S. Drouillard
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Rapid expansion of the fuel ethanol industry has greatly increased availability of distillery byproducts. Distiller's grains with solubles (DGS) are the predominant byproduct of fermenting grains into fuel ethanol. During this process, starch is removed from the grain and the residual components of the grain are concentrated in the DGS. Improvements in the conversion of cereal grains to ethanol have been fueled by recent changes in the production process. Broin Companies (Sioux Falls, SD) have developed a technology that removes the germ before the fermentation process. The resulting byproduct contains more protein, less crude fat, and less phosphorus compared to …
Value Of Animal Traceability Systems In Managing A Foot-And-Mouth Disease Outbreak In Southwest Kansas (2007), D.L. Pendell, Ted C. Schroeder
Value Of Animal Traceability Systems In Managing A Foot-And-Mouth Disease Outbreak In Southwest Kansas (2007), D.L. Pendell, Ted C. Schroeder
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Concerns regarding management of animal disease and related perceptions about food safety have escalated substantially in recent years. Terrorist attacks of September 2001, discovery of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in a dairy cow in December 2003 in Washington, subsequent discoveries of BSEinfected animals in Texas in 2005 and Alabama in 2006, and recent worldwide outbreaks of highly contagious animal diseases (i.e., foot-and-mouth disease [FMD] and Avian influenza) have made apparent the need for animal traceability in U.S. livestock production and marketing. In addition, animal identification systems are rapidly developing throughout the world, effectively increasing international trading standards. One way to …
Veterinarians Are Most Popular Source Of Information Utilized By Cow-Calf Producers (2007), S.J. Breiner, S.A. Grau, B.B. Barnhardt, A.M. Bryant, Kris Boone, Dale A. Blasi, Ted C. Schroeder, Ryan M. Breiner
Veterinarians Are Most Popular Source Of Information Utilized By Cow-Calf Producers (2007), S.J. Breiner, S.A. Grau, B.B. Barnhardt, A.M. Bryant, Kris Boone, Dale A. Blasi, Ted C. Schroeder, Ryan M. Breiner
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Sources and channels of information used among agriculturalists have long been important issues in Cooperative Extension. A source is an entity that originates a message. By understanding from whom producers receive messages, there exists a better framework to deliver information. Moreover, when considering the demographics of today's producers, as well as the sources of information utilized, the industry can work toward better educating and understanding the concerns of these individuals.
Computer And Internet Usage Of Cow-Calf Producers Is Growing (2007), S.J. Breiner, S.A. Grau, B.B. Barnhardt, A.M. Bryant, Kris Boone, Dale A. Blasi, Ted C. Schroeder, Ryan M. Breiner
Computer And Internet Usage Of Cow-Calf Producers Is Growing (2007), S.J. Breiner, S.A. Grau, B.B. Barnhardt, A.M. Bryant, Kris Boone, Dale A. Blasi, Ted C. Schroeder, Ryan M. Breiner
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
While the world continues to evolve toward enhanced computer and Internet usage, the agricultural arena has been slower to follow. The objective of this survey was to examine the computer utilization practices of cow-calf producers through a nationwide mail survey. By understanding the demographics of today's producers, as well as if and how they are using their personal computers and the Internet, the industry can work toward educating producers about the benefits of this technology.
Optaflexx1 Affects Rumen Fermentation (2007), Charles E. Walker, James S. Drouillard, Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja
Optaflexx1 Affects Rumen Fermentation (2007), Charles E. Walker, James S. Drouillard, Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Three experiments were conducted to determine effects of ractopamine-HCl, sold under the trade name Optaflexx, on rumen fermentation. In experiment 1, fermentative gas production was measured in vitro to determine the impact of increasing amounts of ractopamine- HCl added to rumen fluid. Ractopamine-HCl increased gas production when added to rumen fluid up to 10 times the assumed physiological dosage of 200 mg per head/day, but depressed gas production at 100 times the physiological dose. Experiment 2 and 3 evaluated the effects of ractopamine-HCl on production of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) by ruminal microbes. In vitro experiments revealed no effect of …
The Effects Of Ractopamine-Hcl (Optaflexx) On Finishing Feedlot Heifers (2007), M.J. Quinn, E.R. Loe, M.E. Corrigan, James S. Drouillard, Brandon E. Depenbusch
The Effects Of Ractopamine-Hcl (Optaflexx) On Finishing Feedlot Heifers (2007), M.J. Quinn, E.R. Loe, M.E. Corrigan, James S. Drouillard, Brandon E. Depenbusch
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Whether occurring naturally or synthetically, beta-agonists are classified as phenethanolamines based on their chemical structure. Other specificities of structure determine the exact behavior of the compound in animals. Beta-agonists bind to specific receptors on the cell membranes of skeletal muscle, adipose,and other tissues. Upon binding, these agents alter metabolic pathways, ultimately causing a repartitioning of nutrients to increase muscle and decrease fat accretion. In cattle, betaagonists such as cimaterol and clenbuterol improve feed efficiency, average daily gain, and longissimus muscle area. The proposed effects of ractopamine HCl are similar to those of other beta-agonists. The purpose of this study was …
The Effects Of Ractopamine-Hcl (Optaflexx) On Performance, Carcass Characteristics, And Meat Quality Of Finishing Feedlot Heifers (2007), M.J. Quinn, M.L. May, James S. Drouillard, Christopher D. Reinhardt, Brandon E. Depenbusch
The Effects Of Ractopamine-Hcl (Optaflexx) On Performance, Carcass Characteristics, And Meat Quality Of Finishing Feedlot Heifers (2007), M.J. Quinn, M.L. May, James S. Drouillard, Christopher D. Reinhardt, Brandon E. Depenbusch
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Beta-adrenergic agonists are commonly used in livestock production to accelerate growth by enhancing lean tissue gain. These compounds repartition nutrients away from fat deposition and toward protein accretion. Generally, increased growth is associated with ractopamine feeding, which improves feed conversion and increases body weight gain. However, little data exists on the effects of ractopamine-HCl on live performance or carcass characteristics of beef heifers. Data released from Elanco Animal Health indicate that differences between gender may exist in response to ractopamine, and therefore appropriate strategies for the administration of this compound must be defined for heifers independent of those for steers. …
Vaccine Impacts E. Coli O157 In Feedlot Cattle (2007), J.T. Fox, A.B. Thornton, M.E. Jacob, Daniel U. Thomson, James S. Drouillard, Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja
Vaccine Impacts E. Coli O157 In Feedlot Cattle (2007), J.T. Fox, A.B. Thornton, M.E. Jacob, Daniel U. Thomson, James S. Drouillard, Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Many human foodborne illnesses are caused by pathogens commonly harbored by food animals. Escherichia coli O157 is one of these pathogens commonly isolated from beef cattle feces and can enter the food chain at harvest. In addition to the human health concerns, this pathogen has important economic implications. Costly recalls of beef products and loss of consumer confidence associated with outbreaks of foodborne illness can affect profitability on many levels of production. In the past 10 years, E. coli O157 has cost the beef industry an estimated $2.67 billion. A portion of this expense is allocated to government and industry …
Attitudes Of Cow-Calf Producers Toward Nais Are Guarded (2007), S.J. Breiner, S.A. Grau, B.B. Barnhardt, A.M. Bryant, Kris Boone, Dale A. Blasi, Ted C. Schroeder, Ryan M. Breiner
Attitudes Of Cow-Calf Producers Toward Nais Are Guarded (2007), S.J. Breiner, S.A. Grau, B.B. Barnhardt, A.M. Bryant, Kris Boone, Dale A. Blasi, Ted C. Schroeder, Ryan M. Breiner
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
The introduction of a National Animal Identification System (NAIS) into the United States has generated much confusion and controversy. The goal of the NAIS is to utilize 48-hour traceback in the event of an animal disease outbreak, identify all animals that have had contact with the diseased animal, and link animals to their premises of origin. The NAIS has led to new technology and guidelines with the potential to change the production and marketing landscape of the beef industry. Moreover, these advances have led to public policy issues that have changed the rhetoric of the industry. The objective of this …
Grain Processing Reduces E. Coli O157 In Feedlot Cattle (2007), J.T. Fox, M.E. Jacob, S.L. Reinstein, James S. Drouillard, Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja
Grain Processing Reduces E. Coli O157 In Feedlot Cattle (2007), J.T. Fox, M.E. Jacob, S.L. Reinstein, James S. Drouillard, Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Escherichia coli O157 is an important food-borne pathogen for which the gastrointestinal tract of cattle is the major reservoir. Fecal shedding of E. coli O157 in cattle reflects the ability of the organism to persist in or colonize the gastrointestinal tract. Evidence suggests that the site of persistence or colonization is in the hindgut and not the rumen. Although the reasons are not known, it is likely that the ecosystem of the hindgut is more hospitable than the rumen. Therefore, we hypothesize that dietary factors that promote supply of substrates (starch, fiber, protein, or lipids) to the hindgut will have …
Eye Lens Weight And Nitrogen Content Predict Beef Animal Age (2007), C.R. Raines, Melvin C. Hunt, James J. Higgins, James L. Marsden, Michael E. Dikeman, John A. Unruh
Eye Lens Weight And Nitrogen Content Predict Beef Animal Age (2007), C.R. Raines, Melvin C. Hunt, James J. Higgins, James L. Marsden, Michael E. Dikeman, John A. Unruh
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
With the emergence of Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) and the necessity to guarantee cattle ages to meet export requirements of some countries, the need to accurately determine age is paramount to the worldwide beef industry. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) estimates that only approximately 5% of U.S. beef cattle have documented chronological ages. Several methods for determining or predicting cattle age exist, including vertebra ossification, lean color, and dentition. Current systems can be criticized due to their subjectivity and subsequent inherent variability. Because concerns exist about current methods of determining cattle age, we investigated the use of the …
Aging, Blade Tenderization, And Injection Impacts Tenderness Of Muscles From Fed Steers (2007), Stacy L. Hutchinson, Melvin C. Hunt, T.T. Marston, John A. Unruh
Aging, Blade Tenderization, And Injection Impacts Tenderness Of Muscles From Fed Steers (2007), Stacy L. Hutchinson, Melvin C. Hunt, T.T. Marston, John A. Unruh
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Enhancement of steer and heifer meat has become a common practice, especially for some large retailers in the United States, because it increases the weight of salable product and decreases variability in tenderness and juiciness. Enhancement also may reduce the aging period for some muscles. Muscles for this research were identified by National Cattlemen's Beef Association (NCBA) as possible muscles in which value could be added with some type of postmortem tenderization treatment. If muscles are enhanced, aging may become less important, thus allowing more efficient and faster processing of those cuts. Therefore, the objective of this research was to …
Aging, Blade Tenderization, And Enzyme Injection Impacts Tenderness Of Muscles From Fed Cull Cows Of Known Age (2007), Stacy L. Hutchinson, T.T. Marston, Melvin C. Hunt, John A. Unruh
Aging, Blade Tenderization, And Enzyme Injection Impacts Tenderness Of Muscles From Fed Cull Cows Of Known Age (2007), Stacy L. Hutchinson, T.T. Marston, Melvin C. Hunt, John A. Unruh
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Approximately 16% of the 31 million head of cattle harvested in the United States in 2005 were aged cows. Cow meat is known to be tougher than meat from young steers and heifers, and it typically has a less desirable, darker color. It is generally assumed that cow meat needs to be ground or have some form of postmortem tenderization applied to be merchandized as a whole muscle product. The knuckle, top sirloin, and top blade muscles have been identified as muscles that potentially can be upgraded to medium-priced steaks. Most cow steaks are fabricated by food-service providers for their …
Antioxidants May Reduce Heterocyclic Amines In Commercially Marinated Beef Steaks (2007), F. Ameri, J. Scott Smith
Antioxidants May Reduce Heterocyclic Amines In Commercially Marinated Beef Steaks (2007), F. Ameri, J. Scott Smith
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Heterocyclic amines (HCAs) are carcinogenic and mutagenic compounds found at a level of parts per billion in grilled fish and meats. Since the connection between consumption of dietary carcinogens and risk of different cancers in humans has been established, it is necessary to explore effective inhibitors that can prevent or reduce the formation of HCAs in cooked meats. Cooking meat with natural antioxidants decreases or eliminates HCAs in meat. Our objective was to study the inhibition of five HCAs in beef steaks marinated using commercial ingredients that are natural antioxidants.
Formation And Safety Of 2-Dodecylcyclobutanone, A Unique Radiolytic Product In Irradiated Beef (2007), P. Gadgil, J. Scott Smith
Formation And Safety Of 2-Dodecylcyclobutanone, A Unique Radiolytic Product In Irradiated Beef (2007), P. Gadgil, J. Scott Smith
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Treating food with ionizing radiation improves product safety and helps maintain quality. The main selling point of irradiated foods is that it is microbially safe. Beginning in October 2002, companies could petition the FDA for permission to use terms like "electronic pasteurization" on the labeling for irradiated foods. Consumers are already familiar with pasteurization and they associate the term with a safe product. There needs to be a protocol in place to test for irradiation to verify that products meet regulatory requirements. Being able to differentiate between irradiated and nonirradiated food will aid in proving the authenticity and safety of …