Life Sciences Commons^™

Lying Behavior: Assessing Within- And Betweenherd Variation In Free-Stall-Housed Dairy Cows, K. Ito, D. M. Weary, M. A. G. Von Keyserlingk

Housing and Confinement of Farm Animals Collection

One of the most important design criteria for dairy cow housing is access to a comfortable lying area. Behaviors such as the time cows spend lying down and how often they lie down can be used to evaluate the quality of stalls; however, assessing lying behavior on farms can be challenging. Indices such as the cow comfort index (CCI) and stall use index (SUI) have been widely used in on-farm assessments. The aims were to establish reliable sampling and recording methods for measuring lying behavior, to evaluate the adequacy of the CCI and SUI as estimates of lying behavior, and …

Childhood Poverty And Abdominal Obesity In Adulthood: A Systematic Review, David González, Aydin Nazmi, Cesar G. Victoria

Food Science and Nutrition

Adverse socioeconomic conditions in childhood can have lasting effects on health, but evidence is lacking from prospective studies concerning the effects of early poverty on abdominal obesity in adulthood. Cross-sectional studies in adults from middle and high-income countries show that current socioeconomic status is inversely related to obesity in women, but the pattern in men is not consistent. A systematic review was undertaken to assess the influence of early socioeconomic status on waist circumference, hip circumference, and waist-hip ratio in adulthood. Thirteen relevant articles were located (five cross-sectional and eight cohort), including only one from a middle-income country and the …

Density Dependence And The Economic Efficacy Of Marine Reserves, Crow White

Biological Sciences

Predictions on the efficacy of marine reserves for benefiting fisheries differ in large part due to considerations of models of either intra- or inter-cohort population density regulating fish recruitment. Here, I consider both processes acting on recruitment and show using a bioeconomic model how for many fisheries density dependent recruitment dynamics interact with harvest costs to influence fishery profit with reserves. Reserves consolidate fishing effort, favoring fisheries that can profitably harvest low-density stocks of species where adult density mediates recruitment. Conversely, proportion coastline in reserves that maximizes profit, and relative improvement in profit from reserves over conventional management, decline with …

School Of Natural Resources Comprehensive Five-Year Review

School of Natural Resources: Documents and Reviews

No abstract provided.

Five Year Management Strategy For The Recreational Trout Fishery. Discussion Paper For Public Comment On Future Management., The Rfac’S Recreational Freshwater Fisheries Stakeholder Sub-Committee

Fisheries Management Papers

The Recreational Fishing Advisory Committee (RFAC) was concerned over the delay in time in progressing this issue and recommended that the issue of trout stocking for recreational purposes be progressed in isolation. This matter was referred to the Recreational Freshwater Fisheries Stakeholder Sub-Committee (RFFSS) to progress the recreational aspects of stocking trout within State public waters. This strategy represents a significant step in ensuring the appropriate level of management is provided for the translocation of trout into and within Western Australia for recreational purposes. It is also hoped that this policy will serve as a guide for the management and …

Sleep-Disordered Breathing Affects Auditory Processing In 5–7 Year-Old Children: Evidence From Brain Recordings, Alexandra P.F. Key, Dennis L. Molfese, Louise O’Brien, David Gozal

Center for Brain, Biology, and Behavior: Faculty Publications

Poor sleep in children is associated with lower neurocognitive functioning and increased maladaptive behaviors. The current study examined the impact of snoring (the most common manifestation of sleep-disordered breathing) on cognitive and brain functioning in a sample of 35 asymptomatic children ages 5–7 years identified in the community as having habitual snoring (SDB). All participants completed polysomnographic, neurocognitive (NEPSY) and psychophysiological (ERPs to speech sounds) assessments. The results indicated that sub-clinical levels of SDB may not necessarily lead to reduced performance on standardized behavioral measures of attention and memory. However, brain indices of speech perception and discrimination (N1/P2) are sensitive …

The Majority Of The Type Iii Effector Inventory Of Pseudomonas Syringae Pv. Tomato Dc3000 Can Suppress Plant Immunity, Ming Guo, Fang Tian, Yashitola Wamboldt, James R. Alfano

Center for Plant Science Innovation: Faculty Publications

The Pseudomonas syringae type III protein secretion system (T3SS) and the type III effectors it injects into plant cells are required for plant pathogenicity and the ability to elicit a hypersensitive response (HR). The HR is a programmed cell death that is associated with effector-triggered immunity (ETI). A primary function of P. syringae type III effectors appears to be the suppression of ETI and pathogen-associated molecular pattern–triggered immunity (PTI), which is induced by conserved molecules on microorganisms. We reported that seven type III effectors from P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000 were capable of suppressing an HR induced by P. fluorescens …

Self-Assembly And Disassembly Of The Snare Complex: Examined Using Circular Dichroism And Atomic Force Microscopy, Jeremy D. Cook, Won Jin Cho, Timothy L. Stemmler, Bhanu P. Jena

Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Faculty Publications

In this study, we report for the first time that both t-SNAREs and v-SNARE and their complexes in buffered suspension, exhibit defined peaks at CD signals of 208 and 222 nm wavelengths, consistent with a higher degree of helical secondary structure. Surprisingly, when incorporated in lipid membrane, both SNAREs and their complexes exhibit reduced folding. In presence of NSF-ATP, the SNARE complex disassembles, as reflected from the CD signals demonstrating elimination of α-helices within the structure.

Desulfovibrio Idahonensis Sp. Nov., Sulfatereducing Bacteria Isolated From A Metal(Loid)-Contaminated Freshwater Sediment, H. Sass, S. Ramamoorthy, C. Yarwood, H. Langner, P. Schumann, R. M. Kroppenstedt, S. Spring, R. Frank Rosenzweig

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Two novel sulfate-reducing bacteria, strains CY1 and CY2, were isolated from heavy-metal-contaminated sediments of Lake Coeur d'Alene, Idaho, USA. Strains CY1 and CY2 were found to contain c-type cytochromes and to reduce sulfate, sulfite, thiosulfate, elemental sulfur, DMSO, anthraquinone disulfonate and fumarate using lactate as an electron donor. In a comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences, CY1 and CY2 were found to be 100% identical, but only 97 and 92.4% similar, respectively, to the type strains of Desulfovibrio mexicanus and Desulfovibrio aminophilus. Unlike these species, however, CY1 was neither able to disproportionate thiosulfate nor able to use yeast extract or …

Differential Inhibition Of Various Adenylyl Cyclase Isoforms And Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase By 2',3'-O-(2,4,6-Trinitrophenyl)-Substituted Nucleoside 5'-Triphosphates, Srividya Suryanarayana, Martin Göttle, Melanie Hübner, Andreas Gille, Tung-Chung Mou, Stephen R. Sprang, Mark Richter, Roland Seifert

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Adenylyl cyclases (ACs) catalyze the conversion of ATP into the second messenger cAMP and play a key role in signal transduction. In a recent study (Mol Pharmacol 70: 878-886, 2006), we reported that 2',3'-O-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)-substituted nucleoside 5'-triphosphates (TNP-NTPs) are potent inhibitors (K(i) values in the 10 nM range) of the purified catalytic subunits VC1 and IIC2 of membranous AC (mAC). The crystal structure of VC1: IIC2 in complex with TNP-ATP revealed that the nucleotide binds to the catalytic site with the TNP-group projecting into a hydrophobic pocket. The aims of this study were to analyze the interaction of TNP-nucleotides with VC1: …

Neuropeptide Y And Neurovascular Control In Skeletal Muscle And Skin., Gary J Hodges, Dwayne N Jackson, Louis Mattar, John M Johnson, J Kevin Shoemaker

Kinesiology Publications

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a ubiquitous peptide with multiple effects on energy metabolism, reproduction, neurogenesis, and emotion. In addition, NPY is an important sympathetic neurotransmitter involved in neurovascular regulation. Although early studies suggested that the vasoactive effects of NPY were limited to periods of high stress, there is growing evidence for the involvement of NPY on baseline vasomotor tone and sympathetically evoked vasoconstriction in vivo in both skeletal muscle and the cutaneous circulation. In Sprague-Dawley rat skeletal muscle, Y(1)-receptor activation appears to play an important role in the regulation of basal vascular conductance, and this effect is similar in magnitude …

Prediction Of Antigenic Epitopes On Protein Surfaces By Consensus Scoring, Shide Liang, Dandan Zheng, Chi Zhang, Martin Zacharias

Center for Plant Science Innovation: Faculty Publications

Background: Prediction of antigenic epitopes on protein surfaces is important for vaccine design. Most existing epitope prediction methods focus on protein sequences to predict continuous epitopes linear in sequence. Only a few structure-based epitope prediction algorithms are available and they have not yet shown satisfying performance.
Results: We present a new antigen Epitope Prediction method, which uses ConsEnsus Scoring (EPCES) from six different scoring functions - residue epitope propensity, conservation score, sidechain energy score, contact number, surface planarity score, and secondary structure composition. Applied to unbounded antigen structures from an independent test set, EPCES was able to predict antigenic eptitopes …

Mysterious Mycorrhizae? A Field Trip And Classroom Experiment To Demystify The Symbioses Formed Between Plants And Fungi, Nancy C. Johnson, V. Bala Chaudhary, Jason D. Hoeksema, John C. Moore, Anne Pringle

School of Environmental Sustainability: Faculty Publications and Other Works

No abstract provided.

Nebline, September 2009

NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County

September is Preparedness Month
Overseeding Lawns
Water Young Trees to Prevent Winter Damage
Winterizing Your Home
Propagating Plants from Cuttings
Just Like Kids, Head Lice are Back in School
When a Bat Gets Indoors
Eating Locally Grown Foods in the Fall
Get Your Grains
Laundry Tips for Back-to-School Garments and Stains
Parent-Teacher Communication
Family & Community Education (FCE) Clubs: Presidents’ View—Bonnie’s Bits
FCE News & Events
Household Hints: Recognize Symptoms of Stress
Ten Tips for Welcoming Wildlife into Your Landscape
Weedy Vines: Identification and Control
Winter Annual Weeds in Lawn
Fall is a Good Time to Control Weeds
September's Heart …

Factors Influencing Perennial Pasture Adoption In The Medium Rainfall Zone Of The South West Natural Resource Management Region Of Western Australia, Ned Crossley, Stephen Tunbridge, Kathi Mcdonald

Resource management technical reports

No abstract provided.

Reticulate Evolution And Marine Organisms: The Final Frontier?, Michael L. Arnold, Nicole D. Fogarty

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles

The role that reticulate evolution (i.e., via lateral transfer, viral recombination and/or introgressive hybridization) has played in the origin and adaptation of individual taxa and even entire clades continues to be tested for all domains of life. Though falsified for some groups, the hypothesis of divergence in the face of gene flow is becoming accepted as a major facilitator of evolutionary change for many microorganisms, plants and animals. Yet, the effect of reticulate evolutionary change in certain assemblages has been doubted, either due to an actual dearth of genetic exchange among the lineages belonging to these clades or …

Evidence Base For The Use Of Selected Complementary And Alternative Therapies By Patients With Diabetes: Preface, Ruth Lindquist, Byron Hoogwerf

University Faculty Publications and Creative Works

No abstract provided.

"Genetics In Geographically Structured Populations: Defining, Estimating And Interpreting Fst.", Kent E. Holsinger, Bruce S. Weir

EEB Articles

Wright's F-statistics, and especially F(ST), provide important insights into the evolutionary processes that influence the structure of genetic variation within and among populations, and they are among the most widely used descriptive statistics in population and evolutionary genetics. Estimates of F(ST) can identify regions of the genome that have been the target of selection, and comparisons of F(ST) from different parts of the genome can provide insights into the demographic history of populations. For these reasons and others, F(ST) has a central role in population and evolutionary genetics and has wide applications in fields that range from disease association mapping …

Movements And Habitat Utilization Of Two Longbill Spearfish Tetrapturus Pfluegeri In The Eastern Tropical South Atlantic Ocean, David W. Kerstetter, Eric S. Orbesen, S. Robert Snodgrass, Eric Prince

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles

The longbill spearfish Tetrapturus pfleugeri Robins and de Sylva, 1963, is a small istiophorid billfish found in the Atlantic Ocean and adjacent seas that occurs as an infrequent by-catch in recreational and commercial pelagic fisheries. Although some data exist on diet and reproduction based on dead specimens, little is known of the species’ habitat preferences or individual movement patterns. In 2004, two longbill spearfish were tagged with pop-up satellite archival tags (PSATs) near Ascencion Island in the South Atlantic for 11 d and 45 d. Individual movement tracks derived from light-based geolocation estimates suggested little relationship with sea surface temperature …

Consequences Of Recruitmentdecisions And Heterogeneity On Age-Specific Breeding Success In A Long-Lived Seabird, Lise M. Aubry, David N. Koons, Jean Yves Monnat, Emmanuelle Cam

Wildland Resources Faculty Publications

An individual’s age at first reproduction and investment in successive reproductive attempts are involved in mechanisms that can impede somatic repair, resulting in a decline in reproductive abilities with age (reproductive senescence). We used long-term data from the Black-legged Kittiwake, a long-lived seabird, to address the relationship between recruitment age, age-specific breeding success (BS), and reproductive senescence, while accounting for breeding experience and temporal variation in BS. We first detected late-life improvement in BS across all recruitment groups, which we recognized as ‘‘within-generation selection’’ or the selective disappearance of ‘‘frail’’ phenotypes. When such heterogeneity was accurately accounted for, we showed …

Forage News [2009-09], Department Of Plant And Soil Sciences, University Of Kentucky

Forage News

• Anderson County to Host Sept. 3 Forage Day
• Enroll in 2009 Kentucky Grazing School
• 10th Kentucky Grazing Conference
• KFGC Update
• Producers Can Receive Up to $45.00/Ton Matching Funds for Growing Biomass
• Forage Spokesman Nominations - Deadline Sept. 15
• Alfalfa Intensive Training Set for Indianapolis
• Performance and Physiology of Yearling Steers Grazing Toxic Tall Fescue as Influenced by Feeding Soybean Hulls and Implanting with Steroidal Hormones
• New Developments in Forage Varieties
• Extending the Grazing Season
• Use Goats to Make Money and Lower Costs
• Upcoming Events

Long-Tailed Jaegers In Western Nebraska, Stephen J. Dinsmore

Nebraska Bird Review

The Long-tailed Jaeger is an accidental migrant in Nebraska with just one accepted record through the mid-1990s. Based on records from adjacent states, especially Colorado (Andrews and Righter 1992) and Wyoming (Faulkner 2010), the species is probably more frequent than these records indicate, and its status is further complicated by possible confusion with Pomarine and Parasitic jaegers. In this article I report details of four records of Long-tailed Jaegers in western Nebraska and comment on the species' identification and status in the state.

Subscription And Organization Information [September 2009]

Nebraska Bird Review

The Nebraska Bird Review is published quarterly by the Nebraska Ornithologists' Union, Inc., as its official journal, and is sent to members not in arrears of dues. Annual subscription rates (on a calendar-year basis only): $15 in the United States, $18 in Canada, and $30 in all other countries, payable in advance. Single copies are $4 each, postpaid, in the United States, $5 in Canada, and $8 elsewhere. Send orders for back issues to Anita Breckbill, NOU Librarian, c/o Music Library, WMB 30, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588-0101.

Memberships in the NOU (on a calendar-year basis only): Active, $15; …

Nebraska Bird Review (September 2009) 77(3), Whole Issue

Nebraska Bird Review

Summer Field Report, June–July 2009 ... 94

Long-tailed Jaegers in Western Nebraska ... 110

The Official List of the Birds of Nebraska: 2009 ... 112

Accidental and Casual Species for Which the Nebraska Ornithologists’ Union Records Committee Seeks Documentation ... 131

Editorial Staff Change ... 133

Subscription and Organization Information ... 135

The Official List Of The Birds Of Nebraska: 2009

Nebraska Bird Review

The “Official List of the Birds of Nebraska: 2009” contains 454 species.

The duties of NOU Records Committee (NOU Records Committee 1986) include:

A. The committee shall publish an official list of the birds of Nebraska.

B. The official list will include all those species whose occurrence has been reported in Nebraska.

C. The committee shall keep the official list current.

D. The committee shall publish a list of species for which details are requested with every sighting reported.

The 2009 NOU Records Committee has completed the above duties and the following is the result of its endeavors. This work …

Accidental And Casual Species For Which The Nebraska Ornithologists’ Union Records Committee Seeks Documentation

Nebraska Bird Review

A list of 117 species (Black-bellied Whistling Duck, Taiga Bean-Goose, Emperor Goose, Brant, Eurasian Wigeon, etc.) for which the Nebraska Ornithologists’ Union Records Committee seeks documentation.

Mean Dynamic Topography Of The Ocean Derived From Satellite And Drifting Buoy Data Using Three Different Techniques, Nikolai Maximenko, Peter Niiler, Marie-Helene Rio, Oleg Melnichenko, Luca Centurioni, Boris Galperin, Don. P. Chambers, Victor Zlotnicki

Marine Science Faculty Publications

Presented here are three mean dynamic topography maps derived with different methodologies. The first method combines sea level observed by the high-accuracy satellite radar altimetry with the geoid model of the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE), which has recently measured the earth’s gravity with unprecedented spatial resolution and accuracy. The second one synthesizes near-surface velocities from a network of ocean drifters, hydrographic profiles, and ocean winds sorted according to the horizontal scales. In the third method, these global datasets are used in the context of the ocean surface momentum balance. The second and third methods are used to improve …

Transitions To And From The Cd4-Bound Conformation Are Modulated By A Single-Residue Change In The Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Gp120 Inner Domain, Aemro Kassa, Navid Madani, Arne Schön, Hillel Haim, Andrés Finzi, Shi-Hua Xiang, Liping Wang, Amy Princiotto, Marie Pancera, Joel Courter, Amos B. Smith Iii, Ernesto Freire, Peter D. Kwong, Joseph Sodroski

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Binding to the primary receptor CD4 induces conformational changes in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gp120 envelope glycoprotein that allow binding to the coreceptor (CCR5 or CXCR4) and ultimately trigger viral membrane-cell membrane fusion mediated by the gp41 transmembrane envelope glycoprotein. Here we report the derivation of an HIV-1 gp120 variant, H66N, that confers envelope glycoprotein resistance to temperature extremes. The H66N change decreases the spontaneous sampling of the CD4-bound conformation by the HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins, thus diminishing CD4-independent infection. The H66N change also stabilizes the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein complex once the CD4-bound state is achieved, decreasing the …

Bobber1 Is A Noncanonical Arabidopsis Small Heat Shock Protein Required For Both Development And Thermotolerance, Dahlia Erin Perez , '08, J. S. Hoyer, Ayanna Iman Johnson , '09, Zachary Ray Moody , '07, J. Lopez, Nicholas J. Kaplinsky

Biology Faculty Works

Plants have evolved a range of cellular responses to maintain developmental homeostasis and to survive over a range of temperatures. Here, we describe the in vivo and in vitro functions of BOBBER1 (BOB1), a NudC domain containing Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) small heat shock protein. BOB1 is an essential gene required for the normal partitioning and patterning of the apical domain of the Arabidopsis embryo. Because BOB1 loss-of-function mutants are embryo lethal, we used a partial loss-of-function allele (bob1-3) to demonstrate that BOB1 is required for organismal thermotolerance and postembryonic development. Recombinant BOB1 protein functions as a molecular chaperone and prevents …

An Introduction To Markets For Ecosystem Services, Jack Schieffer

Agricultural Economics Presentations

No abstract provided.