Life Sciences Commons^™

Nilgai Antelope In Northern Mexico As A Possible Carrier For Cattle Fever Ticks And Babesia Bovis And Babesia Bigemina., E M. Cardenas-Canales, J. Alfonso Ortega-Santos, Tyler A. Campbell, Zeferino Garcia-Vaquez, Antonio Cantu-Covarrubias, Julio V. Figueroa-Millian, Randy W. Deyoung, David G. Hewitt, Fred C. Bryant

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Of 20 blood samples from nilgais from Me´ xico, five were polymerase chain reaction-positive for Babesia bigemina and one for Babesia bovis. Positive samples had the expected 170 (B. bigemina) and 291 (B. bovis) base pairs and were identical to Gen-Bank B. bigemina accession S45366 and B. bovis M38218.

Diseases And Parasites, Kurt C. Vercauteren, Tyler A. Campbell

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

No abstract provided.

Efficacy Of The Boar-Operated-System To Deliver Baits To Feral Swine., Tyler A. Campbell, David B. Long, Giovanna Massei

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Feral swine (Sus scrofa) pose a significant disease threat to livestock and humans. Emerging technologies to reduce feral swine disease transmission risks include fertility control, vaccination, and toxicants. However, for these technologies to be appropriate for field application, a feral swine-specific oral delivery system is needed. We used two field trials to generate information related to appropriate field application of the Boar-Operated-System (BOSTM), an oral delivery system designed to provide bait access only to feral swine. Our objectives were to determine whether pre-baiting BOSTM units increased bait removal and to evaluate the proportion of feral swine and non-target animals that …

Specialized Adaptation Of A Lactic Acid Bacterium To The Milk Environment: The Comparative Genomics Of Streptococcus Thermophilus Lmd-9, Yong Jun Goh, Caitlin Goin, Sarah O'Flaherty, Eric Altermann, Robert W. Hutkins

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Background: Streptococcus thermophilus represents the only species among the streptococci that has “Generally Regarded As Safe” status and that plays an economically important role in the fermentation of yogurt and cheeses. We conducted comparative genome analysis of S. thermophilus LMD-9 to identify unique gene features as well as features that contribute to its adaptation to the dairy environment. In addition, we investigated the transcriptome response of LMD-9 during growth in milk in the presence of Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus, a companion culture in yogurt fermentation, and during lytic bacteriophage infection.

Results: The S. thermophilus LMD-9 genome is …

Nutrient Management Record Keeping Calendar, July 2011-December 2012, Leslie J. Johnson, Charles Shapiro, Charles Wortmann, Chris G. Henry, Larry Howard, Tamilee D. Nennich

Nebraska Cooperative Extension: Faculty and Staff Publications

Records for Nebraska Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations

Record the initials of the person performing the inspection each time. Check marks will not satisfy the record-keeping requirements.

Record any maintenance and/or repairs.

Correct all deficiencies within 30 days.

Interactions Of Transgenic Bacillus Thuringiensis Insecticidal Crops With Spiders (Araneae), Julie A. Peterson, Jonathan Lundgren, James D. Harwood

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Genetically modified crops expressing insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have dramatically increased in acreage since their introduction in the mid-1990’s. Although the insecticidal mechanisms of Bt target specific pests, concerns persist regarding direct and indirect effects on non-target organisms. In the field, spiders may be exposed to Bt toxins via multiple routes, including phytophagy and pollenivory, consumption of Bt-containing prey, and soil exudates in the detrital food web. Beyond direct toxicity, Bt crops may also have indirect impacts, including pleiotropic and preymediated effects. Here, we comprehensively review the literature and use meta-analyses to reveal that foliar spider abundance is …

Western Australia's Biosecurity, Department Of Agriculture And Food, Western Australia, Department Of Environment And Conservation, Western Australia, Department Of Fisheries, Western Australia, Forest Products Commission, Western Australia

Biosecurity published reports

Biosecurity is the protection of the economy, environment and human health from the negative impacts of pests, weeds and diseases, including the management of invasive species if they become established (definition adopted by AusBIOSEC).

This requires steps to prevent the entry of harmful organisms, as well as the timely and efficient management of them if they do enter.

Biosecurity threats range from catastrophic diseases such as Foot and Mouth Disease, which causes rapid and widespread animal deaths, to more subtle and slower spreading problems such as invasive weeds, mussels that foul vessel hulls and fungus-induced dieback disease of trees. These …

Winter Wheat Yield And Yield Components As Affected By Soil Tillage Systems, Irena Jug, Danijel Jug, Mirjana Sabo, Bojan Stipesevic, Miro Stosic

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Eight different soil tillage systems (TS) for winter wheat after soybean crop production were compared at the chernozem soil type in Croatian Baranya region in a 4-year period (2001/2002, 2002/2003, 2003/2004, 2004/2005). Tillage systems were: CT) conventional tillage, based on autumn mouldboard ploughing; DH) autumn disc harrowing; CH) autumn disc harrowing + chiselling; NT) No-tillage; CSDW) DH for winter wheat, alternated with CT for previous crop soybean; CWDS) CT for wheat, DH for soybean; CsNw) NT for wheat, CT for soybean; and CwNs) CT for wheat, NT for soybean. The dry conditions experienced in 2002/2003 decreased at half winter wheat …

Seasonal Changes In The Physiological Characteristics Of Anatolian Black Pine And The Effect On Seedling Quality, Ayşe Deli̇göz

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Seasonal changes in water relations parameters, dry weight fraction (DWF), and root growth potential (RGP) were examined for Anatolian black pine [Pinus nigra Arn. subsp. pallasiana (Lamb.) Holmboe] seedlings. In addition, phenological conditions were monitored. Water relations parameters were estimated using the pressure-volume technique, including osmotic potential at full turgor (\psi_{\pi100}), osmotic potential at turgor loss point (\psi_{\piTLP}), free water content at turgor loss point (FWC_{TLP}), relative water content at turgor loss point (RWC_{TLP}), and symplastic water/dry weight (Vo/DW). \psi_{\piTLP}, \psi_{\pi100}, DWF, and RGP showed seasonal changes, but FWC_{TLP}, RWC_{TLP}, and Vo/DW did not show a clear seasonal change. The …

Methyl Bromide Alternatives For Presowing Fumigation In Tobacco Seedling Production, Özhan Boz, Ayhan Yildiz, Kemal Benli̇oğlu, Hati̇ce Seher Benli̇oğlu

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of soil fumigant alternatives to methyl bromide (MeBr) on the weeds, damping-off, and seedling growth of tobacco. Methyl bromide (90 g m^{-2}), dazomet (D) (50 g m^{-2}), and metam sodium (MS) (100 mL m^{-2}) were evaluated in 2 locations in the Karacasu district of Aydın province, Turkey, February-April 2005. In addition, half doses of D and MS were investigated in 2006. MeBr treatment had 52.5% control against the postemergence damping-off caused by Pythium spp., while alternative treatments had no effect on the disease in 2005. In 2006, MeBr and MS (100 mL m^{-2}) …

Micropropagation Of The Apricot (Prunus Armeniaca L.) Cv. Hacıhaliloğlu By Means Of Single Node Culture, Hakan Yildirim, Ahmet Onay, Engi̇n Ti̇lkat, Zafer Aktürk

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Hacıhaliloğlu is one of the most widely cultivated apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) cultivars in Turkey. It produces fruit of excellent quality and is consumed both fresh and dried. In this study several factors affecting in vitro culture, rapid proliferation, rooting, and acclimatization of the apricot cultivar Hacıhaliloğlu were examined. During this study significant differences in harvesting dates were observed, with the month of May being noted as the best time to examine the in vitro culture of Hacıhaliloğlu. The effects of the cytokinin 6-benzylaminopurine (BA), kinetin (Kin), and thidiazuron (TDZ) were evaluated individually, and different concentrations of BA were also …

The Use Of Artificial Neural Networks For Forecasting The Monthly Mean Soil Temperatures In Adana, Turkey, Mehmet Bi̇lgi̇li̇

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The objective of this paper was to develop an artificial neural network (ANN) model in order to predict monthly mean soil temperature for the present month by using various previous monthly mean meteorological variables. For this purpose, the measured soil temperature and other meteorological data between the years of 2000 and 2007 at Adana meteorological station were used. The soil temperatures were measured at depths of 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 cm below the ground level by the Turkish State Meteorological Service (TSMS). A 3-layer feed-forward artificial neural network structure was constructed and a back-propagation algorithm was used for …

Soil Texture Fractions And Fractal Dimension Of Particle Size Distribution As Predictors Of Interrill Erodibility, Mohammad Reza Neyshabouri, Abbas Ahmadi, Hassan Rouhipour, Hossein Asadi, Mehdi Irannajad

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Choosing a particular textural fraction as an erodibility predictor is often confusing because various fractions of soil particles have been introduced as erodibility index by many researchers. Recently, advances in fractal theory have introduced a scaling parameter for characterizing soil fragments. The objectives of this study were (i) to test the applicability of fractal dimension of particle size distribution (PSD) for estimation of interrill erodibility and (ii) to study the relationship between interrill erodibility and soil texture components. Samples from 36 soil series with contrasting characters were collected from northwest Iran. The sand fractions were obtained by sieving, while silt …

Determination Of Protein And Gluten Quality-Related Parameters Of Wheat Flour Using Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (Nirs), Mehmet Başlar, Mustafa Fati̇h Ertugay

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Wet chemistry analyses done for quality control purposes in wheat and flour processing are time-consuming. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) as an alternative technology to conventional methods allows us to obtain results in a few seconds. In this study, NIRS was used in the development of calibration models for protein, wet and dry gluten contents and Zeleny sedimentation of flours from the grinding of 120 varieties of bread wheat collected from different regions of Turkey. Therefore, spectra in the range of 1100 to 2500 nm of the flours were acquired by scanning with the NIRSystems 6500 monochromator. Multiple linear regression (MLR) and …

Clonal Propagation And Cryogenic Storage Of Virus-Free Grapevine (Vitis Vinifera L.) Via Meristem Culture, Mohamad Shatnawi, Ghandi Anfoka, Rida Shibli, Mohammed Al-Mazra'awi, Wesam Shahrour, Areej Arebiat

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

A protocol for production of virus-free Vitis vinifera using meristem culture was developed. Meristems (0.1-0.2 mm) of V. vinifera infected with grapevine fanleaf virus and grape leafroll associated viruses were excised from 1-year-old growing vines. Shoot tips were cultured on half-strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, supplemented with 0.02 mg L^{-1} of benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 0.01 mg L^{-1} of naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). BAP and kinetin resulted in differences in the number of new shoots per explant, shoot height, and number of new leaves per explant. BAP at 0.8 mg L^{-1} gave the highest in vitro multiplication rate, with 5.25 …

Total Carbon Stocks And Carbon Accumulation In Living Tree Biomass In Forest Ecosystems Of Turkey, Doğanay Tolunay

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

In this study, the carbon stocks of forests of Turkey were examined by taking the national forest inventory completed in 2004 as a basis. Furthermore, the annual accumulations of carbon in the above- and below-ground biomass of Turkey were also investigated according to the gain-loss methods of "Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use" (AFOLU), published in 2006. The results of estimates showed that the total stock in all carbon pools (above- and below-ground, dead wood, litter, and soil) in the forests of Turkey was 2251.26 Tg C in 2004. Of that total carbon stock, 74.78% was in soil, 21.32% in …

Rooting Behaviour, Polyphenol Oxidase Activity, And Biochemical Changes In Grape Rootstocks At Different Growth Stages, Ramhari G. Somkuwar, Devanand D. Bondage, Manisha S. Surange, Sahadeo D. Ramteke

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Four grape rootstocks belonging to different Vitis species were planted in September. Rooting behaviour, polyphenol oxidase (PPO; EC 1.14.18.1) activity and biochemical parameters were studied at different growth stages after planting the cuttings in polythene bags. Significant differences were recorded for rooting success among the different rootstocks, with the maximum sprouting percentage determined in the Freedom rootstock. The highest variation in PPO activity was also recorded in Freedom. High PPO activity was recorded in rootstock 140 Ru, while the highest root length was recorded in Dog Ridge. In the rootstock 110 R, the PPO activity was the lowest during the …

Stem Reserve Accumulation And Mobilization In Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) As Affected By Sowing Date And N – P – K Levels Under Mediterranean Conditions, Amir Aynehband, Maryam Valipoor, Esfandiar Fateh

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Some parts of the dry matter accumulated in the wheat stem during the vegetative period are translocated to grain during the grain-filling period. This study assesses the changes in dry matter accumulation in wheat, and the translocation of different internodes of the main stem as affected by some cultural practices. Field experiments, including 3 sowing dates (early, conventional, and late), and 4 N - P - K levels, F_1 - (0 - 0 - 0), F_2 - (110 - 90 - 80), F_3 - (70 - 50 - 40) and F_4 - (150 - 130 - 120), were conducted at …

Production Of Cellulase By Pleurotus Ostreatus And Pleurotus Sajor-Caju In Solid State Fermentation Of Lignocellulosic Biomass, Md Ibrahim Khalil, Mia Mahmudul Hoque, Mafroz Ahmed Basunia, Nadia Alam, Md Asaduzzaman Khan

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Bioconversion of cellulosic components into fermentable sugars has currently been accomplished with the help of the microbial enzyme, cellulase. In this study, Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacquin ex Fr.) Kummer and Pleurotus sajor-caju (Fr.) Singer were tested for cellulase production by solid state fermentation (SSF) using saw dust, sugarcane bagasse, and paddy straw as substrate. To enhance production, the substrates were pretreated with 1% and 4% NaOH solutions. Supernatants of extracted enzyme solutions were used to estimate reducing sugar and soluble protein, as well as enzyme activities. Maximum production of reducing sugar and soluble protein were recorded in 12 and 10 day …

Stability Properties Of Certain Durum Wheat Genotypes For Major Quality Characteristics, Mehmet Ali̇ Saki̇n, Oral Düzdemi̇r, Abdulvahi̇t Sayaslan, Ferhat Yüksel

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Many ecological regions of Turkey are suitable for the production of durum wheat, and therefore the yield and quality of this wheat should be improved. In this study, stability properties associated with the pasta quality of 25 durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) genotypes grown in 3 different locations (Tokat-Kazova, Diyarbakır, and Sivas-Ulaş) for 2 years (2005-2006, 2006-2007) were investigated. Durum wheat genotypes were composed of 12 registered varieties and 13 advanced experimental lines. Field trials were conducted in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Protein content, gluten index, sedimentation and specific sedimentation volumes, yellow pigment content, and lipoxygenase …

Field Appraisal Of Seed Priming To Improve The Growth, Yield, And Quality Of Direct Seeded Rice, Hafeez Ur Rehman, Shahzad Maqsood Ahmed Basra, Muhammad Farooq

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Poor crop stand and high weed infestation are the major constraints of direct seeded rice. Seed priming has the potential to improve the seedling emergence and crop stand. This study was conducted to evaluate the on-farm assessment of direct seeded rice by employing different priming techniques such as on-farm priming, hydropriming, hardening, and osmohardening with CaCl_2 and KCl. Untreated seeds were taken as control. Among all the seed priming techniques, osmohardening with CaCl_2 improved the stand establishment, allometric response, agronomic traits, yield, and quality of harvested paddy compared with other priming techniques, and non-primed control in direct seeded culture. Improved …

Some Characteristics Of The Stagnation Stage In The Development Of Silver Fir (Abies Alba Mill.) Trees In Selection Forests In Serbia, Damjan Pantic, Stanisa Bankovic, Milan Medarevic, Snezana Obradovic

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

A period of stagnation in silver fir development has been recorded in all felled trees in selection forests of Serbia (233 trees on Mt. Goc and 451 trees on Mt. Tara). In the selection forests on Mt. Goc, the stagnation stage ranges between 40 and 330 years, but on Mt. Tara, it ranges from 15 to 185 years. It was concluded that the duration was caused not by the ecological and productivity potential (site class) of the soil for fir development, but primarily by the growth space, resulting from the application of single-tree selection or group selection systems. It was …

Water Dynamics And Productivity In Dehydrated Watermelon Plants As Modified By Red Polyethylene Mulch, Peter Ferus, Silvia Ferusova, Jan Kona

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

In order to describe changes in water regime and production parameters caused by red polyethylene (PE) mulch in dehydrated watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai) plants, as well as to define their transpiration efficiency (TE) and water use efficiency (WUE) under different temperature environments, 2 individual pot experiments (summer external experiment and autumnal greenhouse experiment) were conducted. We found that red mulch reduced leaf relative water content (RWC) fall caused by water restriction but osmotic adjustment (OA) was not responsible for this stress alleviation. A general OA was observed in the course of dehydration, possibly associated with developmental changes …

Micropropagation Of Olive Tree Olea Europaea L. 'Oueslati', Anissa Chaari Rkhis, Mohamed Maalej, Noureddine Drira, Alvaro Standardi

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The present study was undertaken to contribute to the continuous search for efficient in vitro protocols for the micropropagation of olive trees, with special focus on the Oueslati cultivar. It investigates the main factors involved in the micropropagation process, namely medium composition, growth regulators, rooting, and acclimatization conditions. It demonstrates that under particular conditions, the Oueslati cultivar displays a high capacity to proliferate. During the multiplication phase, the multiplication medium, which is a modification of Rugini medium with zeatin (1 and 2 mg L^{-1}), yielded the highest multiplication rates, with an average of more than 9. Furthermore, almost 91% of …

Potential Of Steinernema Feltiae (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) As A Biological Control Agent Against The Cabbage Maggot Delia Radicum (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) In Oilseed Rape, İsmai̇l Alper Susurluk

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) in families Heterorhabditidae and Steinernematidae have considerable potential as biological control agents against soil-inhabiting insect pests. In the present study, the potential of Steinernema feltiae as a biological control agent against cabbage maggot (CM) Delia radicum (Diptera: Anthomyiidae), persistence of the nematode in areas infested by CM larvae, and foraging behavior of the nematode toward CM and/or oilseed rape roots were examined in the laboratory. The results of the laboratory experiment showed that more than 80% control was achieved against the last instars of D. radicum. Steinernema feltiae persisted in the soil in high numbers for 12 …

Soybean Breeding: Comparison Of The Efficiency Of Different Selection Methods, Jegor Miladinovic, Joe W. Burton, Svetlana Balesevic Tubic, Dragana Miladinovic, Vuk Djordjevic, Vojin Djukic

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The following study was conducted in order to compare the modified single-seed descent method of selection used in soybean breeding at the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad, Serbia, with the standard bulk method and the pedigree method. The source materials for the development of hybrid populations were 15 genotypes, and a total of 10 cross combinations were made. Comparison of the lines developed by the different breeding methods was done in the F6 generation. Genetic gain from selection was taken as the main indicator of efficiency of the tested methods. The modified single-seed descent method produced …

Comparison Of Open Field And Protected Cultivation Of Five Early Table Grape Cultivars Under Mediterranean Conditions, Önder Kami̇loğlu, Ati̇la Ayteki̇n Polat, Coşkun Durgaç

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The production of grapes for early table consumption is becoming more popular in the Mediterranean region of Turkey. In this study, the cultivation of 5 early table grape cultivars ('Ergin çekirdeksizi', 'Uslu', 'Yalova incisi', 'Cardinal', and 'Perlette') in the open field and under protected cultivation were compared in 2004-2005 and 2005-2006 seasons. For the protected culture, the grapevines were covered on 23 February 2004 and 24 February 2005. The phenologic observations, pomologic analyses, yield variables, and primary shoot growth were determined. When compared to open field production, protected production led to 15-18 days earliness. 'Uslu' was the earliest cultivar in …

Biological Control Of Chestnut Canker, Caused By Cryphonectria Parasitica, By Antagonistic Organisms And Hypovirulent Isolates, Seçi̇l Akilli, Yakup Zekai̇ Katircioğlu, Sali̇h Maden

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Biological control of chestnut blight was investigated by using 3 hypovirulent isolates of Cryphonectria parasitica, 5 Trichoderma sp., 4 Penicillium sp., and 4 Bacillus sp. isolates. Hypovirulent isolates and antagonistic organisms were obtained from samples collected from the Black Sea region of Turkey, in 2008 and 2009. Effectiveness of the hypovirulent isolates and antagonistic microorganisms was tested on 3-year-old chestnut saplings. In the tests, bark disks of 6 mm were removed from the stem bases and culture disks of the virulent isolate of C. parasitica were first placed into the hole and then the hypovirulent isolate or the antagonistic fungi. …

Molecular Cloning And Functional Characterization Of A Na+/H+ Antiporter Gene From Halophyte Spartina Anglica, Tao Lan, Yuanlin Duan, Bin Wang, Yuanchang Zhou, Weiren Wu

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Na^+/H^+ antiporters have been suggested to play important roles in salt tolerance in plants. English cordgrass (Spartina anglica) is a gramineous halophyte with very strong salt tolerance. It possesses salt glands in its stems and leaves, through which excess salt can be excreted. In this study, a vacuolar Na^+/H^+ antiporter homologous gene (temporarily named SaNHX1) was isolated from Spartina anglica by RT-PCR and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). Southern blot analysis suggested that there might be 2 or 3 copies of the vacuolar Na^+/H^+ antiporter genes in the English cordgrass genome. Northern blot analysis showed that the expression of …

Soil Formation Overlying Volcanic Materials At Mount Erenler, Konya, Turkey, Sidika Özcan, Hasan Hüseyi̇n Özayteki̇n

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Studies of soils developed on volcanic materials are insufficient in Turkey in light of the wide distribution of these soils. The objectives of the present work were to assess the influence of climate and other soil-forming factors on physical, chemical, and mineralogical characteristics and pedological processes in the soil genesis and soil classification of 4 volcanic soil profiles derived from andesitic parent material, and to determine whether they meet the requirements for classification as Andisols. Collected from a semiarid climate in Konya, Turkey, these soils are characterized as medium- and fine-textured with low organic matter content, low cation exchange capacity, …