Life Sciences Commons^™

Ongoing Recovery Measurements In Kwinana Shelf Seagrass Meadow In Cockburn Sound 2.5 Years Post Impact Phase To Give Greater Confidence In Recovery Data And For Eia Monitoring, Nicole Said, Chanelle Webster, Simone Strydom, Kathryn Mcmahon

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Executive summary: Understanding the nature of interactions between multiple stressors is essential for assessing their cumulative impacts on seagrasses and for guiding effective management. Current dredging thresholds are based largely on single stressors (light reduction or sediment burial), despite pressures typically co-occurring, and these thresholds may therefore need refinement to account for interactive effects. In addition, recovery times under single and multiple pressures remain a major knowledge gap, further reducing our ability to accurately predict impacts and implement effective management. This need is particularly pressing in regions facing ongoing dredging pressure. Cockburn Sound, which has already lost ~75% of its …

Therapeutic Potential And Enhanced Bioactivity Of Ficus Carica (Fig) Fruit: Exploring Bioactive Compounds And Nano-Additive Synergies, Mst Sumya Yeasmin, Shamima Abdul Rahman, Waheedah Abdul Hakeem, Tarek Abedin, Mohammad Nur-E-Alam

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

The present investigation deals with the phytochemical, anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and Anti-constipation activities of Ficus carica (FC) fruit. The phytochemical analysis of FC fruit has revealed a rich array of bioactive compounds, highlighting the fruit's complex and diverse natural chemistry together with some secondary metabolites that contribute to its high antioxidant activity which was evident from 1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-Azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) and Ferric reducing power (FRAP) assays. Fruit extracts of FC demonstrated anticancer activity against MCF-7 breast cancer, U2OS osteosarcoma, HepG2 liver cancer, and Huh7it liver cancer cell lines. The anti-inflammatory activity of FC fruit is attributed to steroids …

Explaining The Association Between Kittlitz's Murrelets (Brachyramphus Brevirostris) And Tidewater Glaciers: Which Habitat Factors Influence Spatial Distribution?, Brendan Higgins

Marine Biology

The Kittlitz’s Murrelet (Brachyramphus brevirostris) is a rare and cryptic seabird species that inhabits Alaska and Eastern Siberia. Populations of Kittlitz’s Murrelets that occur in areas with tidewater glaciers are tightly associated with tidewater glaciers and are only found in close proximity to them. The Kittlitz’s Murrelet is a species of conservation concern, but specific habitat associations are poorly understood. I conducted a multidisciplinary investigation to better understand associations between Kittlitz’s Murrelets and tidewater fjord physical structure. I used remotely sensed spectral indices to model change in abundance of suitable nesting habitat, and a long-term oceanographic dataset to quantify changes …

Organic Matter Sources And The Seasonal And Spatial Trophic Dynamics In Arctic Lagoon Food Webs, Sydney Wilkinson

Marine Biology

The rapid loss of sea ice, warming waters, and increasing freshwater inputs are altering Arctic coastal lagoons, ecosystems that support diverse invertebrate communities, fishes, and subsistence harvests. To resolve how trophic interactions in these systems function under strong seasonal and spatial variability, I applied multiple biochemical tracers, specifically bulk δ13C and δ15N, compound-specific stable carbon isotopes of essential amino acids, and fatty acids to characterize organic matter sources and better understand the trophodynamics of benthic invertebrates and fishes in Beaufort Sea lagoons. I first established local biomarker baselines for terrestrial, microalgal, and macroalgal producers, showing that no single tracer could …

Large Scale Genome-Wide Association Analysis Identified Qtls Associated With Aluminum Tolerance In Chickpea, Yong Jia, Sharon Westcott, Karthika Pradeep, Lee A. Mcfawn, Jenifer Bussanich, Zibei Lin, Gaofeng Zhou, Hao Luo, Wendy Vance, Richard Bell, Darshan Sharma, Sukhjiwan Kaur, Rajeev K. Varshney, Chengdao Li

Grain and Other Field Crops Research Articles

Chickpea has become an increasingly popular healthy food worldwide. Aluminum (Al) toxicity is a major hurdle for chickpea cultivation and yield improvement in acidic soils. However, the genetic mechanism of Al-tolerance in chickpea remains poorly understood. Here, we performed a large-scale hydroponics screening and SNP chip array genotyping of 1154 diverse chickpea accessions. Root lengths after 6 days cultivation under hydroponics in control (T0: pH 4.2) and Al treatment (T1: pH4.2, 15/20 μM Al3+) were measured. Root tolerance index (RTI = T1/T0) ranking revealed significant variations in chickpea Al-tolerance, with common Australian chickpea cultivars positioned in the low to medium …

Bedstraw Eradication Program 2024-25: Annual Report To Grain Growers, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Biosecurity published reports

The Bedstraw Eradication Program operates under the Biosecurity and Agricultural Management Industry Funding Scheme (Grains) Regulations 2010.

Approved Plans developed annually for each infested property in consultation with the Grains, Seeds and Hay Industry Management Committee (GSHIMC), the Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development (DPIRD) and the landholders detail management actions, estimated costs and timeframes of agreed actions.

Genetic Variations In Extracellular Matrix Degradation Pathways Linking To Major Depressive Disorder: Evidence From A Large-Scale Genetic Association Study, Halliru Zailani, Daniel Tzu-Li Chen, Sheng-Che Lin, Jia-Hau Lee, Mei-Ling Li, Jane Pei-Chen Chang, Kuan-Pin Su

BioMedicine

Dysregulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation pathways has been increasingly implicated in major depressive disorder (MDD), yet its genetic basis remains unclear. This study investigated the relationship between ECM-related genetic polymorphisms and MDD susceptibility. In a case-control study, we analyzed 317 MDD patients and 1,268 sexmatched controls from the Taiwan Biobank (TWB). Genomic DNA was analyzed using the Affymetrix TWB array, targeting single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 140 ECM degradation genes (Reactome database). Full-model association tests identified significant SNPs, validated with 5,000 max(T) permutations and adjusted via logistic regression for age, body mass index, education level, and marital status. We …

Neuroprotection Of Paeoniflorin As Antidepressant Candidate, Yuh-Fung Chen, Yi-Jui Chen, Jai-Sing Yang, Min-Min Lee, Huei-Yann Tsai

BioMedicine

Background: Depression is one of the common mental disorders worldwide, and currently used antidepressants have undesirable effects; therefore, the development of new antidepressants without side effects is urgently needed. Paeoniflorin (PF) exhibits various pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective effects. NMDA receptors in the hippocampus play a vital role in the pathophysiology of depression. Due to the scarcity of reports on the neuroprotection of PF on NMDA-induced excitotoxicity in the hippocampus, the present study aims to investigate the effects of PF on NMDA-mediated EPSP and calcium influx in the hippocampus to evaluate the potential of PF as an antidepressant. …

Prophylactic Effect Of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Monotherapy In Preventing Recurrent Major Depressive Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial, Ikbal Andrian Malau, Cheng-Ho Chang, Wei-Jen Chen, Wen-Chun Liu, Halliru Zailani, Hsien-Feng Liao, Jane Pei-Chen Chang, Wei-Che Chiu, Kuan-Pin Su

BioMedicine

Background: Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) have demonstrated efficacy as adjunctive treatment for MDD. In fact, fewer studies assessed the prophylactic properties of n-3 PUFAs as monotherapy on the recurrence of MDD.

Aims: This study aimed to assess the prophylactic effect of n-3 PUFAs monotherapy against recurrent MDD.

Methods: We conducted a 6-month randomized controlled trial to assess the prophylactic effect of n-3 in preventing recurrent MDD. We assigned 60 remitted MDD patients to the n-3 group (n = 30) and placebo (n = 30). Furthermore, we assessed the difference in depression severity and MDD recurrence based on the …

Tai Chi For Cardiovascular Wellness: Integrating An Ancient Practice Into Modern Therapeutic Approaches, Chun-Han Cheng, Wen-Rui Hao, Huan-Yuan Chen, Po-Yuan Chen, Ju-Chi Liu, Tzu-Hurng Cheng

BioMedicine

Tai Chi, a traditional Chinese martial art characterized by gentle, fluid movements and deep breathing, has gained increasing recognition for its cardiovascular health benefits. This study investigated the integration of Tai Chi into contemporary cardiovascular health practices, focusing on its physiological and psychological effects. The slow, controlled movements characteristic of Tai Chi contribute to enhanced cardiovascular fitness, decreased blood pressure, and improved vascular function, while simultaneously alleviating stress and fostering emotional well-being. Through a review of clinical studies and trials, this study underscores the efficacy of Tai Chi in cardiovascular rehabilitation programs and its accessibility as a community-based intervention. Additionally, …

Circadian Rhythms And Neuroendocrine Dysregulation In Adhd: Therapeutic Insights From Omega-3 Fatty Acids, Ayesha Zafar Iqbal, Patricia Marest Suwindi, Sunny Yin-Shan Chen, Lindsay Liang-Tien Cho, Kuan-Pin Su, Jane Pei-Chen Chang

BioMedicine

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental condition often accompanied by circadian rhythm disturbances, particularly delayed sleep phase. These involve superchiasmatic nucleus (SCN) dysregulation, altered melatonin secretion, and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis activity, which may be exacerbated by artificial light exposure. Genetic studies further implicate circadian mechanisms, linking ADHD with polymorphisms in clock genes such as PER and CLOCK.

Nutraceuticals, particularly omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), have been proposed as modulators of circadian rhythms. N-3 PUFAs are essential for brain health and may influence melatonin synthesis and sleep–wake regulation. Preclinical and clinical findings suggest that supplementation can improve cognitive …

The Integrative Role Of Melatonin In Psychiatric Disorders: A Systematic Review Of Evidence From Circadian Biology, Lifestyle Medicine, And Psychoneuroimmunology, Ho Bao Chau Le, Kollawat Somsri, Thansita Bhunyakarnjanarat, Nattiya Hirankarn, Asada Leelahavanichkul

BioMedicine

Melatonin, a hormone produced by the pineal gland, is known for regulating circadian rhythms and has emerging therapeutic potential in psychiatric disorders. This systematic review examines evidence from clinical and preclinical studies to assess melatonin’s efficacy in the following conditions: depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. Beyond its role in circadian regulation, melatonin exhibits antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties, which intersect with nutrition, lifestyle medicine, and psychoneuroimmunology (PNI).

The review finds that melatonin improves sleep quality, restores circadian balance, and modulates stress-related neuroimmune pathways. It also supports neuroplasticity and reduces oxidative stress, contributing to resilience against psychosocial and environmental stressors. …

From Rhythm To Resilience: The Interplay Of Circadian Rhythm, Melatonin, Lifestyle, Nutrition In Psychoneuroimmunology (Pni), Jane Pei-Chen Chang, Kuan-Pin Su

BioMedicine

Emerging evidence reveals that circadian rhythm, melatonin signaling, nutrition, and inflammation are intricately intertwined in shaping both mental and physical health. Circadian disruptions and lifestyle imbalances contribute to neuroinflammation, mood dysregulation, and cardiometabolic dysfunction, as seen in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), major depressive disorder (MDD), metabolic syndrome,and cardiovascular diseases. This special issue highlights interdisciplinary research that integrates circadian biology, nutrition, and psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) toward personalized and preventive psychiatry. Featured studies explore circadian and melatonin mechanisms in ADHD and MDD, the therapeutic and prophylactic potential of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), the neuroprotective potentical of paeoniflorin, and the role of extracellular …

Climate And Non-Genetic Effects On Goat Milk Quality And Casein Prediction Using Machine Learning, Ibrahima Mahamane Abdourhamane, Dilek Arsoy

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Milk quality is becoming more and more crucial for farmers with the increasing use of component-based pricing systems in the sector. This study aimed to investigate the effects of climate-related and non-genetic factors on goat milk quality on the island of Northern Cyprus and to predict casein content using machine learning techniques. An analysis was performed on 21,695 goat milk samples collected between 2012 and 2018. Somatic cell count (SCC), standard plate count (SPC), and key milk components such as protein, casein, lactose, and fat were evaluated for different seasons, regions, farm sizes, and raw milk types. Five machine learning …

Stage- And Smoking-Associated Microrna Expression In Lung Adenocarcinoma, Min Huang, Yimin Ge, Huiqin Chen, Caimiao Wei, David Cogdell, Meng Chen, George A Calin, Ming Guo

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Altered expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) is implicated in lung carcinogenesis, but little research has investigated the association of miRNA alterations with lung cancer stage or smoking status. To identify such alterations in lung adenocarcinoma, we conducted miRNA profiling.

Methods: Lung adenocarcinoma specimens and paired nonneoplastic lung tissues from 58 patients who had received no preoperative therapy and underwent tumor resection from 1991 to 2006 were collected from tumor tissue banks. Thirty (52%) of the tumors were stage I and 28 (48%) stage II or higher. Twenty-five (43%) patients were nonsmokers and 33 (57%) were smokers. To identify miRNAs of …

The Environmental Integration - An Introduction To The Sustainability Of The Urban Heritage Of Nubia (Applied To Gharb Suhail), Ahmed Mohamed Said Elsaadany

Mansoura Engineering Journal

The Nubia region is an important historical and cultural place, as it is distinguished by a unique architectural heritage. The influence of the surrounding environment on the designs of buildings and structures in this region is evident. Traditional architecture arose spontaneously over long periods of time, but it was essentially based on correct scientific concepts. The architecture of Nubia in southern Egypt, which is located on the banks of the Nile River, was a mud architecture that used natural building materials from the environment influenced by Ancient Egyptian architecture, some influences from Islamic architecture represented in privacy and courtyard in …

Toward Resilience In Broadacre Agriculture: A Methodological Review Of Remote Sensing In Crop Productivity, Phenology, And Environmental Stress Detection, Jenny Shen, Hai Wang, Hasnein Tareque

Agriculture Research Articles

Highlights

What are the main findings?

• Remote sensing methodologies for crop performance monitoring were systematically reviewed across the themes of productivity, phenology, and environmental stress.
• Advances and challenges were identified within individual themes and in their integration toward holistic monitoring.

What are the implications of the main findings?

• Emerging integration approaches offer pathways beyond monitoring toward decision-support systems for broadacre agriculture.
• Future directions of advancing resilience-focused applications of remote sensing are proposed.

Abstract

Large-scale rainfed cropping systems (broadacre agriculture) face intensifying climate and resource stresses that undermine yield stability and farm livelihoods. Remote sensing (RS) offers critical tools for improving …

Benchmarking Dna Foundation Models For Genomic And Genetic Tasks, Haonan Feng, Lang Wu, Bingxin Zhao, Chad Huff, Jianjun Zhang, Jia Wu, Lifeng Lin, Peng Wei, Chong Wu

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

The rapid evolution of DNA foundation models promises to revolutionize genomics, yet comprehensive evaluations are lacking. Here, we present a comprehensive, unbiased benchmark of five models (DNABERT-2, Nucleotide Transformer V2, HyenaDNA, Caduceus-Ph, and GROVER) across diverse genomic and genetic tasks including sequence classification, gene expression prediction, variant effect quantification, and topologically associating domain (TAD) region recognition, using zero-shot embeddings. Our analysis reveals that mean token embedding consistently and significantly improves sequence classification performance, outperforming other pooling strategies. Model performance varies among tasks and datasets; while general purpose DNA foundation models showed competitive performance in pathogenic variant identification, they were less …

Emission Characterization And Health Risk Assessment Of Volatile Organic Compounds From Automotive Painting In Thailand, Vanitchaya Kultan, Sarawut Thepanondh, Jutarat Keawboonchu, Nattaporn Pinthong, Wissawa Malakan

Kesmas

The automotive industry is a significant source of volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions, particularly from solvent-based painting processes. This study evaluated VOC characteristics and distribution to assess associated health risks for workers and communities at varying distances from automotive painting facilities in Thailand, focusing on stacks and wastewater treatment plants that handle solvent-containing wastewater. The findings revealed aromatic compounds were predominant (66% of the total emissions), followed by oxygenated VOCs (26%). The stacks mainly emitted aromatics such as toluene and ethylbenzene, whereas the wastewater released oxygenated VOCs, particularly methyl isobutyl ketone and methyl ethyl ketone. The exposure concentrations in each …

Workplace Policy And Associated Factors Of Minimum Acceptable Diet Practices: An Online Survey Among Working Mothers In Indonesia, Fadhila Iswi Deandra, Judhiastuty Februhartanty, Muchtaruddin Mansyur

Kesmas

Working mothers in Indonesia may influence complementary feeding practices, particularly their ability to ensure that their infants properly meet the minimum acceptable diet (MAD). In this cross-sectional study, an online survey was distributed through various online platforms where participants were recruited using convenience sampling. The questionnaire covered sociodemographic factors, workplace policies, and infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices. Descriptive and logistic regression analyses were conducted. A total of 394 working mothers participated, of which over 90% of the respondents reported meeting minimum dietary diversity, minimum milk frequency, minimum milk feeding frequency, and MAD indicators as assessed with a standardized …

Blinder-Oaxaca Decomposition Analysis Of The Urban-Rural Gap In Child Nutrition In Bangladesh, Mahbub Hossain, Mohammad Jahangir Alam, Ismat Ara Begum, Huichin Sun, Andrew M. Mckenzie

Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness Faculty Publications and Presentations

Child undernutrition is a leading cause of death among young children worldwide. In Bangladesh, severe undernutrition is prevalent among nearly 25% of the under five children. Additionally, the prevalence of child undernutrition varies significantly between urban and rural areas in the country. This widespread prevalence of undernutrition and regional disparity raises concerns among Bangladeshi policymakers because childhood undernutrition can lead to irreversible consequences. Using the latest data from Bangladesh's Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS), this study examines factors contributing to the urban-rural gap in child nutrition. The Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition results suggest that nearly 78% of the observed difference in weight-for-age …

The Tamads2-Tatbl21 Module Enhances Wheat Resistance To Stripe Rust By Activating Tagkl-Mediated Immunity, Shijia Zhao, Hao Chu, Yanan Lu, Jiaqi Chen, Xu Wang, Guangxiang Tian, Mingjing Zhang, Pengyu Song, Yanhui Zhang, Guihua Bai, Gangming Zhan, Zhensheng Kang, Wenming Zheng, Zhengqing Fu, Na Liu

Faculty Publications

Wheat stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, Pst) poses a catastrophic threat to global food security. While MADS-box transcription factors regulate development and abiotic stress, their roles in plant-pathogen immunity remain enigmatic. In this study, we identified TaMADS2, a Pst-induced MADS-box gene, as a positive regulator of wheat resistance. Functional analyses demonstrated that TaMADS2 overexpression significantly enhanced Pst resistance, whereas its knockdown rendered wheat more susceptible. Further investigation revealed that TaMADS2 interacts with trichome birefringence-like protein 21 (TaTBL21) to activate glycerol kinase-like (TaGKL) expression. Silencing TaGKL in wild-type or TaMADS2-overexpressing lines …

Developmental Stage-Dependent Transcriptomic Responses To Neonatal Intraventricular Hemorrhage, Elizabeth Wallace-Anthony, Miriam Zamorano, Hemendra J Vekaria, Braden B Oldham, Kiara P Umpornpun, Stefano Berto

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Neonatal intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is a major complication of preterm birth, yet how developmental stage influences the brain's response to injury remains unclear. We performed single-nucleus RNA sequencing on rat brains 24 h after IVH at postnatal day 2 (PND2) or day 5 (PND5) to define transcriptional responses across cell types. We identified 42 distinct cell populations and found that PND5 brains exhibited a markedly stronger immune and inflammatory response to IVH, with a threefold increase in differentially expressed genes compared to PND2. Microglia were the most perturbed cell type at both stages, showing increased oxidative stress and polarization toward …

Benchmarking Dna Foundation Models For Genomic And Genetic Tasks, Haonan Feng, Lang Wu, Bingxin Zhao, Chad Huff, Jianjun Zhang, Lifeng Lin, Chong Wu

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The rapid evolution of DNA foundation models promises to revolutionize genomics, yet comprehensive evaluations are lacking. Here, we present a comprehensive, unbiased benchmark of five models (DNABERT-2, Nucleotide Transformer V2, HyenaDNA, Caduceus-Ph, and GROVER) across diverse genomic and genetic tasks including sequence classification, gene expression prediction, variant effect quantification, and topologically associating domain (TAD) region recognition, using zero-shot embeddings. Our analysis reveals that mean token embedding consistently and significantly improves sequence classification performance, outperforming other pooling strategies. Model performance varies among tasks and datasets; while general purpose DNA foundation models showed competitive performance in pathogenic variant identification, they were less …

Radiologist-Validated Automatic Lumbar T1-Weighted Spinal Mri Segmentation Tool Via An Attention U-Net Algorithm, Aryan Kalluvila, Ethan Wang, Michael C Hurley, Colbey Freeman, Jason M Johnson

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background/Objectives: Spinal MRI segmentation has become increasingly important with the prevalence of disc herniation and vertebral injuries. Artificial intelligence can help orthopedic surgeons and radiologists automate the process of segmentation. Currently, there are few tools for T1-weighted spinal MRI segmentation, with most focusing on T2-weighted imaging. This paper focuses on creating an automatic lumbar spinal MRI segmentation tool for T1-weighted images using deep learning.

Methods: An Attention U-Net was employed as the main algorithm because the architecture has shown success in other segmentation applications. Segmentation loss functions were compared, focusing on the difference between BCE and MSE loss. Two board-certified …

Red Midge Larvae Are An Invertebrate Alternative Diet To Beef Liver For Planarian Husbandry, Jonah Pacis , '25, Danielle Ireland, Evangeline Coffinas, Jerome Sheehan, Kate Sun , '27, Eva-Maria S. Collins

Biology Faculty Works

Freshwater planarians are an emerging model for toxicology and neuroscience because of their amenability to rapid behavioral screening and remarkable ability to regenerate a cephalized nervous system. As invertebrates, planarians can help reduce the use of vertebrates in research; however, laboratories typically maintain planarians on diets of homogenized organic beef or chicken liver, raising ethical concerns with feeding a vertebrate diet. Organic liver is difficult to obtain, and preparation methods vary, introducing intra- and interlaboratory variability. Here, we show that Dugesia japonica planarians can be maintained for over a year on commercially available red midge larvae (RML), a natural prey …

Met Overexpression Is Associated With Superior Immunotherapy Benefit In Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, Luisa M Solis Soto, Waree Rinsurongkawong, Bingnan Zhang, Haniel A Araujo, Yasir Y Elamin, Mehmet Altan, Claudio A Arrechedera, Jianling Zhou, Khaja B Khan, Wei Lu, Elliana Young, Carl M Gay, Tina Cascone, Lauren A Byers, Ferdinandos Skoulidis, George Blumenschein, Frank V Fossella, Anne Tsao, Marcelo V Negrao, Natalie Vokes, Jia Wu, Hai T Tran, Ignacio I Wistuba, J Jack Lee, Don L Gibbons, Ara A Vaporciyan, John V Heymach, Xiuning Le, Jianjun Zhang

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background/objectives: MET overexpression is common in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The correlation between MET overexpression and immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) efficacy in NSCLC is underexplored.

Methods: In this retrospective observational cohort study, we curated a dataset of 279 stage IV NSCLC patients who received ICI treatment and had MET expression assessed by CLIA-certified immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay. MET expression was graded on a scale from 0 to 3+, with overexpression defined as 2+ or 3+. Clinicopathological features associated with MET expression were assessed using logistic regression. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were evaluated via Kaplan-Meier analysis and the …

Improving Diagnostic Accuracy In Preoperative Glioma Classification: Performance Of Knowledge-Enhanced Large Language Models Compared With Radiologists, Wei Hu, Bing Wu, Xiaobo Zhou, Guotai Wang, Kang Li, Qiang Yue

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Accurate preoperative MRI classification of gliomas is essential but challenging due to complex radiological features and inter-observer variability. This study evaluated three large language models (LLMs) for VASARI-based glioma classification compared to radiologist interpretations. We retrospectively analyzed 150 histopathologically confirmed gliomas (43 circumscribed astrocytic, 53 high-grade diffuse, 54 low-grade diffuse gliomas) using standardized MRI protocols. Three radiologists extracted VASARI features, while three LLMs (GPT-4, Claude3.5-Sonnet, Claude3.0-Opus) analyzed these features using standard input-output or knowledge-enhanced prompting incorporating diagnostic guidelines. Knowledge-enhanced prompting consistently outperformed standard prompting, improving diagnostic consistency (intra-model agreement: Sonnet κ = 0.91, Opus κ = 0.92, GPT-4 κ = …

Transdisciplinary Perspectives On Ai: The Fourth Annual Conference Of The European Culture And Technology Laboratory, Connell Vaughan, Ioana Madalina Moldovan, Silivan Moldovan, Noel Fitzpatrick

Books/Book Chapters

The fourth annual conference of the ECT Lab+ was hosted by Technical University of Cluj-Napoca over two days in October 2024 at the Cluj Innovation Park. The conference brought together experts from the Arts, Humanities, Social Sciences, Technology, and other fields to discuss and reflect on the advent of Artificial Intelligence and how the associated technologies are transforming how we live, work and study. Under the title Transdisciplinary perspectives on AI: Alternative Histories, Current Practices and Possible Futures the conference moved beyond simplistic technophila and technophobia to consider whether we can co-evolve with these new technologies which combine machine learning …

A Phase 1/2 Study Of Ds-1594 Menin Inhibitor In Relapsed/Refractory Acute Leukemias, Jayastu Senapati, Marina Konopleva, Ghayas C Issa, Elias Jabbour, Tapan Kadia, Gautam Borthakur, Nicholas J Short, Musa Yilmaz, Indraneel Deshmukh, Joie Alvarez, Sanam Loghavi, Guilin Tang, Hussein A Abbas, Michael Andreeff, Kapil Bhalla, Narasimha M Midde, Nabil Said, Amy Noyalis, Derek E Mires, Jing Ning, Lianchun Xiao, Farhad Ravandi, Guillermo Garcia-Manero, Hagop M Kantarjian, Naval G Daver

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Several menin inhibitors are in development targeting menin dependent leukemias, however available preclinical results show variable level of activity. We report the phase 1 portion (to establish a recommended phase 2 dose [RP2D]) and pharmacokinetic analysis of a phase 1/2 first-in-human clinical trial of DS-1594b menin inhibitor. Eligible patients included adults (≥ 18 years of age) with relapsed/refractory (R/R) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) including but not restricted to those with KMT2A-rearrangement (r) or NPM1 mutation. Seventeen patients at a median of age 56 years (range, 19-82 years) were treated, 15 (88%) had R/R AML, and …