Life Sciences Commons^™

Deforestation For Pasture Development – Has It Been Worth It?, W. H. Burrows

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Differing scenarios leading to deforestation for pasture development in savanna (woodland) and closed forest communities in the tropics – sub-tropics are compared and contrasted. Australian and Brazilian examples are highlighted. No simple answer is given to the question of whether deforestation for pasture development has been worth it, since both commercial and non-commercial values have equal validity and need to be taken into account. These issues are addressed in the context of land assigned by governments for agricultural purposes. It is concluded that technology and ecological understanding are now available to maintain sustainable production from converted forest systems. However emphasis …

Determining Pasture Biodiversity With Nirs, K. J. Moore, D. J. Barker

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Research was conducted to assess the potential of using near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) to determine botanical composition and measures of species diversity in pasture samples. Samples were collected from six hill country (Ballantrae) and two lowland (Aorangi) pastures in New Zealand. Samples were collected in summer (March) and Autumn (May) and subsamples were dissected to determine botanical composition and species diversity. Measures of diversity included species richness, Shannon’s index, and Simpson’s index. Reflectance data were collected from a second subsample that had been dried and finely ground. Calibrations were developed using modified partial least squares. Acceptable calibration equations were …

Integration Of Cattle And Improved Pastures Under Coconuts In Southern Luzon, Philippines, F. A. Moog, H. E. Diesta, A. G. Deocareza

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Results of two studies involving 1) grazing of Signalgrass (Brachiaria decumbens) pastures at different stocking and 2) cut-and-carry forages in smallholder farms for cattle under coconuts are presented. Grazing at 3 AU/ha and 2 AU/ha gave significantly higher LWG/ha (P 0.05) over 1 AU/ha but highest financial return was obtained from 2 AU/ha. Productivity of cattle on cut-and-carry forages in small farms varies among farmers with better animal performance directly related to quantity and quality of feeds offered and industriousness of individual farmers. Both studies showed the benefits derived from integration of cattle with improved pastures under coconuts.

Forage News [2021-12], Department Of Plant And Soil Sciences, University Of Kentucky

Forage News

No abstract provided.

Feeding Of Conserved Forage - Implications To Grassland Management And Production, C. W. Holmes, P. N. P. Matthews

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

This review will focus on the use of conserved forages in pastoral dairy farm systems; especially on their conservation as an aid to good grazing management during periods of rapid pasture growth, and on their consumption as an aid to good feeding management and grazing management during periods of slow pasture growth. Conservation of pasture, in order to move it from one time to another later time, always involves “costs”, either financial expenditure or physical losses (of dry matter/quality) or both, which must be evaluated in the whole system.

Most of the data is drawn from New Zealand and Australia, …

Supplementation Of Lactating Cows Grazing Stargrass (Cynodon Nlenfuensis Var. Nlenfuensis) With Conjugated Linoleic Acid: Effects On Persistency And Estimated Net Energy Balance, S. R. Medeiros, D. E. Oliveira, L. J. M. Aroeira, M. Mcguire, D. P. D. Lanna

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Thirty crossbread cows grazed stargrass (Cynodon nlenfuensis var. nlenfuensis) receiving 4kg/d of a supplement formulated to provide 115% of metabolizable protein requirements from the 4^th to the 11^th week of lactation. The cows received either 150g/head/day of Megalac (Control) or 150g/head/day of a Ca-protected conjugated linoleic acid (CLA, Church & Dwight). Residual effects of treatment were evaluated in weeks 12^th and 13^th. Milk production increased in CLA treated cows (P< 0.05). CLA decreased milk fat content (P< 0.0001) and yield (P< 0.01). Protected CLA increased protein content (P< 0.01) and yield (P< 0.01). The CLA residual effect on milk fat ends within one week after withdrawal but the benefits on milk yield and total solids production continued, due to the increased persistency. The estimated energy balance and intake were not greatly affected by treatment, as treated cows had higher milk volume and had higher protein productions.

Urine Calcium But Not Plasma Calcium Or Urine Hydroxyproline Is Increased By A Systemic Acidosis In The Dairy Cow, J. R. Roche, Dawn E. Dalley, F. O’Mara, E. S. Kolver

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Eight non-lactating, pregnant Holstein-Friesian cows were allocated to two treatments and individually offered diets differing in dietary cation-anion difference. Decreasing the dietary cation-anion difference reduced the urine pH within hours of anionic salt supplementation. Plasma calcium concentration was unaffected by dietary cation-anion difference but urine calcium concentration was significantly increased within 10 days of including anionic salts in the diet. Faecal calcium concentration was significantly reduced, indicating increased calcium absorption. Dietary calcium concentration or dietary cationanion difference did not significantly affect urinary hydroxyproline.

Dry Matter Intake Of Periparturient Cows On A Fresh Pasture/Pasture-Hay Diet, J. R. Roche, Dawn E. Dalley, F. O’Mara, E. S. Kolver

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Reports of the depression in dry matter intake in the periparturient period have been inconsistent and little dry matter intake data is available for an all-forage diet prior to calving. Data to examine intake depression prior to calving was obtained from two experiments. In experiment 1, sixteen non-lactating, periparturient cows ate 1.3% of pre-calving body weight of grass-hay and freshly cut grass for two weeks pre-calving (restricted). Experiment 2 comprised thiry-six cows that ate 1.6% of pre-calving body weight of grass-hay and freshly cut grass for the final two weeks of pregnancy (ad libitum). Individual dry matter intakes …

"Estimation Of The Primary Net Production Above Ground Through Remote Sensing In A Pastoral System Of The Colombian Altillanura.", R. A. Díaz, M. Álvarez, O. Pérez, J. Bernal, M. Arango

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

The primary net production above ground (ANPP) represents the main forage resource that supports the bovine production systems and its valuation is essential to help in the decision making on the management of the pastures. The ANPP has been estimated by periodic biomass courtesy, but with the use of the remote sensor integrated into the efficiency model formulated by Monteih (1972), it has been possible to estimate this biophysical parameter more efficiently at different scales and at low cost. The objective of this study was to estimate the PPNA based on a model of efficiency in the use of light …

Germinable Soil Seed Bank Of Bothriochloa Macra Dominated Pasture In South-Eastern Australia, M. L. Mitchell, J. M. Virgona, A. Durling, F. W. Dempsey

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

In native pastures, soil seed banks play an important role in conserving the genetic material in a plant population, influencing community structure and providing protection against adverse climatic conditions. One important native grass is Bothrichloa macra (Steud.) S.T.Blake (Red grass, Red-leg grass). This grass is a C₄ indigenous perennial grass that is commonly found in native pastures in the high rainfall zone of south-eastern Australia.

At Tarrawingee, NE Victoria, (36°25´S, 146°31´E) and Wymah, southern NSW, (35°58´S, 147°11´E), Australia, two sites that had Bothriochloa macra as the dominant native grass were sampled. Three hundred cores (50 mm diameter and 50 …

Spatial And Time Distribution Of Dairy Cattle Manure In An Intensive Pasture System, S. L. White, S. P. Washburn, L. D. King, R. E. Sheffield, J. T. Green Jr.

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

This study determined distribution of feces and urine from dairy cattle managed in a rotationally grazed pasture. Lactating Holsteins (n=18) and Jerseys (n=18) were grazed on a .74 ha endophyte-free fescue (Festuca arundinacea)/white clover (Trifolium repens) pasture. All cows were constantly observed for 24 h 6 times over 12 mo. Cows had access to about 54% of the paddock during the first grazing period (12 h) and had access to the entire paddock during the second grazing period (8 h). Data included: (1) all feces and urine events from eight cows, observed while in the pasture, …

Contribution Of Dairy Cow Manure To Soil Fertility And Nutrient Redistribution In Pastures, S. R. Aarons, C. R. O'Connor, M. Hall, C. J. P. Gourley

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

The effects of dairy cow manure on soil fertility were investigated at the site of the long-term phosphorus rate by stocking rate farmlet experiment at the Dairy Research Institute, Ellinbank, in Victoria. Manure increased extractable soil P (Olsen) in the 0 - 5 cm layer after 60 days to 61 mg/kg compared with values of 32 mg/kg in the control soils. Extractable soil K (Colwell) almost doubled under manure pads to 5 cm depth from 642 mg/kg in control soils to 1226 mg/kg in manure treated soils. The effects of grazing management on nutrient redistribution and pasture growth within strip-grazed …

Apparent Recovery Of Surface Applied Nitrogen Fertilizer By A Coastcross Pasture, A. C. Primavesi, O. Primavesi, L. A. Corrêa, H. Cantarella, A. G. Silva

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Nitrogen recoveries from five levels of urea and ammonium nitrate surface-applied on coastcross pasture, grown on a dark red latosol (Hapludox), in São Carlos, SP, Brazil, under tropical altitude climate, were estimated. Significant differences occurred within periods (P < 0.05), depending on climatic conditions. Under adequate plant growth conditions, mean N recovery from urea was about 67%, sometimes reaching 80%, of that from ammonium nitrate. Recovery of ammonium nitrate varied from 45 to 68% of applied N.

Effect Of Soil Ph On Emergence And Survival Of Austrodanthonia Spp., M. A. Islam, P. M. Dowling, B. C. Jacobs, P. J. Milham, D. L. Garden, M. K. Conyers, R. Van De Ven

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

We evaluated the effects of soil acidity on seedling emergence and seedling persistence of several ecotypes of Austrodanthonia spp. collected from the Central, Southern and Monaro Tablelands of New South Wales (NSW) in southern temperate Australia. A pot experiment was conducted outdoors to identify the most promising material tolerant to soil acidity for domestication. In the experiment, 183 ecotypes and two commercial cultivars of Austrodanthonia were grown in pots at three levels of pH_Ca (3.9, 4.4 and 5.3). The pH treatments were achieved by adding either aluminium sulphate or lime to an acid earthy sandy loam soil collected from …

Soil Nitrate Level Variation Under Intensive Nitrogen Fertilized Coastcross Pasture, O. Primavesi, A. C. Primavesi, L. A. Corrêa, H. Cantarella, A. G. Silva

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Nitrate levels in soil profile after the first N application on coastcross pasture, grown on a dark red latosol (Hapludox), in São Carlos, SP, Brazil, under tropical altitude climate, were measured at 7-day intervals, to monitor possible losses in depth. Soil nitrate rates varied with high rates of N-ammonium nitrate (200 kg ha^-1 per cutting) in surface layers. Danger of environmental impact was low in the studied conditions.

Soil Carbon And Nitrogen Dynamics After Pasture Installation In The Amazon Region, C. C. Cerri, M. Bernoux, C. E. P. Cerri

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

The objective of this paper is to present the soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) dynamics in a chronosequence made of a forest and pastures of different ages established in a Oxisol in the Western Brazilian Amazon Basin. The results of soil Carbon and Nitrogen stocks and gases fluxes were discussed. Stable ¹³C isotopic technique was used to calculate for a determinate age of pasture installation, the proportion of soil C remaining from the forest system and the proportion of soil C introduced by the grasses of the pasture system. The C lost from the original pool under the …

Pasture Seed Production Technology In Brazil, Ronaldo Pereira De Andrade

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Efficient and low cost production systems, which rely on the use of cultivated pastures, are the basis of beef and milk production in Brazil. The success of these pasture-based systems would not be possible without the support of an aggressive and dynamic pasture seed production sector to supply the internal demand, which is estimated to be around 90000 tons per year. The market is dominated by grass species and among them, Brachiaria. brizantha cv. Marandu accounts for more than 80% of the total seed volume in the market. Seed production systems in Brazil vary from highly specialized to opportunistic accordingly …

Dry Matter Production Response Of Coastcross (Cynodon Dactylon (L.) Pears) To Sources And Rates Of Nitrogen, L. De A. Corrêa, H. Cantarella, A. C. Primavesi, O. Primavesi, A. R. Freitas, A. G. Da Silva, E. B. Pott

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Dry matter production of a coastcross pasture grown on a dark red latosol (Hapludox), in São Carlos, São Paulo State, Brazil, under tropical altitude climate, was evaluated. The goal was to verify the efficiency of N rates as urea and ammonium nitrate: 0, 25, 50, 100 and 200 kg ha^-1 per cutting, in five periods. Both sources were equally efficient. The mean N rates, which produced 80% of maximum forage yield, were 78 and 58 kg N ha^-1, respectively, for urea and ammonium nitrate, and were related to dry matter yields of 2,769 and 3,347 kg ha …

Ammonia Losses By Volatilization From Coastcross Pasture Fertilized With Two Nitrogen Sources, H. Cantarella, L. De A. Corrêa, A. C. Primavesi, O. Primavesi, A. R. De Freitas, A. G. Da Silva

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Ammonia losses by volatilization from five rates of urea or ammonium nitrate surfaceapplied to coastcross pasture, grown on a dark red latosol (Hapludox) in São Carlos, SP, Brazil, under tropical altitude climate, were measured. Volatilized ammonia was absorbed in traps placed on soil surface. The mean losses from urea applied after five successive cuttings of the grass were 15, 24, 34, and 40% for N rates of 25, 50, 100 and 200 kg N ha-1 per cutting, respectively.

Screening Brachiaria Introductions For Resistance To Spittlebugs (Homoptera: Cercopidae), José R. Valério, Cacilda Borges Do Valle, A. P. De Souza, M. C. M. Oliveira

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Spittlebugs are the most evident and damaging pests of Signal grasses (Brachiaria) in tropical America. Damage caused by these insects can result in the complete loss of available forage, thereby reducing the carrying capacity of infested pastures. Host plant resistance is a low-cost method of controlling insects. High level of spittlebug resistance is found in the cultivar Marandu (B. brizantha), but it requires more fertile soils. Brachiaria germplasm provided by the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) is available at National Beef Cattle Research Center of the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa Beef Cattle) and it …

Effect Of Forage Management Strategies And Land Use Change On Nitrogen Budget And Soil Health Parameters In Pasture Systems, Yili Meng

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Pastures produce hay for livestock, and they conserve soil, water, and air resources. However, high nitrogen (N) fertilizer demands in pasture production have significant implication on greenhouse gas emission and environmental pollution. Appropriate forage management strategies can reduce environmental N loss and improve soil health, to enhance the long-term pasture productivity. Therefore, this study was carried out to investigate the effects of management strategies on N budgets and soil health parameters in subtropical pastures. Both field and laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of N stabilizers including urease inhibitor and nitrification inhibitor on pasture yield, greenhouse gas emission, …

Establishment Of Pollinator Habitat Within A Livestock Pasture Ecosystem, Roshani Sharma Acharya

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Pollinators are important for fertilization, setting fruits, and seed development of more than 78% of the flowering plants that provide food for human beings and other species. Use of pollinators to maximize crop production is a proven agricultural practice; however, it has been less explored in livestock forage production systems. This study investigated pollinator abundance and diversity in pastures using different sampling methods and determined the impact of different pasture management practices on insect pollinators in a livestock pasture ecosystem. In Chapter 2, utility of four different colors of pan trap (blue, green, yellow, and purple) for sampling bees in …

Quantifying The Leaching Of Nutrients And Metals In A Pasture Soil As Affected By Excreta Of Ruminants Fed Alternative Diets, Ian Kennedy

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The leaching of nitrate through the soil profile and into adjacent water systems has been a leading cause of water pollution and results in the loss of a valuable nutrient from animal production systems. Forage-based animal production systems may be improved through manipulation of animal diets that incorporate tannins and total polyphenolic compounds with feed, increasing the amount of nitrogen (N) retained by an animal/decreasing rates of digestion and altering the N-containing compounds that are excreted and deposited onto soil. Incorporating the forage legumes sericea lespedeza (Lespedeza cuneate [Dumont de Courset] G. Don) and lablab (Lablab purpurues L.) into the …

Panicum Maximum Seeds From Sugarcane Plantations Improves Household Incomes In Uganda, P. Lusembo, C. Ebong

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

No abstract provided.

Companion Crops For Pasture Establishment In The State Of Minas Gerais, Brazil, I. F. Andrade, P. Schmidt

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

No abstract provided.

Simulating Options For Managing Seasonal And Annual Variations In Feed Supply Of Mixed Crop/Livestock Systems In Sub‐Tropical Australia, Lindsay W. Bell

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

No abstract provided.

Effect Of The Pasture On Milk Production From Cinisara Cows Over The Seasons, M. Alabiso, C. Giosuè, M. L. Alicata, V. Ilardi, D. Giambalvo, G. Maniaci

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

No abstract provided.

Evaluation Of Implants, Clover, And Fescue Variety On Stocker Steers, Z. T. Buessing, J. K. Farney

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Sixty-four growing steers were used in a split-plot experiment, where the whole plot was pasture, and the split-plot was implants. Whole plot treatment was a 4 × 2 facto­rial with four levels of fescue (High Endophyte, Low Endophyte, Novel, or Endophyte Free) and two levels of legume (Legumes or No Legumes). The split-plot included four implant levels (No Implant, Synovex One Grass, Revalor-G, Ralgro). Data collected were weights, hair coat scores, hair length, rectal temperature (every 28 days), and ultrasound carcass characteristics coming off grass. Steers on High Endophyte had the lowest average daily gain (ADG), longest hair, and highest …

Bermudagrass Fertility Trial In Southeast Kansas, 2020, D. Helwig, M. Haywood, J. K. Farney, B. C. Pedreira, G. F. Sassenrath

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

In 2020 a bermudagrass fertility study was conducted at the K-State Research and Ex­tension experiment station outside of Columbus, KS. The purpose of the study was to simulate forage producer practices of managing bermudagrass and determine how each practice affects forage production and quality. Addition of fertilizer, and mowing were tested to determine the impact on forage biomass production and quality. Fertilizer increased both biomass production and forage quality. However, greater improvements in forage quality were observed by mowing the bermudagrass.

Impact Of Fertility And Mowing On Crabgrass Quantity And Quality For Hay Production In Southeast Kansas, D. Helwig, M. Haywood, J. K. Farney, B. C. Pedreira, G. F. Sassenrath

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A crabgrass variety trial comparing Quick-N-Big and MoJo crabgrasses was conducted during the summer of 2020 at the K-State Research and Extension experiment station near Columbus, Kansas. The trial evaluated quantity and quality of forage produced under different nitrogen fertility scenarios and mowing management techniques. MoJo produced more biomass than Quick-N-Big. Addition of nitrogen fertilizer increased biomass production and forage protein content. Mowing was also found to enhance forage quality.