Life Sciences Commons^™

Splitting The Scatter: Distinguishing Marine Organisms From Oceanographic Structures Using Acoustic Monitoring, Zhen Lu, Daisuke Hasegawa, Takahiro Tanaka, David M. Spencer, Yuji Okazaki, Takeshi Okunishi

Journal of Marine Science and Technology

In the northwest Pacific Ocean, off the Sanriku coast of Japan, convergence between the Tsugaru Warm Current (TWC) and the cold Oyashio Current (OC) results in the formation of highly dynamic oceanographic features that promote high biodiversity and generate hotspots for a range of commercially important fisheries. However, their effects on local biodiversity over much smaller spatiotemporal scales ( < 1 km) remains unclear. With the development of acoustic technology in recent years, echo-sounders are increasingly being used to conduct high-precision fishery resource assessments and detect small-scale variability in the oceanic thermohaline structure. In this study, we conducted a simultaneous hydrographic and dual-frequency echo-sounder survey to discriminate oceanographic features and marine organisms in the TWC-OC confluence zone. Echograms of acoustic backscatter measured at 38 kHz detected similar oceanographic features that were obtained from our hydrographic survey observations, but these features were less pronounced in the 120 kHz echograms. The dynamic oceanographic structure in the TWC-OC zone returned a large amount of backscatter, making it difficult to identify marine organisms from the scatter. The frequency differences of volume backscattering strength (SV) were, however, able to distinguish oceanographic structures from zooplankton detections. Outcomes from this study highlight the difficulty of distinguishing between hydrographic and biological detections in dynamic oceanographic environments. Further research into the acoustic frequency characteristics of heterogeneous hydrographic features will help better understand how species distributions are affected, so that the acoustic method can be used to provide more accurate estimates of species abundance.

Fine-Scale Vertical Movements And Behavior Of Immature Skipjack Tuna (Katsuwonus Pelamis) Off Eastern Taiwan, Wei-Chuan Chiang, Takayuki Matsumoto, Shian-Jhong Lin, Qi-Xuan Chang, Michael K. Musyl, Yuan-Shing Ho, Fumio Ohta

Journal of Marine Science and Technology

Skipjack tuna are globally distributed in tropical and temperate seas but little is known about their fine-scale diving patterns and how fish size and (or) maturity influences patterns off eastern Taiwan. A total of 211 immature skipjack (36 e 47 FL cm) in the study were caught by trolling near subsurface fish aggregating devices (FADs) near Green Island (southeastern Taiwan) and were tagged with Lotek LAT-2910 archival tags. The low rate of recovery (2.4%) suggests a high post-release mortality but this low rate could also be consistent with large population sizes, dispersal, tag loss or uncooperative fishers. Five individuals were …

Evaluating The Fish Aggregation Effect Of Wind Turbine Facilities By Using Scientific Echo Sounder In Nanlong Wind Farm Area, Western Taiwan, Ting-Chieh Huang, Hsueh-Jung Lu, Jia-Rong Lin, Shih-Hsuan Sun, Kou-Wei Yen, Jing-Yi Chen

Journal of Marine Science and Technology

During the stages of construction and operation of the wind power facilities, fishery and fishery resources in the wind farm areas will certainly be changed greatly. One of the major concern is the aggregation effect of wind turbines facility. We use scientific echo sounder together with scuba diving to survey fish aggregations in the wind farm areas. In order to obtain echoes very near the facility, we use tilt beam angle instead of traditional vertical one. Variation of target strength varies while using tilted beam angle were discussed both by ex-situ and in-situ experiment. In ex-situ experiment, we measured TS …

Site Fidelity And Return Trips Of Visually And Olfactorily Inhibited Black Rockfish (Sebastes Schlegelii) Individuals Tracked By Acoustic Telemetry, Mitsuki Kuroda, Yoshinori Tatsu, Yuya Ueda, Hokuto Shirakawa, Kenji Minami, Kazushi Miyashita, Makoto Tomiyasu

Journal of Marine Science and Technology

For fish of the genus Sebastes, which have strong site fidelity, understanding the characteristics of their return trips and how their sensory cues influence behavior will be useful for conservation and resource management. Here, we conducted a behavioral tracking study for the black rockfish Sebastes schlegelii using acoustic telemetry and sensory inhibition. We compared aspects of the return process for individuals in a control group (CNT), and fish in blind (BLD) and olfactory inhibition (OLF) conditions. Nine individuals were released 850 m from the fishing site, and all of them returned. However, the time taken to complete the return varied, …

Geospatial And Acoustic Application In An Artificial Reef Site Of South Korea, Myounghee Kang, Rina Fajaryanti, Kyounghoon Lee, Eun-A Yoon, Woo-Seok Oh, Eunbi Min, Young-Jae Shin, Yong-Suk Choi, Byung-Ho Yi, Hui Zhang, Doojin Hwang

Journal of Marine Science and Technology

Artificial reefs are important since they provide additional habitat leading to increasing abundance and biomass of marine biota. In a Bukchon artificial reef, Jeju Island, South Korea, environment data, artificial reef properties, and acoustic data in four seasons were integrated to visualize and examine their connections using a geographic information system (GIS). As a result, regarding the spatial and temporal distributions of fishes, January had the lowest Nautical Area Scattering Coefficient (NASC, m2/nm2) and June had the highest NASC, and relatively high NASC was observed from 5 to 30 m deep throughout seasons. The influential circle (effective distance from reef) …

Maintaining Root Canal Curvatures After Preparation With Different Nickel-Titanium Rotary Systems (A Comparative In Vitro Study), Wael Betbout, Mohammad Al Shammaa, Roula S. Abiad

BAU Journal - Creative Sustainable Development

The ongoing advancement of materials and methods for root canal instrumentation is resulting in improved techniques with minimal variations to the canal morphology. One standard for assessment of the shaping quality of curved root canals is preparation-induced straightening of the canal. The aim of the study: To compare the effects of 2 Nickel-Titanium rotary systems, 2Shape (Micro-Mega, Besançon, France) and ProTaper Next (Dentsply,Sirona, Ballaigues, Switzerland), on maintaining the distobuccal canals curvature of extracted human maxillary molar teeth using periapical radiographs. Materials and methods: In this study a total of 26 distobuccal roots of upper maxillary molars were used and divided …

Establishing A New Restoration Strategy To Use Nanomaterials In Reviving Damaged Buildings Post-Disaster, Khouloud Walid Darwiche

BAU Journal - Creative Sustainable Development

Nanotechnologies are a new solution of many problems of contemporary society, by creating products and processes for more specific uses with less environmental impact throughout their life cycle. The use of new technology such Nanotechnology in the restoration of damaged buildings post-disaster will be a contemporary solution to achieve sustainable development. After the explosion of Port of Beirut in August 4, 2020, it is necessary to search a new technology that restore and retrofit damaged buildings and in the other hand, to achieve the architectural quality, comfort and energy saving, in addition to its impact on energy consumption rates, its …

Optimised Retrofit Strategies For Energy Reduction And Comfort In Dwellings For Future Climate Scenario In Southeast England, Bahaa El Dine Abou El Khoudoud

BAU Journal - Creative Sustainable Development

This paper aims to find an optimum retrofit scheme utilising adaptation and mitigation techniques to a Sub-urban English old house, for an inevitable future climate change. It seeks its aims by investigating the energy performance, as well as the summertime comfort of old dwellings in current and future weather predictions. Studies shows that pre-1990 building stock represents one of the least energy-efficient, as these houses were built before the introduction of building envelope directives in building regulation. Specifically, uninsulated semi-detached houses of the inter-war period can potentially be an essential target for retrofits to reach the 2030 carbon emission goal. …

Comparison Of Fish Assemblages Aggregated By Artificial Reefs Using Scuba Diving And Acoustic Surveys, Hsueh-Jung Lu, Jia-Rong Lin, Ting-Chieh Huang, Sunarti Sinaga

Journal of Marine Science and Technology

To determine the aggregation effect of artificial reefs (ARs), we conducted surveys in 16 artificial reefs in Taiwan by using the scientific echo sounder, Simrad EY-60 (200 KHz), along with sighting by scuba divers. Scuba diving was conducted within the reef structures (r ¼ 20 m), whereas acoustic surveys were conducted over a wider range (r ¼ 100 m), with five repeating transects over the ARs. We compared the results obtained from the two methods among 16 artificial reefs in the coastal waters of Taiwan to determine the consistency of the quantitative information between the two methods and to investigate …

Study On The Behavior Of Peled (Coregonus Peled ) Around A Set Net By Ultrasonic Biotelemetry System In A Plateau Lake, China, Jing Liu, Keiichi Uchida, Leiming Yin, Yong Tang, Yoshinori Miyamoto, Binbin Xing

Journal of Marine Science and Technology

Sayram Lake is a plateau cold-water lake located in northwestern China. Peled (Coregonus peled ) was introduced to Sayram Lake from Russia in 1998. The behavior characteristics of peled in Sayram Lake are important for fishery resource proliferation, effective fishing, and sustainable development. In this study, we used an ultrasonic biotelemetry system to track the fish around a large-scale set net in Sayram Lake. The purpose of this study is to study the behavior characteristics of the peled and to provide suggestions for the improvement of the set net. The results showed that the fish released in the playground of …

Seasonal Dynamics In Fish Distribution And Abundance Revealed By An Acoustic Survey In Coastal Waters Of The Suzu Area, Kochi Prefecture, Japan, Yanhui Zhu, Kenji Minami, Yuka Iwahara, Kentaro Oda, Koichi Hidaka, Osamu Hoson, Koji Morishita, Sentaro Tsuru, Masahito Hirota, Hokuto Shirakawa, Kazushi Miyashita

Journal of Marine Science and Technology

For Japan's fishery, it is essential to conduct sustainable and efficient fishery owing to the decline in fish catch as well as the fisher population. To obtain information that contributes to sustainable and efficient fishery, we researched appropriate set-net locations with regard to fish distribution, abundance, and environmental characteristics. We conducted surveys from 2017/5 to 2018/2 in the Suzu coastal area, Kochi Prefecture, where the only main industry is set-net fishery. We investigated the seasonal relationships between fish school characteristics, including distribution and size, and marine environmental conditions in the Suzu coastal area, using a quantitative echo sounder (KSE300 SONIC, …

Development Of A Biomass Assessment Method Using Fisheries Echo Sounder For Monitoring Whitebait Fishery In Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan, Kenichi Kobayashi, Yanhui Zhu, Daichi Oshiyama, Kenji Minami, Hokuto Shirakawa, Kazushi Miyashita

Journal of Marine Science and Technology

Coastal fisheries constitute the second most important sector in fishery production in Japan, following offshore fisheries. Thus, spatial evaluation of coastal fishing grounds and understanding of the changes in biomass are important for the sustainable use of fishing resources. For the assessment of spatial fish biomass, a quantitative echo sounder is used, but such a device is not mass produced and involves a high cost. In the present study, we examined the feasibility of biomass assessment using typical commercial fisheries echo sounders that are widely used and cheaper than quantitative echo sounders. Therefore, we aimed to verify the validity of …

Acoustic Survey For Estimating Density Of Anchovy Schools In The South Sea Of Korea, Eunbi Min, Eun-A Yoon, Sung-Tae Kim, Seong Yong Moon, Hyun Woo Kim, Shelly Salim, Taejong Kang, Doo-Jin Hwang

Journal of Marine Science and Technology

No abstract provided.

Estimating The Sampling Efficiencies Of A Framed Midwater Trawl And Ring Net For Zooplankton Using An Acoustic Method, Zhen Lu, Tohru Mukai, Yasuzumi Fujimori, Kohji Iida

Journal of Marine Science and Technology

It is well known that there is bias using different sampling gear, such as a framed midwater trawl (FMT) and a ring net, when measuring the density and length distribution of target species. This limit is characterized by the sampling efficiency of the gear. Acoustic monitoring can be used to determine the sampling efficiencies of this gear, as its noninvasive, wide-range sweeps provide more reliable estimates of absolute abundance of the target species. The density measured by the gear can then be standardized by multiplying the initial density measurement by the derived sampling efficiency. In this study, we compared the …

In Situ Broadband Acoustic Measurements Of Age-0 Walleye Pollock And Pointhead Flounder In Funka Bay, Hokkaido, Japan, Kohei Hasegawa, Naizheng Yan, Tohru Mukai

Journal of Marine Science and Technology

Measurements of the broadband acoustic backscattering from fish should improve acoustic discrimination between species. The pulse compression processing of broadband systems can be used to measure acoustic backscattering with high range resolution and improve signal-to-noise ratio. This may increase opportunities for in situ target strength (TS) measurements, the preferred method of collecting TS data. To evaluate the availability of TS spectra for acoustic discrimination, three Simrad EK80 wideband transceivers and split-beam transducers of 70, 120, and 200 kHz were used to collect in situ frequency responses of TS from age-0 juvenile walleye pollock and pointhead flounder, a swimbladderless flat-fish, distributed …

Volume Scattering And Echo Integration In Fisheries Acoustics Revisited, Masahiko Furusawa

Journal of Marine Science and Technology

Echo integration is the most important method in fisheries acoustics. The basis of the method is volume scattering theory, and the theory assumes that many fish are randomly and homogeneously distributed broader than a beam spread. In actual acoustic surveys, however, we encounter various distributions for which these assumptions do not hold. It is the echo integration method that hypothetically fulfills these assumptions. In this paper, we review the volume scattering theory and the echo integration method historically and theoretically and confirm their bases. We then point out some misunderstandings affected by historical constraints such as the persistence of time …

The Probability Of Success-Through Fault Tree Analytical Binomial Result, Tyleka Riddle

Night Flight Journal

Prestigious Appeal Rule of Thumb (Ear Drum Plugs)

In truant fashion, with proven accidental probabilistic perception for proposed cued facial expression recognition and voice commands without filtering. The estimated cost analysis for design and development generated from the enhanced project in the word "no”: Additionally, an audio noise effect size (ES) for desired level of comprehensive sensory receptors in sound reference to noisy party syndrome. Sytoss, (2019) "Resulting in a cocktail party theory for chalkboard distinction and conversation with applied facial recognition. As well as, the enhanced project management tool, EPMT, to provide output and input determination for higher-level acoustic …

Pharyngeal Constriction As A Cause For Late Acquisition And Speech Sound Disorders Of Rhotic Sounds In English, Spanish, And French, Connor Mahon

The Downtown Review

This paper attempts to explain why rhotic sounds are cross-linguistically late developing among the sound inventory of children. Included is a summary of the current literature regarding classification of rhotic sounds, an examination of the articulatory movement of the tongue root, and an overview of the clinical implications on the field of speech-language pathology. The evidence presented supports the hypothesis that pharyngeal constriction is characteristic of rhotic sounds in many languages, and that it is related to the relative late acquisition and higher rate of speech sound disorders, as seen in English, Spanish, and French.

Dynamics Of Running Processes In The Area Of Underless Water Intake, D.R. Bazarov, M.P. Tashkhanova, A. Gayur, M. Sapaeva

Irrigation and Melioration

The paper analyzes the dynamics of channel processes based on the results of field studies of the Amudarya River at the site of the damless water intake to the Karshi Magistralny Canal (KMK) and developed recommendations for improving the water intake conditions. Based on the results of field studies of the head section of the inlet channel, an assessment of the state of the Amudarya river bed in the water intake zone was made. The results of studies of the hydraulic and alluvial regimes of the Amu Darya River in the area of the damless water intake are generalized The …

Determination Of The Optimal Hydromodule Of Irrigation Network For Drip Irrigation, R.Zh. Karshiev, A. Urazkeldiev, A.H. Radjabov, A.I. Ernazarov

Irrigation and Melioration

Most of the irrigation canals operating in the country were built in the 60s and 80s of the XX century, their hydraulic parameters were designed and adapted to the irrigation regimes of agricultural crops, mainly for surface irrigation, and the average hydromodule values were 0,8-1,0 l / s. , the hydraulic parameters of the channel are designed to carry large volumes of water in a short period of time. Over the next 3-4 years, the introduction of water-saving technologies in the irrigation of agricultural crops by farms and "Clusters" requires the improvement of hydraulic methods of irrigation management, the use …

Assessment Of The Impact Of Climate Change On Hydrological Processes In The Chirchik River Basin, Kh.Sh. Gafforov, Sh.D. Sh.D.Tursunboev

Irrigation and Melioration

The importance of assessing past and future climate differences plays an important role in future planning in relation to climate change. This situation requires urgent and concerted action in several areas: technology, infrastructure, politics, economics, and the environment. The article evaluates the impact of changes in precipitation intensity on the water level in the global circulation model (GCM) RCP 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios in the 2030s, 2050s, and 2070s. This study is a useful reference for improving water resource management and ensuring the sustainability of agricultural products in the future, as well as for improving operational water management and agricultural …

Assessment Of The Impact Of Climate Change On Hydrological Processes In The Chirchik River Basin, В.K. Saliev

Irrigation and Melioration

The article examines the assessment of the state and problems of irrigation water use in the republic in the past and in the near future. A comparative analysis of the state of water resources use for the period of the last 30 years from 1989 to 2019 was carried out.According to the estimates, own water withdrawal for 5 years (2014/15-2018/19) shows that an average of 53.2 m3, including 50.5 billion m3 from rivers At present (2018-2019), an average of 57.06 billion m3 of water is taken for irrigation of 4.289 million hectares of land, against 63.02 billion m3 approved in …

Environmental Damage Caused By Transport Equipment Waste, M. Radkevich, K. Shipilova, M. Abdukodirova, O. Pochugevski

Irrigation and Melioration

The article suggests a new approach to the monetary assessment of the damage caused to the environment by the processed waste of the transport sector. The proposed assessment method is based on the waste collection factor, all types of irretrievable losses and the volume of necessary compensatory release of materials. Based on a survey among vehicle owners, it was found that the solid waste collection rate is about 50 %, while the waste collection rate for operating fluids does not exceed 32 %. In this regard, the bulk of the damage to the environment is caused by liquid waste. Calculations …

Research Of Stress-Deformed State Of Multi-Connected Complex Shell Structures, Т.М. Маvlanov, Sh.O. Khudainazarov, B. Yalgashev, O.S. Nurova

Irrigation and Melioration

Conducting numerical experiments for complex structurally inhomogeneous structures allows us to understand the qualitative picture of the effect of various parameters in a wide range of studies and to give sound recommendations at the design stage for conducting laboratory model and field experiments. In this paper, on the basis of the classical theory of elasticity, the basic equations characterizing the stress-strain state of complex multiply connected shell structures are given and a specific problem is solved. At the same time, some of the structural elements have viscoelastic properties. When solving the problem, the behavior of the structure for the n-th …

To The Determination Of The Critical Circuit Speed Of The Sharing Drum, Kh. Kh. Igamberdiev, A.B. Mukhitdinov

Irrigation and Melioration

The article is devoted to the theoretical definition of the critical circumferential speed of the stripping drum of a kena harvester, which depends on the drum diameter, diameter and weight of the stems. It was determined from the equality of the change in the momentum of the stem during impact, i.e. from a shock impulse acting on the stem. The shock impulse is determined when the drum blade touches the stem in the process of stripping, which acts on the mass of the entire stem. The duration of the impact of the drum stripping on the stem was determined from …

An Innovative Seeder For Sowing Non-Loose Seeds Of Saxaul And Cherkez, E.T. Farmonov

Irrigation and Melioration

The main reasons for the absence of a seeder for mechanized sowing of non-loose seeds of fodder plants in deserts are analyzed in the article. The author has developed a technology for sowing non-loose seeds (saxaul and cherkez), which prevents clogging, crushing and breakage in the seeder hopper, and provides for uniform and stable sowing at a set rate and shallow depth over the entire field area without reducing the biological germination. An innovative seeder with a universal sowing unit is recommended. Field tests of the innovative seeder with the proposed universal sowing unit were conducted in February 2020, as …

Recommendations For The Analysis And Safety Assessment Of Turbid Sediments In Flood Reservoirs, А. Yangiev, Sh. Panjiev, D. Adjimuradov

Irrigation and Melioration

The article presents the results of field research conducted in Langar, Dehkanabad, Shurabsoy flood reservoirs in the Kashkadarya region.There are many problems as a result of floods in the reservoirs, there are disturbances in the discharge and drainage facilities during the passage of accidental floods.At the same time, there was a large accumulation of turbid-sediments in flood reservoirs.In the article, the results of the calculations using empirical formulas for predicting the amount of turbid sediments in Langar, Dehkanabad, Shurabsoy flood reservoirs up to 2025-2030 years are also presented, and it is noted that at present their useless volumes are full …

Justification Of Parameters Of Replaceable Working Parts Of A Combined Machine, А.A. Akhmetov, L.B. Muratov

Irrigation and Melioration

In article are described the design and options for completing the replaceable working parts of the combined machine for continuous tillage which of the formation of ridges and ridges for sowing re-crops. The parameters of the ridge former and apron-leveler of this machine have been substantiated. The rational values of the parameters of the comb-former are: length 600 mm, width of the entrance edge 680 mm, height of the blade 160 mm, length of the side edge of the blade 178 mm. The rational values of the working length and height of the leveling apron are 220 mm and 200 …

Development Of An Algorithm For Optimization Of Continuous Technological Process Of Cultivation Of Microorganisms, Sh.R. Rakhmanov

Irrigation and Melioration

In article the analysis of possible modes of microalgae cultivation has been carried out. Two optimization algorithms are substantiated. The first one is based on the method of random search with an absolute bias, an algorithm for optimizing the process of cultivating microorganisms with continuous regeneration of the flow in one cultivator. The second is an algorithm for determining the optimal residence time of chlorella particles in multistage cultivators, focused on the method of dynamic programming, implemented in Wellman's recurrence relation. The developed algorithm for operational forecasting and automatic control of the chlorella cultivation process allows, under given production conditions …

Covid-19 Impact To Family Food Consumption And Income In Uzbekistan: Results Of An Online Survey, Kh. Pardaev, Sh. Hasanov, S. Mamasoliev, Sh. Muratov, R. Kalandarov, U. Nurullaev

Irrigation and Melioration

This article aims to study the impact of the pandemic on food consumption by families in Uzbekistan. The shock of the pandemic is threatening the well-being of families in Uzbekistan, as in all developing countries. The study focuses on the effects of changes in food prices, declining consumption, and changes in household incomes. The Instrumental regression model was used in the factor impact analysis. Data for analysis were collected online by messenger groups from families in urban and rural areas of Uzbekistan. Results of the Econometric analysis demonstrated that the decline in food consumption in households was assessed by a …