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Articles 691 - 720 of 1541

Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences

The Critically Endangered Forest Owlet Heteroglaux Blewitti Is Nested Within The Currently Recognized Athene Clade: A Century-Old Debate Addressed, Pankaj Koparde, Prachi Mehta, Sushma Reddy, Uma Ramakrishnan, Shomita Mukherjee, V. V. Robin Feb 2018

The Critically Endangered Forest Owlet Heteroglaux Blewitti Is Nested Within The Currently Recognized Athene Clade: A Century-Old Debate Addressed, Pankaj Koparde, Prachi Mehta, Sushma Reddy, Uma Ramakrishnan, Shomita Mukherjee, V. V. Robin

Biology: Faculty Publications and Other Works

Range-restricted species generally have specific niche requirements and may often have unique evolutionary histories. Unfortunately, many of these species severely lack basic research, resulting in poor conservation strategies. The phylogenetic relationship of the Critically Endangered Forest Owlet Heteroglaux blewitti has been the subject of a century-old debate. The current classifications based on non-phylogenetic comparisons of morphology place the small owls of Asia into three genera, namely, Athene, Glaucidium, and Heteroglaux. Based on morphological and anatomical data, H. blewitti has been alternatively hypothesized to belong within Athene, Glaucidium, or its own monotypic genus Heteroglaux. …

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Biomimetic Macromolecules For Macrophage Targeting And Modulation, Joshua Whited Jan 2018

Biomimetic Macromolecules For Macrophage Targeting And Modulation, Joshua Whited

ETD Archive

Carbohydrate recognition has come to the forefront of biological aiming to uncover the mechanisms of physiological and pathological processes. Cell surface glycans are involved in processes including cellular adhesion, cell signaling, and immune response. A new approach for profiling cell surface glycans has great potential for a wide range of biomedical applications. Lectins have been conventionally used to determine the structure and function of glycoproteins, however, their numbers are still restricted compared to the number of glycan structures. Boronic acid has proven a remarkable small molecule capable of binding diols in aqueous solution. This interaction indicates boronic acid derived molecules …

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Monitoring Ohio Bat Communities And Populations Using Mobile Acoustics, Molly C. Simonis Jan 2018

Monitoring Ohio Bat Communities And Populations Using Mobile Acoustics, Molly C. Simonis

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

The goal of my thesis is to: 1) provide baseline information of where Ohio bats are foraging in Wright State University's (WSU) campus woods in relation to forest age and habitat (Chapter 1), 2) determine potential roost availability for local bats (Chapter 1), and 3) examine changes in state-wide species composition following the introduction of White-nose Syndrome (WNS; Chapter 2). In Chapter 1, I created walking bat acoustic routes and used generalized linear models to determine what forest ages and habitats had the greatest bat activity in the WSU campus woods. I conducted habitat transects throughout all forest ages to …

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Low-Impact Yoga Improves Flexibility, But Has No Effect On Heart Rate Variability In Sedentary Adult Women, Lauren Marie Shafer Jan 2018

Low-Impact Yoga Improves Flexibility, But Has No Effect On Heart Rate Variability In Sedentary Adult Women, Lauren Marie Shafer

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

Heart disease is the leading cause of death among adults in the United States and more than 600,000 people per year die when the condition goes untreated. Many cardiovascular maladies, such as high blood pressure and heart disease, can be markedly improved with lifestyle changes, including eating a healthy diet and regular exercise. In this study, 15 sedentary adult women (aged 19-63 years) participated in a prescribed 12-week yoga program. Electrocardiography was used to measure Heart Rate Variability, a tool that assesses autonomic tone on the heart. Autonomic nervous system activity is assessed at VLF, LF, and HF spectral components. …

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Lifelines Winter 2018, Southern Adventist University Jan 2018

Lifelines Winter 2018, Southern Adventist University

Lifelines - Biology Department Newsletter

The Winter 2018 issue of Lifelines features articles on student missions in Peru, an alumni spotlight, and a pictorial directory of the 2018 biology and allied health graduates.

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Evaluation Of A Small Molecule Agonist Of Epha2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinase And Copalic Acid Analogs As Prostate Cancer Therapeutics, Nethrie Idippily Jan 2018

Evaluation Of A Small Molecule Agonist Of Epha2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinase And Copalic Acid Analogs As Prostate Cancer Therapeutics, Nethrie Idippily

ETD Archive

Project I: Chemotherapeutic drugs have many side effects that are undesirable and are highly toxic. Therefore, there is a growing need for the development of drugs with enhanced efficacy, specificity, and potency to provide cancer patients with a better prognosis. It was discovered that a member of the Receptor Tyrosine Kinase family, EphA2, may prove to be a viable target in developing anti-cancer agents. In the presence of its ligand, EphA2 receptor is responsible for apoptotic and anti-migratory activity. However, in the absence of ligand, EphA2 is able to stimulate cell migration and therefore tumorigenic activity. These conflicting roles of …

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A Synthesis Platform For Temperature Responsive Star Polymers, Schmitt J. Richard Jr. Jan 2018

A Synthesis Platform For Temperature Responsive Star Polymers, Schmitt J. Richard Jr.

ETD Archive

Star polymers are a class of branched polymers comprised of several polymer chains extending from a central point. Star polymers have applications in biopharmaceuticals where they have been proposed to be suitable drug delivery vehicles. Star polymers have traditionally been synthesized through chemical synthesis with added functionality provided by grafting on the arms. This complex synthesis can be simplified by using a biosynthetic approach which enables precise control of molecular weight and composition. This approach is demonstrated using star polymers with arms composed of a temperature responsive protein-based polymer termed elastin-like polypeptide (ELP). Star polymers are characterized based on the …

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The Naked Mole Rat Possesses A Differently Phased Core Clock System Along With A Different Glucose Handling And Mtor Systems Compared To The Common Lab Mouse, Soumyaditya Ghosh Jan 2018

The Naked Mole Rat Possesses A Differently Phased Core Clock System Along With A Different Glucose Handling And Mtor Systems Compared To The Common Lab Mouse, Soumyaditya Ghosh

ETD Archive

INTRODUCTION The Naked Mole Rat [ Heterocephalus glaber] is a type of rodent -with the highest average lifespan-30 years-among all the rodent species. It lives underground in sealed burrow systems with little to no exposure to day-night transitions on the surface. It shows polyphasic round the clock activity within its subterranean burrow system. The activity and physiology of most animals are governed by the biological circadian clock. The biological circadian clock is a system that oscillates with a rough periodicity of 24 hours. Environmental zeitgebers regulate the entrainment of the circadian clock to the 24-hour day-night cycle and light is …

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A Comparison Of Two Methods Of Quantifying Mating Success In Low Density Gypsy Moth (Lymantria Dispar) Populations, Alexandra Barry, Hannah Byrne, Derek M. Johnson Jan 2018

A Comparison Of Two Methods Of Quantifying Mating Success In Low Density Gypsy Moth (Lymantria Dispar) Populations, Alexandra Barry, Hannah Byrne, Derek M. Johnson

UROP Posters

The gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) is a defoliating pest native to Europe and invasive to North America. The gypsy moth is subject to depressed mating success in low density populations, which may restrict spread of the forest pest. Research focusing on gypsy moth density as it relates to mating behavior has often used counts of males caught in pheromone-baited delta traps as a proxy to estimate the probability of female mating success. The purpose of this project was to determine whether pheromone trap counts provide accurate estimates of female mating success probability, by comparing data gathered from pheromone-baited …

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The Six-Legged Subject: A Survey Of Secondary Science Teachers’ Incorporation Of Insects Into U.S. Life Science Instruction, Erin Ingram, Douglas Golick Jan 2018

The Six-Legged Subject: A Survey Of Secondary Science Teachers’ Incorporation Of Insects Into U.S. Life Science Instruction, Erin Ingram, Douglas Golick

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

To improve students’ understanding and appreciation of insects, entomology education efforts have supported insect incorporation in formal education settings. While several studies have explored student ideas about insects and the incorporation of insects in elementary and middle school classrooms, the topic of how and why insects are incorporated in secondary science classrooms remains relatively unexplored. Using survey research methods, this study addresses the gap in the literature by (1) describing in-service secondary science teachers’ incorporation of insects in science classrooms; (2) identifying factors that support or deter insect incorporation and (3) identifying teachers’ preferred resources to support future entomology education …

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Zero Textbook Cost Syllabus For Env 1003 (Fundamentals Of Ecology-Lecture And Recitation), Rebecca Kulp Jan 2018

Zero Textbook Cost Syllabus For Env 1003 (Fundamentals Of Ecology-Lecture And Recitation), Rebecca Kulp

Open Educational Resources

This course introduces students not only to ecological terms and concepts but demonstrates how the scientific process adds new knowledge to the field. Through recitation, you will be able to explore the many platforms science gets communicated to the community, and decide for yourself whether you trust how the information is being presented.

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Neuromuscular Control Of The Calling Apparatus In The Túngara Frog (Engystomops Pustulosus), Kiran Kaur Grewal Jan 2018

Neuromuscular Control Of The Calling Apparatus In The Túngara Frog (Engystomops Pustulosus), Kiran Kaur Grewal

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

Male túngara frogs can add a distinctive note ("chuck”) to their mating call. Production of the chuck involves vibrating a pair of laryngeal fibrous masses that is attached to the vocal cords. The muscular control of this mechanism remains unknown. Recent studies revealed a split in the laryngeal dilator muscle, which unveiled the deep dilator as a novel laryngeal muscle with unique attachments, innervation, and (likely) function. The deep dilator may position the fibrous masses for chuck production. The goals of this study were 1) to confirm the innervation of the novel muscle through electrophysiology; and 2) to determine the …

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Noradrenergic Tuning, Not Simple Rate Effects, Produces Temperature-Sensitivity Of The Respiratory Network In Bullfrogs, Mauricio Vallejo Jan 2018

Noradrenergic Tuning, Not Simple Rate Effects, Produces Temperature-Sensitivity Of The Respiratory Network In Bullfrogs, Mauricio Vallejo

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Animals match ventilation to metabolic and acid-base regulatory demands during changes in body temperature. Across vertebrates ventilation increases at warmer temperatures and decreases at cooler temperatures. At the organismal level this is attributed to metabolic feedback and/or alpha-stat pH regulation; however, the cellular mechanisms that produce ventilatory output in response to brain temperature changes remain unclear. To identify mechanisms underlying temperature-sensitivity of the respiratory control network, I used brainstem-spinal cord preparations producing spontaneously active, rhythmic motor output similar to breathing in vivo of adult bullfrogs Lithobates catesbeianus. In vitro brainstem-spinal cords were superfused with artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) equilibrated at …

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Characterization Of The Effect Of Optineurin On Alpha-Synuclein Aggregation And Toxicity In Yeast, Md Moydul Islam Jan 2018

Characterization Of The Effect Of Optineurin On Alpha-Synuclein Aggregation And Toxicity In Yeast, Md Moydul Islam

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

Optineurin, an autophagy adaptor protein genetically linked to Normal Tension Glaucoma and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, has been found in the pathological inclusions of various other neurodegenerative disorders, supporting an important role of optineurin in neurodegeneration. Using yeast as a model, we found that overexpression of optineurin drastically enhances the toxicity of the Parkinson's disease-causing protein, alpha-synuclein. Considering the conserved protein-protein interaction between optineurin and Ypt1, a yeast suppressor of the toxicity of both optineurin and alpha-synuclein, we hypothesize that cellular targets of optineurin underlie in the cytotoxicity and the enhancer effect. Using genome-wide yeast two-hybrid screens, we identified 97 yeast …

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Zero Textbook Cost Syllabus For Bio 3005 (Molecular And Cellular Biology), Krista Dobi, Kim Macklin Jan 2018

Zero Textbook Cost Syllabus For Bio 3005 (Molecular And Cellular Biology), Krista Dobi, Kim Macklin

Open Educational Resources

The biology of cells is examined with an emphasis on the relationship between organelle structure and function. Activity of the nucleus, cell structure, division and growth, and tools for studying genes will be discussed. Laboratory experiments are performed with isolated organelles or intact cells. Techniques include cell fractionation, bio-chemical assays, and DNA isolation and modification. Students will also read and analyze articles from scientific journals.

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Zero Textbook Cost Syllabus For Env 3009/Bio 4009 (Conservation Biology And Sustainable Development), Natalia Borrego Jan 2018

Zero Textbook Cost Syllabus For Env 3009/Bio 4009 (Conservation Biology And Sustainable Development), Natalia Borrego

Open Educational Resources

Conservation biology is an interdisciplinary topic that explores how we can protect and maintain natural areas. Due to the resources we take and impacts we have on natural environments, this field is directly related to restoration ecology (restoring natural areas) and sustainable development/natural resource management. We will explore the basis for these related fields from an ecological, social, legal, and cultural perspective, as all conservation and management projects take place in the larger human landscape. We will consider how we measure biodiversity, why it matters, why is it is threatened, and how we can manage (protect, restore, maintain, use) it …

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Full Issue: Volume 11, Number 2 Jan 2018

Full Issue: Volume 11, Number 2

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

No abstract provided.

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Distribution And Stability Of The Lampricide 3-Trifluoromethyl-4-Nitrophenol (Tfm) In Non-Target Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) And White Sucker (Catostomus Commersonii), Darren Foubister Jan 2018

Distribution And Stability Of The Lampricide 3-Trifluoromethyl-4-Nitrophenol (Tfm) In Non-Target Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) And White Sucker (Catostomus Commersonii), Darren Foubister

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

The lampricide 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) is applied to tributaries of the Great Lakes to control invasive sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus). Although TFM is selectively toxic to larval sea lampreys, non-target mortality can occur during lampricide treatments. It is important to know whether or not TFM played a role in the death of these fishes, and the most direct means to do this is using forensic science principles. The objectives of this study were to: (i) determine the acute toxicity of TFM to the non-target fishes, rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and white sucker (Catostomus commersonii), and how the lampricide is …

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The Effect Of Increased Quizzing On Retention Of Material By Histology Laboratory Students, R. J. Nogrady Jan 2018

The Effect Of Increased Quizzing On Retention Of Material By Histology Laboratory Students, R. J. Nogrady

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In traditional approaches to teaching, examinations and quizzes have been considered secondary activities, designed to assess and motivate learning, but not generally as teaching tools in themselves (Roediger and Butler, 2011). However, abundant psychological research in laboratory settings indicates that the act of taking a quiz or examination on the material can directly enhance retention of that material in ways which are distinct from and often more effective than restudying of the material. This phenomenon is now referred to as the testing effect. The testing effect hypothesis asserts that (1) repeated retrieval attempts have a longer lasting effect on retention …

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Lonicera Maackii Alters Decay Dynamics Of Coarse Woody Debris, Michaela J. Woods Jan 2018

Lonicera Maackii Alters Decay Dynamics Of Coarse Woody Debris, Michaela J. Woods

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

Since industrialization, anthropogenic carbon emissions have led to excess atmospheric carbon dioxide that may alter the stability of ecosystem processes. Microorganisms are essential in mitigating excess carbon and play a notable role in the breakdown of organic material. This process, decomposition, is essential in forested ecosystems where microorganisms can recycle nutrients and store carbon in soil organic matter or release it through respiration. Fungi participate in decomposition through the release of enzymes responsible for carrying out the chemical reactions that break down plant material. Species introductions have the potential to alter decomposition dynamics. In the Midwestern US, the invasive shrub …

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Biol 448-H01: Neuropathophysiology, Darshan Desai Jan 2018

Biol 448-H01: Neuropathophysiology, Darshan Desai

Biology Syllabi

No abstract provided.

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Building Capacity For A Global Genome Editing Observatory: Conceptual Challenges, J. Benjamin Hurlbut, Sheila Jasanoff, Krishanu Saha, Aziza Ahmed, Anthony Appiah, Elizabeth Bartholet, Francoise Baylis, Gaymon Bennett, George Church, I. Glenn Cohen, George Daley, Kevin Finneran, William Hurlbut, Rudolf Jaenisch, Laurence Lwoff, John Paul Kimes, Peter Mills, Jacob Moses, Buhm Soon Park, Erik Parens, Rachel Salzman, Abha Saxena, Hilton Simmet, Tania Simoncelli, O. Carter Snead, Kaushik Sunder Rajan, Robert D. Truog, Patricia Williams, Christiane Woopen Jan 2018

Building Capacity For A Global Genome Editing Observatory: Conceptual Challenges, J. Benjamin Hurlbut, Sheila Jasanoff, Krishanu Saha, Aziza Ahmed, Anthony Appiah, Elizabeth Bartholet, Francoise Baylis, Gaymon Bennett, George Church, I. Glenn Cohen, George Daley, Kevin Finneran, William Hurlbut, Rudolf Jaenisch, Laurence Lwoff, John Paul Kimes, Peter Mills, Jacob Moses, Buhm Soon Park, Erik Parens, Rachel Salzman, Abha Saxena, Hilton Simmet, Tania Simoncelli, O. Carter Snead, Kaushik Sunder Rajan, Robert D. Truog, Patricia Williams, Christiane Woopen

Journal Articles

A new infrastructure is urgently needed at the global level to facilitate exchange on key issues concerning genome editing. We advocate the establishment of a global observatory to serve as a center for international, interdisciplinary, and cosmopolitan reflection.

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Investigating The Ecology Of A Rare Species On St. John, Usvi: Reintroducing Solanum Conocarpum In Light Of Climate Change, Cecilia Rogers Jan 2018

Investigating The Ecology Of A Rare Species On St. John, Usvi: Reintroducing Solanum Conocarpum In Light Of Climate Change, Cecilia Rogers

Senior Honors Projects, 2010-2019

Approximately two thirds of St. John is National Park territory. However, the land has been threatened with tourism and development, greatly impacting island biodiversity. One species that may become extinct due to this degradation is Solanum conocarpum. S. conocarpum is a rare shrub, endemic to the dry tropical forests of St. John, USVI. This plant is a species of conservation concern and is one of very few native and endemic plants on this island. Very little is known about the ecology and reproduction of S. conocarpum. Most plants are found on the southern half of the island. Recent observations …

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Characterizing Low Nutrient Stress Resistance In Crop Sunflowers (Helianthus Annus), Casey Croshaw Jan 2018

Characterizing Low Nutrient Stress Resistance In Crop Sunflowers (Helianthus Annus), Casey Croshaw

All Master's Theses

Historically agriculture has met global food production demands, but abiotic stresses are predicted to decrease crop yield in the context of climate change. In order to prevent losses in crop yield under conditions of increasing environmental stress and to reduce environmental damage from unsustainable farming practices, improvements must be made in crop breeding and bioengineering. However, these improvements require insight into the mechanisms of abiotic stress resistance. In this study, 60 different genetic sunflower (Helianthus annuus) lines were grown in the field under fertilized and unfertilized treatments to assess phenotypic traits associated with low nutrient stress resistance. Sunflowers …

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Full Issue: Volume 12, Number 1 Jan 2018

Full Issue: Volume 12, Number 1

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

No abstract provided.

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Lipin1 Regulates Skeletal Muscle Differentiation Through The Pkc/Hdac5/Mef2c:Myod -Mediated Pathway, Abdulrahman M. Jama Jan 2018

Lipin1 Regulates Skeletal Muscle Differentiation Through The Pkc/Hdac5/Mef2c:Myod -Mediated Pathway, Abdulrahman M. Jama

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

Our previous characterization of global lipin1-deficient (fld) mice demonstrated that lipin1 played a novel role in skeletal muscle (SM) regeneration. The clinical relevance of lipin1 has been observed in patients with lipin1 null mutations where they exhibited severe rhabdomyolysis with aggregated and dysfunctional mitochondria. Lipin1 is a key gene that plays an important role in lipid biosynthesis and metabolism. It has dual functions as it contains a phosphatase activity that converts phosphatidic acid (PA) to diacylglycerol (DAG), the penultimate step in triglycerides (TAG) biosynthesis as well as transcriptional co-activator function. In the cytosol and ER, lipin1 carries out its lipid …

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The Effects Of Aqueous Nitrate On Freshwater Crayfish, Erik Hartman Jan 2018

The Effects Of Aqueous Nitrate On Freshwater Crayfish, Erik Hartman

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

Globalization and a rising need for greater production from the agricultural system have increased the use of fertilizer by farms across the entire country. The purpose of this experiment was to observe the effects of aqueous nitrate (commonly found in many fertilizers) on the metabolic rate and hemolymph lactate concentration of freshwater crayfish. After exposure, there was no observed change in metabolic rate, but there was a significant decrease in hemolymph lactate concentration in the groups exposed to nitrate.

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Osmotic Activation Of Sperm Motility Via Water Flow Through Aquaporins In The Freeze-Tolerant Cope's Gray Treefrog, Dryophytes Chrysoscelis, Deja Miller Jan 2018

Osmotic Activation Of Sperm Motility Via Water Flow Through Aquaporins In The Freeze-Tolerant Cope's Gray Treefrog, Dryophytes Chrysoscelis, Deja Miller

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

Gametes of gray treefrogs, Dryophytes chrysoscelis, are deposited into freshwater ponds. Sperm undergo spermatogenesis and maturation beginning in the seminiferous tubules and migrating to the lumen. In mammals and fishes, these cells are immotile within the isosmotic fluid of the testes and have motility activated by exposure to a hyper- or hypoosmotic medium. Water flows into or out of the sperm cell, altering intracellular ionic concentrations, and ultimately stimulates flagellar movement. We tested the hypothesis that exposure to a hypotonic environment activates motility of gray treefrog sperm. We also hypothesized that osmotic water uptake is facilitated by expression of water …

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Evidence That A Partner-Switching Regulatory System Modulates Hormogonium Motility In The Filamentous Cyanobacterium Nostoc Punctiforme, Kelsey Wynne Riley Jan 2018

Evidence That A Partner-Switching Regulatory System Modulates Hormogonium Motility In The Filamentous Cyanobacterium Nostoc Punctiforme, Kelsey Wynne Riley

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

Partner-switching regulatory systems (PSRSs) are utilized by many different bacteria to regulate a wide array of cellular responses, from stress response to expression of virulence factors. The filamentous cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme can transiently differentiate motile filaments, called hormogonia, in response to various changes in the environment. Hormogonia utilize a Type IV pilus (T4P) complex in conjunction with a secreted polysaccharide for gliding motility along solid surfaces. This study identified three genes, designated hmpU, hmpW, and hmpV, encoding the protein components of a PSRS involved in regulation of hormogonium motility in N. punctiforme. Although mutant strains with in-frame deletions in hmpU, …

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Should I Stay Or Should I Go? Complex Environments Drive The Developmental Plasticity Of Flight Capacity And Flight-Related Tradeoffs, Jordan R. Glass Jan 2018

Should I Stay Or Should I Go? Complex Environments Drive The Developmental Plasticity Of Flight Capacity And Flight-Related Tradeoffs, Jordan R. Glass

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

Animals must balance multiple, fitness-related traits in environments that are complex and characterized by co-varying factors, such as co-variation in temperature and food availability. Thus, experiments manipulating multiple environmental factors provide valuable insight into the role of the environment in shaping not only important traits (e.g., dispersal capacity or reproduction), but also trait-trait interactions (e.g., trade-offs between traits). We employed a multi-factorial design to manipulate variation in temperature (constant 28°C vs. 28±5°C daily cycle) and food availability (unlimited vs. intermittent access) throughout development in the sand field cricket, Gryllus firmus. We found that fitness-related, life-history traits and trait trade-offs can …

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