Life Sciences Commons^™

Linking Individual Behavior With Physiology To Understand Complex Life Histories, Doreen Cabrera

Theses and Dissertations

Life history strategies encompass a suite of co-evolved traits crucial for ensuring an individual's fitness, often evolving from trade-offs between traits competing for the same resources. Adult male crayfish in the Cambaridae family undergo seasonal morphological changes linked to reproductive status, a process called cyclic dimorphism. In this dissertation, we attempt to understand how cyclic dimorphism evolved in non-native northern crayfish (Faxonius virilis). First, in Chapter 1, we review empirical studies that have assessed animal personality across developmental periods. The results show that personality traits tend to be stable within life stages but not across developmental events. In Chapter 2, …

12.04.2023 Orsp Connect, Liz Williamson

ORED Newsletter

Week of December 4, 2023

Oregon State Rank Assessment For Gold Beach Pocket Gopher (Thomomys Mazama Helleri), Misty Nelson

Institute for Natural Resources Publications

Oregon state conservation status assessment for Gold Beach pocket gopher (Thomomys mazama helleri) using NatureServe methodology, 2023.

Oregon State Rank Assessment For Pistol River Pocket Gopher (Thomomys Bottae Detumidus), Misty Nelson

Institute for Natural Resources Publications

Oregon state conservation status assessment for Pistol River pocket gopher (Thomomys bottae detumidus) using NatureServe methodology, 2023.

Formate Supplementation Enhances Antitumor Cd8+ T-Cell Fitness And Efficacy Of Pd-1 Blockade, Jared H Rowe, Ilaria Elia, Osmaan Shahid, Emily F Gaudiano, Natalia E Sifnugel, Sheila Johnson, Amy G Reynolds, Megan E Fung, Shakchhi Joshi, Martin W Lafleur, Joon Seok Park, Kristen E Pauken, Joshua D Rabinowitz, Gordon J Freeman, Marcia C Haigis, Arlene H Sharpe

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

UNLABELLED: The tumor microenvironment (TME) restricts antitumor CD8+ T-cell function and immunotherapy responses. Cancer cells compromise the metabolic fitness of CD8+ T cells within the TME, but the mechanisms are largely unknown. Here we demonstrate that one-carbon (1C) metabolism is enhanced in T cells in an antigen-specific manner. Therapeutic supplementation of 1C metabolism using formate enhances CD8+ T-cell fitness and antitumor efficacy of PD-1 blockade in B16-OVA tumors. Formate supplementation drives transcriptional alterations in CD8+ T-cell metabolism and increases gene signatures for cellular proliferation and activation. Combined formate and anti-PD-1 therapy increases tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells, which are essential for …

Genetic Determinants Underlying The Progressive Phenotype Of Β-Lactam/Β-Lactamase Inhibitor Resistance In Escherichia Coli, William C Shropshire, Hatim Amiji, Jordan Bremer, Selvalakshmi Selvaraj Anand, Benjamin Strope, Pranoti Sahasrabhojane, Marc Gohel, Samuel Aitken, Sarah Spitznogle, Xiaowei Zhan, Jiwoong Kim, David E Greenberg, Samuel A Shelburne

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Currently, whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data have not shown strong concordance with Escherichia coli susceptibility profiles to the commonly used β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor (BL/BLI) combinations: ampicillin-sulbactam (SAM), amoxicillin-clavulanate (AMC), and piperacillin-tazobactam (TZP). Progressive resistance to these BL/BLIs in the absence of cephalosporin resistance, also known as extended-spectrum resistance to BL/BLI (ESRI), has been suggested to primarily result from increased copy numbers of bla TEM variants, which is not routinely assessed in WGS data. We sought to determine whether addition of gene amplification could improve genotype-phenotype associations through WGS analysis of 147 E. coli bacteremia isolates with increasing categories of BL/BLI non-susceptibility ranging …

Oncogenic Kras Drives Lipofibrogenesis To Promote Angiogenesis And Colon Cancer Progression, Wen-Hao Hsu, Kyle A Labella, Yiyun Lin, Ping Xu, Rumi Lee, Cheng-En Hsieh, Lei Yang, Ashley Zhou, Jonathan M Blecher, Chang-Jiun Wu, Kangyu Lin, Xiaoying Shang, Shan Jiang, Denise J Spring, Yan Xia, Peiwen Chen, John Paul Shen, Scott Kopetz, Ronald A Depinho

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Oncogenic KRAS (KRAS*) contributes to many cancer hallmarks. In colorectal cancer, KRAS* suppresses antitumor immunity to promote tumor invasion and metastasis. Here, we uncovered that KRAS* transforms the phenotype of carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAF) into lipid-laden CAFs, promoting angiogenesis and tumor progression. Mechanistically, KRAS* activates the transcription factor CP2 (TFCP2) that upregulates the expression of the proadipogenic factors BMP4 and WNT5B, triggering the transformation of CAFs into lipid-rich CAFs. These lipid-rich CAFs, in turn, produce VEGFA to spur angiogenesis. In KRAS*-driven colorectal cancer mouse models, genetic or pharmacologic neutralization of TFCP2 reduced lipid-rich CAFs, lessened tumor angiogenesis, and improved overall survival. …

The Dose-Response Effect Of Aerobic Exercise On Inflammation In Colon Cancer Survivors, Justin C. Brown, Stephanie L.E. Compton, Jeffrey A. Meyerhardt, Guillaume Spielmann, Shengping Yang

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Background; Physical activity after surgical resection for colon cancer is associated with significantly longer disease-free survival. Inflammation is hypothesized to mediate the association between physical activity and disease-free survival in colon cancer. Methods; In this exploratory analysis of a randomized dose-response trial, 39 colon cancer survivors who completed standard therapy were stratified by cancer stage and randomized in a 1;1;1 ratio to one of three treatment groups for 24 weeks of usual-care control, 150 min/wk of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise (low-dose), or 300 min/wk of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise (high-dose). Inflammation outcomes included high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL6), and soluble tumor …

Analyzing The Shark Paleoecology Of Coastal Georgia From The Miocene And Pliocene Epochs, Joshua Lee Clark, Benjamin Angalet

Georgia Journal of Science

The field of shark paleoecology often yields indecisive conclusions based on the limited fossilization of their anatomical structures, with the exception of their teeth. The majority of the Atlantic coast has been studied regarding the presence of certain prehistoric shark species from the Miocene, Pliocene, and Pleistocene epochs. However, information pertaining to the Georgia coast and understanding its potential community structure is relatively understudied. This study was conducted in which thousands of fossil shark specimens and subsequent marine fauna were collected from dredge spoils created by the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE): Savannah District. A total of 5,127 fossil …

Volatiles And Interspecific Competition, Stephen T. Trumbo

EEB Articles

No abstract provided.

On Some Teratological Scorpions In The Natural History Museum, London And Checklist Of The Scorpiological Literature On Morphological Anomalies (Arachnida: Scorpiones), Danniella Sherwood, Luis F. De Armas

Euscorpius

Whilst undertaking curation in the collections of the Natural History Museum, London, the senior author came across a jar of scorpions marked ‘scorpions with curled feet’. Further investigation showed this jar was full of scorpions with teratological anatomy. We hereby document and illustrate all of the specimens and discuss their respective anomalies. Furthermore, a comprehensive checklist of the literature on anomalies in scorpions, including giving the life stage and sex where known, is compiled for the benefit of future workers.

Smokejumper Obituary: Graves, Thomas Harry "Tom" (North Cascades 1949), National Smokejumper Association

Smokejumper Obituaries

No abstract provided.

Silla De Ruedas Para La Práctica Del Rugby, Diana Yaquelin Barrero Malagón, Jonathan Steven Vargas Cañón

Documentos de Trabajo CTeI

El rugby en silla de ruedas, como una opción de promoción de la actividad física para personas con discapacidades físicas, se convierte en un área de investigación de gran interés. Esta disciplina se aborda desde una perspectiva de salud, alentando la prevención de comorbilidades en esta población. Simultáneamente, se considera un enfoque deportivo que requiere estrategias para mejorar el desempeño atlético de los participantes.

En este contexto, esta propuesta se basa en un objetivo a corto plazo, que implica caracterizar el estado inicial de salud y realizar un análisis biomecánico del rendimiento deportivo en esta población. Luego, a largo plazo, …

Combined Purebred And Crossbred Genetic Evaluation Of Columbia, Suffolk, And Crossbred Lamb Birth And Weaning Weights: Systematic Effects And Heterogeneous Variances, Napoleón Vargas Jurado, David R. Notter, Joshua B. Taylor, Daniel J. Brown, Michelle R. Mousel, Ronald M. Lewis

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Despite the benefits of crossbreeding on animal performance, genetic evaluation of sheep in the U.S. does not directly incorporate records from crossbred lambs. Crossbred animals may be raised in different environments as compared to purebreds. Systemic factors such as age of dam and birth and rearing type may, therefore, affect purebred and crossbred performance differently. Furthermore, crossbred performance may benefit from heterozygosity, and genetic and environmental variances may be heterogeneous in different breeds and their crosses. Such issues must be accounted for in a combined (purebred and crossbred) genetic evaluation. The objectives of this study were to i) determine the …

Techniques In Multi-Omics Data Integration To Develop A Novel Proteogenomics Framework For Identification Of Proteoforms, Kanishka Manna

Theses and Dissertations

Multi-omics experimental approaches are becoming a mainstream practice in systems biology underlining the need to design new integrative techniques and applications to enable the multi-scale characterization of different types of diseases for targeted therapy. Proteogenomics, a sub-field within the broad field of multi-omics incorporates techniques to integrate genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics data for efficient identification of novel proteoforms or protein isoforms. There are multitude of challenges when applying proteogenomics analyses, such as improper integration of each omics data type, missing structural annotations, inefficient identification of splice-junctions, novel genes, etc. This dissertation will outline a novel and integrative proteogenomics pipeline that …

Isolation And Characterization Of Nut Shell Proteins From Arachis Hypogea Linn. And Cocos Nucifera Linn. And Its Effect On Macrophage Activation To Treat Visceral Leishmaniasis, Suhatha S

Theses and Dissertations

Glycoproteins are among several immunomodulatory agents known to activate the innate immune system. Plant derived glycoproteins are a generous source of glycoproteins that could be utilized as cost effective preparations for therapeutics. Isolating glycoproteins from agricultural by- products with the intention to use them against Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) was the focus in this doctoral study. The two nut shells, Arachis hypogea L. (Groundnut) and Cocos nucifera L. (Coconut), were used for the isolation of glycoprotein used in the study. Crude glycoproteins from the A. hypogea L. (AHP-C) were isolated and fractioned. AHP-F2 was identified as 28.37 kDa Mannose/Glucose binding lectin …

Managing Soil Ph For Crop Production In Calcareous-Alkaline Soil, Cody Zesiger, Jody Gale, Matt Yost, Grant Cardon

All Current Publications

In semiarid soils of the Western U.S., altering soil pH is not easily accomplished nor straightforward. Utah’s soil pH range can be 1,000 times more acidic or alkaline than neutral (7.0) pH soils. In semiarid regions, typical high-pH soils are also calcareous, meaning there is a large amount of solid calcium carbonate (lime) in the soil. When soil-acidifying amendments are added to these soils, the lime dissolves and counteracts any of the applied soil-acidifying amendments. This fact sheet explains how to identify whether crop symptoms are related to soil pH, how to perform an in-field test for soil pH buffering …

Engineering Exosomes To Specifically Target The Mitochondria Of Brain Cells, Xin Yan, Xinqian Chen, Zhiying Shan, Lanrong Bi

Michigan Tech Publications

Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with various health conditions, including cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Mitochondrial-targeting therapy aims to restore or enhance mitochondrial function to treat or alleviate these conditions. Exosomes, small vesicles that cells secrete, containing a variety of biomolecules, are critical in cell-to-cell communication and have been studied as potential therapeutic agents. Exosome-based therapy has the potential to treat both cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Combining these two approaches involves using exosomes as carriers to transport mitochondrial-targeting agents to dysfunctional or damaged mitochondria within target cells. This article presents a new technique for engineering brain-derived exosomes that target mitochondria and has …

Investigating Telomere Lengths In Chestnut-Crowned Babblers, Gabriella Rose Beberg

Honors Thesis

Telomeres are chromosomal elements that protect and maintain genes as DNA replicates in many organisms. As individuals age and DNA replicates, telomeres often shorten; thus, telomere length often corresponds with an individual’s lifespan, and early-life decreases in telomere length can be predictive of longevity. Here, I investigated the relationship between telomere length and developmental environment in a cooperatively breeding species, the chestnut-crowned babbler (Pomatostomus ruficeps; CCB). Cooperative species are unique, as some individuals give up their own breeding opportunities to help rear the offspring of others; further, cooperative breeding systems generate considerably more variation in adult carers, which …

12.11.2023 Orsp Connect, Liz Williamson

ORED Newsletter

December 11, 2023 Newsletter

Oregon State Ranking Assessment For Morrison Bumblebee (Bombus Morrisoni), Misty Nelson

Institute for Natural Resources Publications

Oregon state conservation status assessment for Morrison bumblebee (Bombus morrisoni) using NatureServe methodology, 2023.

Oregon State Rank Assessment For Yellow Bumblebee (Bombus Fervidus), Misty Nelson

Institute for Natural Resources Publications

Oregon state conservation status assessment for Yellow bumblebee (Bombus fervidus) using NatureServe methodology, 2023.

Oregon State Rank Assessment For Columbia Gorge Oregonian (Cryptomastix Hendersoni), Misty Nelson, Eleanor P. Gaines

Institute for Natural Resources Publications

Oregon state conservation status assessment for Columbia Gorge oregonian (Cryptomastix hendersoni) using NatureServe methodology, 2023.

Oregon State Rank Assessment For Suckley's Cuckoo Bumblebee (Bombus Suckleyi), Eleanor P. Gaines, Misty Nelson

Institute for Natural Resources Publications

Oregon state conservation status assessment for Suckley's cuckoo bumblebee (Bombus suckleyi) using NatureServe methodology, 2023.

Oregon State Rank Assessment For Yellow Bumblebee (Bombus Fervidus), Eleanor P. Gaines, Misty Nelson

Institute for Natural Resources Publications

Oregon state conservation status assessment for yellow bumblebee (Bombus fervidus) using NatureServe methodology, 2023.

Acid Attack: How Escherichia Coli Strains Resist Acid Stress, Lindsey Miller

Honors Theses

The systems used by Escherichia coli to combat heightened levels of acidity within their environment are varied and complex. Four distinct systems used by E. coli to resist acid-induced stress were identified in 2004 by Foster (1), though six now are known today. These systems include the glucose-repressed, glutamate-dependent, arginine-dependent, lysine-dependent, ornithine-dependent, and serine-dependent acid resistance systems. Each system is also known by its corresponding abbreviation, AR1-AR6. What is known about each system varies due to identification date, complexity of the pathway, and amount of research completed. Within this paper, each system will be identified and the pathway defined, combining …

Liquid Organic Matter From Banana Peel Improves Morpho-Physiological Traits Of Coffee Seedlings, Mochamad Arief Soleh, Inaz Nuzul Zalfa, Mira Ariyanti

Jurnal Kultivasi

Due to its economic advantage, the Robusta coffee clones BP 308 and BP 939 are widely grown. Many factors affect coffee growth during the cultivation practice, especially in the availability of adequate nutrients at the nursery stages. Apart from inorganic fertilizer application, organic matter needs to be applied in the nursery stages to support plant growth, such as applying liquid organic matter (LOM) derived from banana peel waste. This study was conducted to find out how the LOM of banana peels affected the morphological and physiological responses of BP 308 and BP 939 clone Robusta coffee seedlings and what proper …

Response Differences Of Two Maize Hybrid Varieties To The Application Of Bioagent-Ameliorant And Chicken Manure In Fertile Soil, Endang Kantikowati, Karya, Yudi Yusdian, Dian Murti Minangsih, Tien Turmuktini, Erna Yuliani, Fija Faujiah

Jurnal Kultivasi

To ensure adequate nutrition for the growth of maize (Zea mays L.) in sustainable agriculture, it is necessary to apply bio-agent soil conditioner and manure. This study aims to determine the effect of doses of bioagent-ameliorant and chicken manure on growth and yield components. The research was conducted in highland with an altitude 800 m above sea level. This study used an experimental method with two sets of experiments, namely experiments using one and two-cobs maize cultivars. The experiment used a randomized block design (RBD) with two treatment factors and three replications. The first treatment factor was the dose of …

Morphophysiological Characteristics Of Upland Rice Plants With Organic Approach Through Reduced Npk Fertilizer And Wood Vinegar Application, Yugi Rahayu Ahadiyat, Ahmad Fauzi

Jurnal Kultivasi

Unefficient use of synthetic fertilizer in upland rice production leads to the low productivity and tends to harm the environtment. An organic approach by using wood vinegar is promising to improve the fertilizer efficiency. The objective of this study was to determine the response of upland rice with the application of different wood vinegar and synthetic fertilizer N-P-K rates on morpho-physiological characters. A split plot design with the main plot of N-P-K fertilizer and a subplot of wood vinegar was applied with three replications. Growth and physiological character were observed. The data were analyzed by the F test, then proceed …

Establishing A Novel Lipid-Polyamine Metabolic Connection To Virus Replication, Yazmin Edith Cruz Pulido

Dissertations

Polyamines are small positively charged alkylamines found in all living cells. These ubiquitous molecules have been found to play a variety of roles ranging from stabilizing nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) to cellular proliferation. Studies have also identified roles for polyamines in viral packaging and viral enzyme function. However, the role of polyamines on cellular components and their effect on viral replication is less known. In our efforts to identify the lipid-polyamine metabolic connection to virus replication we utilized a human hepatocyte cell line in which polyamines were depleted via pharmacological or genetic approaches and studied the effects on lipid …