Life Sciences Commons^™

Hla Class I Supertype Associations With Clinical Outcome Of Secondary Dengue Virus Infections In Ethnic Thais, Sasijit Vejbaesya, Rungrot Thongpradit, Siripen Kalayanarooj, Komon Luangtrakool, Panpimon Luangtrakool, Robert V. Gibbons, Duangporn Srinak, Somporn Ngammthaworn, Kusuma Apisawes, In-Kyu Yoon, Stephen J. Thomas, Richard G. Jarman, Anon Srikiatkhachorn, Sharone Green, Dasnayanee Chandanayingyong, Sangshin Park, Jennifer Friedman, Alan L. Rothman, Henry A.F. Stephens

Sharone Green

BACKGROUND: Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) supertypes are groups of functionally related alleles that present structurally similar antigens to the immune system.

OBJECTIVES: To analyze HLA class I supertype associations with clinical outcome in hospitalized Thai children with acute dengue illness.

METHODS: Seven hundred sixty-two patients and population-matched controls recruited predominantly in Bangkok were HLA-A and -B typed. HLA supertype frequencies were compared and tested for significant dengue disease associations using logistic regression analyses. Multivariable models were built by conducting forward stepwise selection procedures.

RESULTS: In the final logistic regression model, the HLA-B44 supertype was protective against dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) …

Regardless Of Genotype, Offspring Of Vip-Deficient Female Mice Exhibit Developmental Delays And Deficits In Social Behavior., Hewlet Mcfarlane

Hewlet McFarlane

Pharmacological studies indicate that vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) may be necessary for normal embryonic development in the mouse. For example, VIP antagonist treatment before embryonic day 11 resulted in developmental delays, growth restriction, modified adult brain chemistry and reduced social behavior. Here, developmental milestones, growth, and social behaviors of neonates of VIP-deficient mothers (VIP +/-) mated to VIP +/- males were compared with the offspring of wild type mothers (VIP +/+) mated to VIP +/+ and +/- males, to assess the contributions of both maternal and offspring VIP genotype. Regardless of their own genotype, all offsprings of VIP-deficient mothers exhibited …

Reduced Ultrasonic Vocalizations In Vasopressin 1b Knockout Mice., Hewlet Mcfarlane

Hewlet McFarlane

The neuropeptides oxytocin and vasopressin have been implicated in rodent social and affiliative behaviors, including social bonding, parental care, social recognition, social memory, vocalizations, territoriality, and aggression, as well as components of human social behaviors and the etiology of autism. Previous investigations of mice with various manipulations of the oxytocin and vasopressin systems reported unusual levels of ultrasonic vocalizations in social settings. We employed a vasopressin 1b receptor (Avpr1b) knockout mouse to evaluate the role of the vasopressin 1b receptor subtype in the emission of ultrasonic vocalizations in adult and infant mice. Avpr1b null mutant female mice emitted fewer ultrasonic …

The Effectiveness And Restoration Potential Of Riparian Ecotones For The Management Of Nonpoint Source Pollution, Particularly Nitrate, Siobhan Fennessy

Siobhan Fennessy

The interface found where rivers meet terrestrial systems is an ecotone that has a profound influence on the movement of water and waterborne contaminants. Maintaining or restoring ecotone functions and characteristics such as natural near stream vegetation and channel morphology are important means to safeguard water quality in agricultural landscapes. A riparian buffer zone of 20 to 30 m width can remove up to 100% of incoming nitrate. Denitrification is the major pathway of removal and rates depend on nitrate loadings, carbon availability, and hydrology. Denitrification occurs throughout the year as long as subsurface hydrology is intact, whereas plant uptake …

Modeling To Improve Vegetation-Based Wetland Biological Assessment, Siobhan Fennessy

Siobhan Fennessy

The accurate and precise biological assessment of wetland ecosystems has proven to be a significant challenge to natural resource managers. Biological assemblages in wetland ecosystems are highly variable and this variability can confound inferences of biological condition resulting from biological assessments. Efforts to control for this natural biological variation have led to the development of many different biological assessment indices that are based on classification. Classification-based indices often lack broad applicability and may not adequately control for natural sources of biological variation. Biological variation is often associated with natural environmental gradients that modeling techniques may be able to account for. …

Hydrophytes In The Mid-Atlantic Region: Ecology, Communities, Assessment, And Diversity, Siobhan Fennessy

Siobhan Fennessy

Hydrophytes, or wetland plants, are the most conspicuous and perhaps most colorful element of wetland systems. In the mid-Atlantic region, hydrophytes have been the focus of many studies, resulting in a wealth of information on wetland classification, vegetation stressors, and plant-based assessment tools. For example, exploration of the relationship between hydrophytes and the physical aspects of wetlands has led to a new hydrogeomorphic classification of headwater systems that combines three previously distinct classes. Studies of stressors have shown that plants respond differentially to human-mediated disturbances in the surrounding landscape. Reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea), a native but highly …

Carbon Sequestration In Mediterranean Tidal Wetlands: San Francisco Bay And The Ebro River Delta, Siobhan Fennessy

Siobhan Fennessy

Tidal wetlands accumulate soil carbon at relatively rapid rates, in large part because they build soil to counteract increases in sea-level rise. Because of the rapid rates of carbon sequestration, there is growing interest in evaluating carbon dynamics in tidal wetlands around the world; however, few measurements have been completed for mediterranean-type tidal wetlands, which tend to have relatively high levels of soil salinity, likely affecting both plant productivity and decomposition rates. We measured sediment accretion and carbon sequestration rates at tidal wetlands in two mediterranean regions: the San Francisco Bay Estuary (California, USA) and the Ebro River Delta (Catalonia, …

Hypoglycemic Effect Of Allium Sativum On Oral Glucose Tolerance Test In Rabbits., Nyyer Ma, Anwar Ali Siddiqui, Athar Hs. Athar Hs.

Anwar Ali Siddiqui

The effect of crude garlic and its two organic extracts on blood glucose levels of rabbits have been studied. It was found that the petroleum ether extract and crude garlic juice had some hypoglycemic effect on the induced hyperglycemia in the experimental animals, whereas no effect was observed on the group fed on ethanol extract

Comparison Of Rna Isolation And Associated Methods For Extracellular Rna Detection By High-Throughput Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction, Kahraman Tanriverdi, Alper Kucukural, Ekaterina Mikhalev, Selim E. Tanriverdi, Rosalind Lee, Victor R. Ambros, Jane Freedman

Victor R. Ambros

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNA molecules that function in RNA silencing and posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression. miRNAs in biofluids are being used for clinical diagnosis as well as disease prediction. Efficient and reproducible isolation methods are crucial for extracellular RNA detection. To determine the best methodologies for miRNA detection from plasma, the performance of four RNA extraction kits, including an in-house kit, were determined with miScript miRNA assay technology; all were measured using a high-throughput quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) platform (BioMark System) with 90 human miRNA assays. In addition, the performances of complementary DNA (cDNA) and preamplification …

Cold Tolerance Of Photosynthesis As A Determinant Of Tree Species Regeneration Patterns In An Evergreen Temperate Forest, Christopher P. Bickford, Sarah J. Richardson, Karen I. Bonner

Christopher P Bickford

Niche partitioning of light among seedling species is a key mechanism supporting coexistence in forests. Species sort along light gradients through direct responses to light and through indirect responses mediated by other environmental factors. Canopy gaps in temperate evergreen rainforests experience sub-zero temperatures and thus gap-dependent species are vulnerable to cold photoinhibition from exposure to high light at low temperatures. We used a shadehouse experiment to test two hypotheses: (1) that gap-dependent species are resistant to cold photoinhibition; and (2) that gap-dependence observed in the field may be driven by the interaction between high light and low temperatures. Specifically, we …

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Giants Among Micromorphs: Were Cincinnatian (Ordovician, Katian) Small Shelly Phosphatic Faunas Dwarfed?, Benjamin F. Dattilo, Rebecca L. Freeman, Winfried S. Peters, William P. Heimbrock, Bradley Deline, Anthony J. Martin, Jack W. Kallmeyer, Jesse Reeder, Anne Argast

Winfried S. Peters

Scientific Research Needs More Funding, But Also Smarter Spending, Deepti Pradhan

Deepti Pradhan

Pharmacology Of Legal And Illicit Drugs, Ashraf Mozayani

Ashraf Mozayani, Ph.D., PharmD

The pharmacology of any xenobiotic is a complex set of processes that is frequently divided into two categories: pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. These two processes encompass the various steps that the body takes to transform the drug to facilitate its excretion (pharmacokinetics) and the interactions of the drug with the body which result in the observed effects (pharmacodynamics). The study of these processes includes the determination of kinetic parameters to describe the rate of elimination of the drug from the body, binding affinities to describe the interaction of the drug with endogenous receptors, and the determination of enzymes that are instrumental …

The Effect Of The Use Of Temperature On The Breakage Of Dormancy And The Subsequent Performance Of Rice (Oryza Spp.), Grace Doku, Mawutor Glover, Edinam Glover, Kofi Dartey

Dr. Edinam K. Glover

Effects Of Threonine Supplementation On Whole-Body Protein Synthesis And Plasma Metabolites In Growing And Mature Horses, Sara Mastellar, A. Moffet, P.A. Harris, K.L. Urschel

Sara Mastellar